Hydrogen attack
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High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) is a phenomenon that can damage industrial plants and systems when hydrogen is subjected to high temperature and pressure. It can cause metals like steel, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium to suffer serious failure, leading to expensive repairs and lost production. HTHA can be detected through ultrasonic imaging and data processing techniques to improve inspection results and repeatability. Hydrogen damage occurs through mechanisms like solid solution hardening, internal defect creation, hydride embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement. Controlling contact between metals and hydrogen through processes like melting, casting, and welding can help reduce hydrogen damage during production and use.
Hydrogen attack
- 1. Report on Hydrogen attack Name: ﻓﺮﺝ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﺃﺣﻤﺪ Section: 7 No: 169
- 2. High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) Explanation High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) is a phenomenon, which occurs within some industrial processes when the presence of hydrogen, subjected to high temperature and pressure, makes plants and systems susceptible to damage, many similar effects have been observed in different structural materials, such as steel, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium.. This reaction can cause an industrial plant to suffer serious failure, which may lead to both expensive repairs and loss of production. Detection HTHA can be detected in a number of ways, but it is considered that with the complexity of HHTA a more structured approach is necessary. A series of procedures have been developed featuring the latest advances in ultrasonic imaging and data processing techniques in order to achieve a greater level of confidence in both HTHA inspection results and inspection repeatability. Classifications Hydrogen damage may be of four types: solid solution hardening, creation of internal defects, hydride embrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement. Each of these may further be classified into the various damaging processes. TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DAMAGE The most important features of hydrogen damage are summarized in :
- 3. Importance With advancing technology, use of high strength structural materials becomes a necessity. Depletion of fossil fuels and the search for other sources of energy is a current activity of humankind. Hydrogen is believed to be a possible future source of energy (Engineering note: Hydrogen could not be used as a "source" of energy but only as a means to transport energy from one place to another) and a “hydrogen economy” is a strong possibility within the next 50 years. In such a scenario, large‐scale production, storage, transportation and use of hydrogen becomes necessary. Materials’ problems caused by hydrogen damage could limit the progress of such an economy. Metals may pick up hydrogen during melting, casting, shaping and fabrication. They are also exposed to hydrogen during their service life. Materials susceptible to hydrogen damage have many opportunities to be degraded during all these stages. Control of hydrogen damage The best method of controlling hydrogen damage is to control contact between the metal and hydrogen. Many steps can be taken to reduce the entry of hydrogen into metals during critical operations like melting, casting, working (rolling, forging, etc.), and welding, surface preparation, like chemical cleaning, electroplating, and corrosion during their service life. Control of the environment and metallurgical control of the material to decrease its susceptibility to hydrogen are the two major approaches to reduce hydrogen damage. Mechanism of failure Excessive deposits of feed water corrosion products such as iron, copper or nickel oxides or oxide hydrates themselves are not sufficient for the development of hydrogen damage. The second condition is the presence of acidic contaminants in the boiler water and their concentration underneath the deposits (e.g., by wick boiling). Figures