Downloaded 21 times
More Related Content
Similar to Hydrogen fuel cell cars
Hydrogen fuel cell cars
- 2. Content: ● Introduction ● Whatis a HFC ? ● Components of HFC ● How does a hydrogen fuel cell car work ? ● Comparison between EV & HFC EV ● Conclusion
- 3. Introduction: A hydrogen fuelcell vehicle is a vehicle that uses Hydrogen as source of fuel.Hydrogen vehicles include hydrogen-fueled space rockets, as well as automobiles and other transportation vehicles. The power plants of such vehicles convert the chemical energy of hydrogen to mechanical energy either by burning hydrogen in an internal combustion engine, or, more commonly, by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motors. Widespread use of hydrogen for fueling transportation is a key element of a proposed hydrogen economy.
- 4. What is aHFC ? A Hydrogen fuel cell is a device that converts chemical potential energy (energy stored in molecular bonds) into electrical energy. A Proton Exchange Membrane or a PEM cell uses hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) as fuel. The products of the reaction in the cell are water, electricity, and heat.
- 5. Components of HFC Thereare four basic elements of a PEM Fuel Cell: ● The anode, the negative post of the fuel cell, has several jobs. It conducts the electrons that are freed from the hydrogen molecules so that they can be used in an external circuit. It has channels etched into it that disperse the hydrogen gas equally over the surface of the catalyst.
- 6. Components of HFC ●The cathode, the positive post of the fuel cell, has channels etched into it that distribute the oxygen to the surface of the catalyst. It also conducts the electrons back from the external circuit to the catalyst, where they can recombine with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water. ● The electrolyte is the proton exchange membrane. This specially treated material, which looks something like ordinary kitchen plastic wrap, only conducts positively charged ions. The membrane blocks electrons. For a PEMFC, the membrane must be hydrated in order to function and remain stable.
- 7. Components of HFC ●The catalyst is a special material that facilitates the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen. It is usually made of platinum nanoparticles very thinly coated onto carbon paper or cloth. The catalyst is rough and porous so that the maximum surface area of the platinum can be exposed to the hydrogen or oxygen. The platinum-coated side of the catalyst faces the PEM..
- 8. Components of HFC ●As the name implies, the heart of the cell is the proton exchange membrane. It allows protons to pass through it virtually unimpeded, while electrons are blocked. So, when the H2 hits the catalyst and splits into protons and electrons (remember, a proton is the same as an H+ ion) the protons go directly through to the cathode side, while the electrons are forced to travel through an external circuit. Along the way they perform useful work, like lighting a bulb or driving a motor, before combining with the protons and O2 on the other side to produce water.
- 9. How does ahydrogen fuel cell car work ? Hydrogen fuel cell car or HFC work by converting the potential energy of the hydrogen into chemical energy thent converting into mechanical energy to generate the motive power. HFC cars consist of a cell that produces the electrical power to drive the motor. HFC uses compressed Hydrogen and air as the fuel source and in exhaust it out put water.
- 10. How does ahydrogen fuel cell car work ? Pressurized hydrogen gas (H2) entering the fuel cell on the anode side. This gas is forced through the catalyst by the pressure. When an H2 molecule comes in contact with the platinum on the catalyst, it splits into two H+ ions and two electrons (e-). The electrons are conducted through the anode, where they make their way through the external circuit (doing useful work such as turning a motor) and return to the cathode side of the fuel cell.
- 11. How does ahydrogen fuel cell car work ? Meanwhile, on the cathode side of the fuel cell, oxygen gas (O2) is being forced through the catalyst, where it forms two oxygen atoms. Each of these atoms has a strong negative charge. This negative charge attracts the two H+ ions through the membrane, where they combine with an oxygen atom and two of the electrons from the external circuit to form a water molecule (H2O).
- 12. How does ahydrogen fuel cell car work ? All these reaction occurs in a so called cell stack. The expertise then also involves the setup of a complete system around core component that is the cell stack. The stack will be embedded in a module including fuel, water and air management, coolant control hardware and software. This module will then be integrated in a complete system to be used in different applications. Due to the high energetic content of hydrogen and high efficiency of fuel cells (55%), this great technology can be used in many applications like transport (cars, buses, forklifts, etc) and backup power to produce electricity during a failure of the electricity grid.
- 14. Production Of Hydrogen: Thereis mainly two type of production process of Hydrogen 1. Electrolysis 2. Steam reforming
- 15. Production Of Hydrogen: 1.Electrolysis: In this process , direct current is passed through the water and produces Hydrogen at cathode and Oxygen at anode. Salt is added to the water to make the water more conductive. Anode Reaction: 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- Cathode Reaction: 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2
- 16. Production Of Hydrogen: 2.Steam reforming: This process is mainly used in the industry. Here hydrogen is taken out form the natural gases like Methane. For this process high temperature (700–1100 °C) steam (H2O) reacts with methane (CH4) in an endothermic reaction to yield syngas. CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2 In a second stage, additional hydrogen is generated through the lower- temperature, exothermic, water gas shift reaction, performed at about 360 °C. CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
- 18. Advantages of HFCVover ICV: ● By converting chemical potential energy directly into electrical energy, fuel cells avoid the “thermal bottleneck” (a consequence of the 2nd law of thermodynamics) and are thus inherently more efficient than combustion engines, which must first convert chemical potential energy into heat, and then mechanical work. ● Direct emissions from a fuel cell vehicle are just water and a little heat. This is a huge improvement over the internal combustion engine’s litany of greenhouse gases.
- 19. Advantages of HFCVover ICV: ● Fuel cells have no moving parts. They are thus much more reliable than traditional engines. ● Hydrogen can be produced in an environmentally friendly manner, while oil extraction and refining is very damaging.
- 20. Conclusion: Hydrogen Fuel cellvehicles are currently being researched for their feasibility of widespread usage in automobiles and other forms of transportation. As the hydrogen is not naturally found on the earth so extracting it from water or from any other substance is expensive and produces greenhouse gases as byproduct . But now some petrol pump in Ireland and USA are producing hydrogen at their own mini plant by using solar and wind power as source of electricity. We could hope see a clean source of a fuel for the vehicle in near future.
- 21.