IBM Cloud University: Java, Node.js and Swift

Chris Bailey @Chris__Bailey
STSM, Runtime Technologies
Java, Node.js and Swift:
Which, When and Why

7 1/17/17
GATEWAY
PUBLIC NETWORK CLOUD NETWORK
Client Devices Application Tier Database Tier

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01/02/12
01/08/12
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01/02/14
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01/02/16
01/08/16
Java
JavaScript

9 1/17/17
Redmonk Programming Languages Rankings
http://redmonk.com/sogrady/category/programming-languages/

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Java
JavaScript

10 1/17/17

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01/02/12
01/08/12
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01/02/16
01/08/16
Java
JavaScript
Swi5
11 1/17/17

14
Scripting LanguageRuntime Language

15
Scripting Language Modern Native LanguageRuntime Language

16
Type Safe Type Safe, with InferenceDynamically Typed

17
Pre-Compiled and JIT Compiled JIT Compiled Pre-Compiled

18
Garbage Collected
Garbage Collected Reference Counted
JIT Compiled Pre-CompiledPre-Compiled and JIT Compiled

19
Threaded Multi-CPU
Garbage Collected
Garbage Collected Reference Counted
Async Single CPU Async Multi-CPU
JIT Compiled Pre-CompiledPre-Compiled and JIT Compiled

Swift @ IBM
func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Void {
print(a + b)
}
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
var add = function (a, b) {
console.log(a + b);
}
print(a + b)
}
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = 5;
var b = 3;
print(a + b)
}
let a = 5
let b = 3
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = 5;
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
print(a + b)
}
let a = 5
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = 5;
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
print(a + b)
}
let a = 5
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = 5;
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
> node app.js
print(a + b)
}
let a = 5
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift
> main
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = 5;
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
> node app.js
8
print(a + b)
}
let a = 5
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift
> main
8
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = '5';
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
print(a + b)
}
let a = ”5”
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = '5';
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
print(a + b)
}
let a = ”5”
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift 
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = '5';
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
print(a + b)
}
let a = ”5”
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift 
> Error line 6: Cannot convert value of
type ‘String’ into argument of type ‘Int’
Swift Node.js

Swift @ IBM
console.log(a + b);
}
var a = '5';
var b = 3;
add(a, b);
> node app.js
> 53
print(a + b)
}
let a = ”5”
let b = 3
add(a, to: b)
> swiftc main.swift
 
> Error line 6: Cannot convert value of
type ‘String’ into argument of type ‘Int’
Swift Node.js

Runtime cost of dynamic typing
func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Int {
return(a + b)
}

func add(_ a: Int, to b: Int) -> Int {
return(a + b)
}
addi

return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringCheck type of
B
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringConcatenate Check type of
B
String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringNumber
Concatenate Check type of
B
String
Convert Number 
to String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringNumber
Concatenate Check type of
B
String
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
B
String NumberNumber
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
B
Check type of
B
String NumberNumber
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
B
Check type of
B
StringString NumberNumber
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Convert Number 
to String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
B
Check type of
B
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
return(a + b);
}

Convert Number 
to String
Check type of
A
B
Check type of
B
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Concatenate
Number
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringConcatenate
Floating 
Point or 
Normal
Check type of
B
Check type of
B
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Concatenate
Number
Convert Number 
to String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringConcatenate
Floating 
Point or 
Normal
Float Calculation
Check type of
B
Check type of
B
StringString
Float
NumberNumber
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Concatenate
Number
Convert Number 
to String
return(a + b);
}

Check type of
A
StringConcatenate
Floating 
Point or 
Normal
Normal Add InstructionFloat Calculation
Check type of
B
Check type of
B
StringString
Float
NumberNumber
Convert Number 
to String
Concatenate
Concatenate
Number
Convert Number 
to String
return(a + b);
}

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18

Duration(s)
(lowerisbetter)
http://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/performance.php?test=spectralnorm
Typed vs Untyped Performance

4
0
2
4
6
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18

Duration(s)
(lowerisbetter)

4 4.3
0
2
4
6
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18

Duration(s)
(lowerisbetter)

4 4.3
15.8
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18

Duration(s)
(lowerisbetter)

0
20
40
60
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120
JSON Serialization Single Query Data Updates
TechEmpower Performance
(%age of best - higher is better)
Node.js
Java
Increasing levels of I/O

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100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)
Typed vs Untyped Developer Productivity

601
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)

601
950
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100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)

601
950
413
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100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)
VolumeofCode
(lowerisbetter)

Memory
Live in-use data
(Retained Set)
Heap Size

Memory
Live in-use data
(Retained Set)
Heap Size
Temporary Data
(Garbage)
Temporary Data
(Garbage)

Memory
Live in-use data
(Retained Set)
Heap Size
Temporary Data
(Garbage)

Memory
Live in-use data
(Retained Set)
Heap Size
Temporary Data
(Garbage)
Temporary Data
(Garbage)
40 to 60%

Memory
Live in-use data
(Retained Set)
Heap Size
Temporary Data
(Garbage)
Temporary Data
(Garbage)
40 to 60%
~2X additional memory for additional performance

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

ARC vs Garage Collection
MemoryUsage(MB)
(lowerisbetter)

15
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

MemoryUsage(MB)
(lowerisbetter)

15
32.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

MemoryUsage(MB)
(lowerisbetter)

15
32.2
25.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35

MemoryUsage(MB)
(lowerisbetter)

Cloud Costs
Provider Type Memory CPUs Cost/month
Amazon EC2 Linux t2.nano 512MB 1 vCPU US$4.68
Digital Ocean Standard 512MB 1 Core Processor US$5.00
Pivotal Cloud
Foundry
App Instance 512MB 4 vCPUs US$10.80
Heroku Standard 1x 512MB 1 Share US$25.00
IBM Bluemix Instant
Runtimes
512MB 4 vCPUs US$24.15
Containers 512MB 4 vCPUs US$10.22

Cloud Costs
Linux t2.micro 1GB 1 vCPU US$9.36
Standard 1GB 1 Core Processor US$10.00
Pivotal Cloud
Foundry
App Instance 1GB 4 vCPUs US$21.60
Standard 2x 1GB 2 Shares US$50.00
IBM Bluemix Instant
Runtimes
Instant
Runtimes
1GB 4 vCPUs US$49.35
Containers 1GB 4 vCPUs US$20.59

Cloud Costs
Linux t2.small 2GB 1 vCPU US$18.72
Standard 2GB 2 Core
Processors
US$20.00
Pivotal Cloud
Foundry
IBM Bluemix Instant
Runtimes
Instant
Runtimes

Cloud Costs
Linux t2.small 2GB 1 vCPU US$18.72
Linux t2.medium 4GB 2 vCPUs US$37.44
Standard 2GB 2 Core
Processors
US$20.00
Pivotal Cloud
Foundry
IBM Bluemix Instant
Runtimes
Instant
Runtimes

82
Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers,
disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will
help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in
the future.
This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted
by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be
discovered. To defend against this and future Java
vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers…

83
Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers,
disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will
help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in
the future.
This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted
by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be
discovered. To defend against this and future Java
vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers…

84
•Reuse of code components
•Write One Run Anywhere
•Sharing of data models
•Less maintenance
•Server-side rendering
•Pre-Initialise UI on the server
•Improves first paint time
•Enables search indexing

95
High Processing Performance
Transaction Processing Frameworks
Node.js SwiftJava
Type Safety for Calculations

96
High Processing Performance
Node.js SwiftJava
Type Safety for Calculations
Business Logic
Performance Critical
Batch Processing

97
High Processing Performance High IO Performance
Node.js SwiftJava
Fullstack Web Development
Type Safety for Calculations Async Programming for Scale
Business Logic
Batch Processing

98
Node.js SwiftJava
Business Logic
Batch Processing
Delivery Tier
REST APIs
Enterprise Modernisation

99
Node.js SwiftJava
?
Business Logic
Batch Processing
Delivery Tier
REST APIs
Enterprise Modernisation

101 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Application Tier Database Tier

102 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Service Tier Database Tier

103 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Service Tier Database TierDelivery Tier

104 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Service Tier Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier

105 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Hosted ServicesDelivery Tier
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

106 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

107 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

108 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

109 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services
API Team

110 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services
API Team
Web Team
Android Team
iOS Team

111
Server Side Rendering
First Paint Time
Search Engine Optimisation

112
Server Side Rendering
First Paint Time
Search Engine Optimisation
Network Payload Size
CPU Usage
Request Frequency
Battery Usage
Memory Usage

114 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services
API Team
Web Team
Android Team
iOS Team

115 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

116 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

117 1/17/17
GATEWAY
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-Services

118 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Hosted Services
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-ServicesBackend For Frontend 
(BFF)

119 1/17/17
GATEWAY
Client Devices Hosted Services
ROUTING PROXY
Micro-ServicesBackend For Frontend 
(BFF)
UI Engineering

$ idt create
? Select a pattern:
1. Web App
2. Mobile App
3. Backend for Frontend
4. Microservice
Enter a number> 3
? Select a starter:
1. Basic Backend
Enter a number> 1
? Select a language:
1. Java - MicroProfile / Java EE
2. Node
3. Java - Spring Framework
4. Swift
Enter a number> 2
? Enter a name for your project> MyNodeProject
? Enter a hostname for your project> NodeProject22
? Do you want to add services to your project? [y/n]> n
The project, mynodeproject, has been successfully saved into the
current directory.
OK
Create:

$ idt deploy -t container
Deploy:
MICROSERVICE 
BUILDER
JENKINS
BLUEMIX DEVOPS

The container deployment image name for the deployment of this
project will be:
(The image will be tagged by Docker with this base name and
appended with a version)
registry.ng.bluemix.net/namespace/myswiftproject
? Press [Return] to accept this, or enter a new value now>
The IBM cluster name for the deployment of this project will
be:
mycluster
Log in to the IBM Container Registry
OK
Configure for a Bluemix deployment with cluster ‘mycluster'
Deploying to Cloud
OK
Deploy:
MICROSERVICE 
BUILDER
JENKINS
BLUEMIX DEVOPS

The container deployment image name for the deployment of this
project will be:
(The image will be tagged by Docker with this base name and
appended with a version)
registry.ng.bluemix.net/namespace/myswiftproject
The IBM cluster name for the deployment of this project will
be:
mycluster
Log in to the IBM Container Registry
OK
Configure for a Bluemix deployment with cluster ‘mycluster'
Deploying to Cloud
OK
Deploy:

127
IBM Foundation
Support for Runtimes
generator-nodeserver
appmetrics monitoring
generator-swiftserver
swiftmetrics monitoringjavametrics monitoring
Support: Language Runtimes
IBM Support for Runtimes

128
LoopBack
IBM Foundation
IBM Advanced
Support for Runtime
Frameworks
Support: Web Frameworks

129
LoopBack
IBM Foundation
IBM Advanced
Support for Runtime
Frameworks
Support: Module Ecosystem

IBM Cloud University 2017 | October
Please Note
IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent  
are subject to change or withdrawal without notice at IBM’s  
sole discretion.
Information regarding potential future products is intended to
outline our general product direction and it should not be relied
on in making a purchasing decision.
The information mentioned regarding potential future products
is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver  
any material, code or functionality. Information about potential
future products may not be incorporated into any contract.
The development, release, and timing of any future features  
or functionality described for our products remains at our sole
discretion.
 
Performance is based on measurements and projections  
using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment.
The actual throughput or performance that any user will
experience will vary depending upon many factors, including
considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in 
the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage
configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no
assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve
results similar to those stated here.

Notices and disclaimers
Copyright © 2017 by International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
without written permission from IBM.
U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights — use, duplication or
disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM.
Information in these presentations (including information relating to
products that have not yet been announced by IBM) has been reviewed
for accuracy as of the date of initial publication and could include
unintentional technical or typographical errors. IBM shall have no
responsibility to update this information. This document is distributed
“as is” without any warranty, either express or implied. In no event
shall IBM be liable for any damage arising from the use of this
information, including but not limited to, loss of data, business
interruption, loss of profit or loss of opportunity. IBM products and
services are warranted according to the terms and conditions of the
agreements under which they are provided.
IBM products are manufactured from new parts or new and used parts.  
In some cases, a product may not be new and may have been previously
installed. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.”
Any statements regarding IBM's future direction, intent or product
plans are subject to change or withdrawal without notice. 
Performance data contained herein was generally obtained in a
controlled, isolated environments. Customer examples are presented  
as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and  
the results they may have achieved. Actual performance, cost, savings or
other results in other operating environments may vary.
References in this document to IBM products, programs, or services does
not imply that IBM intends to make such products, programs or services
available in all countries in which IBM operates or does business.
Workshops, sessions and associated materials may have been prepared
by independent session speakers, and do not necessarily reflect the  
views of IBM. All materials and discussions are provided for informational
purposes only, and are neither intended to, nor shall constitute legal or
other guidance or advice to any individual participant or their specific
situation.
It is the customer’s responsibility to insure its own compliance with legal
requirements and to obtain advice of competent legal counsel as to
the identification and interpretation of any relevant laws and regulatory
requirements that may affect the customer’s business and any actions 
the customer may need to take to comply with such laws. IBM does not
provide legal advice or represent or warrant that its services or products
will ensure that the customer is in compliance with any law.

Notices and disclaimers continued
Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the
suppliers of those products, their published announcements or other
publicly available sources. IBM has not tested those products in
connection with this publication and cannot confirm the accuracy of
performance, compatibility or any other claims related to non-IBM
products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be
addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM does not warrant the
quality of any third-party products, or the ability of any such third-party
products to interoperate with IBM’s products. IBM expressly disclaims
all warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular,
purpose.
The provision of the information contained herein is not intended to, and
does not, grant any right or license under any IBM patents, copyrights,
trademarks or other intellectual property right.
IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, Aspera®, Bluemix, Blueworks Live, CICS,
Clearcase, Cognos®, DOORS®, Emptoris®, Enterprise Document
Management System™, FASP®, FileNet®, Global Business Services®, 
Global Technology Services®, IBM ExperienceOne™, IBM SmartCloud®,
IBM Social Business®, Information on Demand, ILOG, Maximo®,
MQIntegrator®, MQSeries®, Netcool®, OMEGAMON, OpenPower,
PureAnalytics™, PureApplication®, pureCluster™, PureCoverage®,
PureData®, PureExperience®, PureFlex®, pureQuery®, pureScale®,
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System z® Z/OS, are trademarks of International Business Machines
Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product
and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A
current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at "Copyright and
trademark information" at: www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml.

IBM Cloud University: Java, Node.js and Swift

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