Idiom

Idiom

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  IDIOMVocabulary by: Ahmad ZakkiMaulana 14320079 Retno Dumilah 14320099 Ferry Sandriya 14320020 4th group
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  Idiom When and howare idioms used? Short Story Feature Definition Type
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  Definition WHAT IS IDIOM? Anidiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the individual words. Idioms are usually fixed. Although certain small changes can be made in idiomatic expressions, you cannot usually change the words, the word order, or the grammatical forms in the same way as you can change a non-idiomatic expression. For example, the sentence the answer is easy can be changed into the answer is simple. But in the expression it is as easy as pie; the word simple cannot be used. Another example is the sentence she likes cats and dogs, which you can change into she likes dogs and cat. On the other hand, in the expression it is raining cats and dogs (meaning raining hard), the word order is fixed. Idioms have a special meaning. Sometimes the meaning of an idiom can be guessed from the meaning of one of the words.
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  Feature There are twofeatures that identify an idiom: Firstly, we cannot deduce the meaning of the idiom from the individual words. Secondly, both the grammar and the vocabulary of the idiom are fixed, and if we change them we lose the meaning of the idiom. Thus the idiom "pull your socks up" means "improve the way you are behaving" (or it can have a literal meaning); if we change it grammatically to "pull your sock up" or we change its vocabulary to "pull your stockings up", then we must interpret the phrase literally - it has lost its idiomatic meaning.
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  Type TYPES OF IDIOMS Verb plus object Draw the line at something means refuse to behave in a certain way because you think it is wrong. For example, I use some strong language sometimes, but I draw the line at using offensive words.  Prépositionnel phrases (préposition plus Noun phrase) Our boss always keeps up in the dark about changes until the last minute. (uninformed) Compounds Small talk means social talk/not a serious thing. For example; I‘m not very good at small talk.
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  Type Other types : Binominal type (word + word); she always acts so high and mighty (self-important, arrogant)  Simile type (as + adjective + as + noun); I‘m as blind as a bat without my glasses (can hardly see)  Conversational phrases; Hi, Julia, long time no see (I haven‘t see you for a long time)  Sayings/maxims; every little helps (even a small contribution is helpful)  Proverbs; don‘t count your chicken before they are hatched (do not rely on things in the future before they happen)
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  When and how are idiomsused? What are idioms used for? To emphasis, e.g. The singer’s second album sank like a stone. [failed completely] To agree with a previous speaker, e.g. A: Did you notice how Lisa started listening when you said her name? B: Yes, that certainly made her prick her ears up. [start listening carefully] To comment on people, e.g. Did you hear Tom has been invited for dinner with the prime minister? He’s certainly gone up in the world! [gained a better social position – or more money – than before] To comment on a situation, e.g. The new finance minister wants to knock the economy into shape. [take action to get something into a good condition]
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  When and how are idiomsused? To make an anecdote more interesting, e.g. It was just one disaster after another today, a sort of domino effect. [when something, usually bad, happens and causes a series of other things to happen] To catch the reader’s eye, e.g. a debt of dishonor instead of the usual debt of honor. [a debt that you owe someone for moral rather than financial reasons] To indicate membership of a particular group, e.g. surfers drop in on someone, meaning to get on a wave another surfer is already on. This kind of group-specific idiom is outside the focus of this book.
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  When and how are idiomsused? Where will you see or hear idioms? You will see and hear idioms in all sorts of speaking and writing. They are particularly common in everyday conversation and in popular journalism. For example, they are often found in magazine horoscopes, e.g. You’ll spend much of this week licking your wounds [trying to recover from a bad experience]. However, idioms are also used in more formal contexts, such as lectures, academic essays and business reports, e.g. It is hoped the regulations will open the door to better management. [let something new start].
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  Short Story One day,I was sitting at a seat of my campus park. I lamented my useless life. I didn’t know what to do. I twiddled my thumbs in this dog eat dog world. Suddenly there was a unknown-girl running to me with a rush. I could feel it in my bones that something was going to happen. Without so much as a by your leave, she pulled my hand and took me somewhere. We ran in next to no time. Before knowing the score, something happened out of the blue. She kissed me publicly. “hey, what the hell are you doing?” I said angrily. I had my monkey up and wouldn't be seen dead in it. I immediately scolded her all-out. she might eat crow, till she, finally, burst into tears.
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  Meaning  twiddled mythumbs : feeling bored because I have nothing to do  dog eat dog : a situation of fierce competition in which people are willing to harm each other in order to be success  Feel it in my bones : to believe or sense something strongly although you cannot explain why  without so much as a by your leave : without asking for permission  in next to no time : very quickly or soon  knowing the score : be aware of what is going on  out of the blue : very unexpectedly  have my monkey up : be angry  wouldn't be seen dead in : used to express strong dislike or disinclination for a particular thing or situation  eat crow : be humiliated by her mistakes