Ijciet 08 02_015

Ijciet 08 02_015

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  http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 141 [email protected] InternationalJournal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2017, pp. 141–147 Article ID: IJCIET_08_02_015 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF COIR FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE S. Sastha Arumuga Pandi Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India S. Yamini Roja Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India G. Jenitha Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India K. Alagusankareswari Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SKR Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT Conventional concrete is robust in compression and weak in tension in order to swamp the weakness natural fibre is being equipped. The adoption of inherent fibres as edifice constituents is boon to procure a livable production. The comprehensive mission of this exploration is to stake out the discernible inspection of natural fibre in concrete structure. The coir fibre freshly tempted an influence as a workable fibre composite material, due to certain precise mechanical property which can be compared to artificial fibre. The coir fibre is treated using natural fluid before using in concrete, so that it is not be affected by moisture content presented in concrete. In this tentative study coir fibre is extant consumed in concrete thereby, the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, and modulus of rupture of M30Grade concrete and by capricious the spoonful of fibre gratified from0%, 2% 4%,6% and 8%. Stimulation should be given for the appliance of natural fibres which are regionally procurable materials, in the domain of civil engineering. Key words: coir fibre, composite materials, mechanical properties, natural fibres. Cite this Article: S. Sastha Arumuga Pandi, S. Yamini Roja, G. Jenitha and K. Alagusankareswari, Experimental Study on Behavior of Coir Fibre Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 2017, pp. 141–147. http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=2
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  Experimental Study onBehavior of Coir Fibre Reinforced Concrete http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 142 [email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION Fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete is which is used to increase its structural integrity.it is a composite material of cement concrete or mortar and discontinuous discrete and uniformly dispersed fibre. Natural fibre is one of the most commonly used fibres. Generally round fibres are used. The diameter range is from 0.25 to 0.75mm. When it gets rusted and loses its strength. It has high modulus of elasticity. Coconut fibre is extracted from the outer shell of the coconut. There are two type of coconut fibre brown fibre extracted from matured coconut and white fibre from immature coconut. The coir fibre is relatively waterproof, and is one of the few natural fibres resistant to damage by saltwater. The coir fibre is elastic enough to twist without breaking and it holds a curl as though permanently waved. Coir the fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut.[1,2]. 1.1. Coconut Husk Fibre Coconut fibre is extracted from the outer shell of the coconut. Common name - coir Scientific name - cocosnucifera Plant name - arecaceae (palm) coconut There are two type of coconut fibre brown fibre extracted from matured coconut and white fibre from immature coconut. Brown fibres are thick, strong and high ductile strength but white fibre are smoother and finer but also weaker [3, 4]. So in engineering brown fibre are mostly used.  Coir is the fibrous material found between the hard, internal and outer coat of a coconut  The Single fibre cells are narrow and hollow, with thick walls made of cellulose. They are pale when immature, but later become hardened and yellowed as a layer of lignin is deposited on their walls  The coir fibre is relatively waterproof, and is one of the few natural fibres resistant to damage by saltwater, Erosion control, 1cm diameter coconut husk fibre having a tensile strength of 7.8 MPa.  The coir fibre is elastic enough to twist without breaking and it holds a curl as though permanently waved.  coir has high in sodium and potassium, it is treated before use as a growth medium for plants or fungi by soaking in a calcium buffering solution; most coir sold for growing purposes is pre-treated. 1.1.1. Preparation of coir fibre  Coconut husk fibre is immersed in water for 30min.  After taking the fibre from the water it is straightened manually.  Dry the coir fibre in open space where 70-80% of moisture were removed and cut the fibre in to 6 cm. 2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 2.1. Physical Properties of Concrete The physical properties of concrete the values of the fineness modulus of the aggregate are done by the sieve analysis apparatus. [7, 8& 9] The Specific gravity of the sand and the coarse aggregate was done by the Pyconometer; the values are shown in the Table.1
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  S. Sastha ArumugaPandi, S. Yamini Roja, G. Jenitha and K. Alagusankareswari http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 143 [email protected] Table 1 Physical Properties of Concrete. Physical Properties Values Fineness Modulus Of The Given Fine Aggregate 5.638 Fineness Modulus Of Given Coarse Aggregate 6.775 Specific Gravity Of The Given Sand Sample 2.68 Specific Gravity Of Given Coarse Aggregate Sample 2.69 Water Absorption Percentage 1.11 2.2. Slump Test on Concrete To determine the slump values of cement concrete with different water cement ratios and draw a graph between slump and water cement ratio. It is the fall in vertical height of a freshly laid concrete with respect to the standard slump cone height. The slump is 0 mm for water cement ratio of 0.40.The slump is 25 mm for water cement ratio of 0.45.The slump is 55 mm for water cement ratio of 0.5, the values are shown in the table 2. Table 2 Slump value verses water cement ratio S.No Water Cement Ratio Slump in mm 1 0.40 0 2 0.45 25 3 0.50 55 2.2. Casting of Concrete Preparation of concrete is to assemble the moulds and apply a light coat of oil to the inner faces. Compute the quantities of materials required for casting .Weight out the individual quantity of cement, sand and aggregate for the given concrete ratio. Spread the weighed quantity of sand on a non- absorbent level surface, add the cement and mix them thoroughly. Spread the coarse aggregate and sand cement mixture and turn them by a trowel or shovel to obtain a uniform mix. Add the quantity of water and mix till a mass of uniform colour and consistency is obtained[10].Now fill the moulds in four layers of concrete, each layer is compacted not less than 35 stokes by tamping rods. Level the top surface of mould with trowel. After 24 hours, remove the moulded specimen from the mould. The specimens from the moulds are immediately submerged in clean water for curing. (7 days,14 days and 28 days) 2.3. Mix Proportion of Concrete 2.3.1. Target mean strength Ft = fck+ KS (table 8 IS 45:2000[6]) = 30+1.65 x = 38.25 N/mm2 2.3.2. Selection of Water Cement Ratio Maximum water cement ratio =0.50 (for moderate). Based on grade of concrete, water cement ratio take as 0.45 (table 5 IS456-2000) and also conforming (IS 10262 -1982) 0.45 < 0.50, Hence ok. 2.3.3. Calculation of Water Content Water content =186 litre (from table 4 IS 10262-1982) So the estimated water content = 186 litre.
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  Experimental Study onBehavior of Coir Fibre Reinforced Concrete http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 144 [email protected] 2.3.4. Determination of Cement Content Water cement ratio = 0.45 Cement content = 186/ 0.45 = 413 kg/m3 Minimum cement content =300 kg/m3 , (IS 456-2000) 413 < 300, Hence ok 2.3.5. Proportion of Volume of Coarse and Fine Aggregate Volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size aggregate and fine aggregate ZoneI with water cement ratio 0.45. Value of coarse aggregate = 0.65 Value of fine aggregate = 0.35 (table 4 IS10262-1982) 2.3.6. Mix Calculation The mix calculation per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows, Volume of concrete =1m3 Volume of cement = Mass of cement / (Specific gravity of Cement x1000) = 413/(3.15x1000) =0.131m3 Volume of water = 186/(1x1000) = 0.186m3 Volume of aggregates = 1-(volume of cement +volume of water) = 1-(0.131+0.186) = 0.682m3 Volume of fine aggregate =0.682x0.35x2.68x10 = 600 kg/m3 Volume of coarse aggregate = Volume of aggregate x0.65xsp.gtyx1000 = 0.682x0.65x2.69x1000 = 1190 kg/m3 Table 3 Mixing Proportioning of Concrete S.No Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate Water (kg/m3 ) (kg/m3 ) (kg/m3 ) Litre 1 413 600 1190 186 2 1 1.4 2.8 0.45 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Compressive and Split tensile Strength of Coir Fibre Concrete Cubes The compressive strength of the coir Fibre concrete is tested on the three days with five different percentage of coconut husk Fibre mixing, they are 0,2,4,6,8 percentage of Fibre is mixed with the concrete cubes[5]. And three trials have been made the value of compressive strength is shown in the table 4 with 7, 14 and 28 days of curing the concrete. The graphs have been plotted for the compressive strength vs. percentage of coconut husk Fibre mixing. In the observation of the graph shows that the less percentage of Fibre mixes increase the compressive strength values. The figure 1 shows the compressive strength testing machine for the concrete cube.
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  S. Sastha ArumugaPandi, S. Yamini Roja, G. Jenitha and K. Alagusankareswari http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 145 [email protected] Figure 1 Compressive strength testingmachine for the concrete cube Table 4 Compressive Strength of M30 Concrete – 7, 14 &28 Days Curing Cocunu t husk fibre Trial s Load s in Averag e load Compressiv e strength Load s in Averag e load Compressiv e strength Load s in Averag e load Compressiv e strength kN kN (N/mm2 ) kN kN (N/mm2 ) kN kN (N/mm2 ) 7 days 14 days 28 days 0% 1 400 400 17.77 520 510 22.66 700 696.7 30.962 390 500 690 3 410 510 700 2% 1 400 393.3 17.5 530 536.7 23.85 700 710 31.552 380 530 710 3 400 550 720 4% 1 410 400 17.77 540 523.3 23.26 700 700 31.112 400 520 710 3 390 510 690 6% 1 380 370 16.44 510 480 21.33 680 683.3 30.372 370 470 700 3 360 460 670 8% 1 350 353.3 15.7 440 426.7 18.96 680 673.3 29.922 370 410 660 3 340 430 650 Figure 2 Compressive strength of the coir fibre concrete 7, 14 & 28 Days Curing 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 28 Days 30.96 31.55 31.11 30.37 29.92 14 Days 22.66 23.85 23.26 21.33 18.96 7 Days 17.77 17.50 17.77 16.44 15.70 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Compressivestrength Compressive Strength of M30 Concrete
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  Experimental Study onBehavior of Coir Fibre Reinforced Concrete http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 146 [email protected] 3.2. Split Tensile Strength of Coir Fibre Concrete Cylinder The cylindrical specimen is placed horizontally between the loading surfaces of a compression testing machine. Narrow packing strips of suitable material such as plywood is used to reduce the high compression stresses. The load is applied without shock and increasing continuously at a rate of the specimen. The load is increased till the specimen fails and the continuous load applied to the specimen during the test is recorded, the figure 3 shows the split tensile testing machine for the concrete cylinder. Figure 3 Split tensile testingmachine for the concrete Cylinder. The spilt tensile strength is done with cylinder and with the same percentage of fibres, in the table 5 the split tensile strength of the concrete is calculated with the cylinder formula2P/πDL and graph is plotted with the split tensile strength vs. Fibre percentage. From the figure 2, the observation of the graph shows that the less percentage of Fibre mixes increases the split tensile strength of the concrete. Table 5 Split Tensile Strength of M30 Concrete – 7, 14 &28 Days Curing Coconut husk fibre Load Split tensile strength Load Split tensile strength Load Split tensile strength kN (N/mm2 ) kN (N/mm2 ) kN (N/mm2 ) 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days 0% 110 1.56 150 2.12 200 2.83 2% 120 1.70 170 2.4 230 3.25 4% 100 1.41 160 2.26 210 2.97 6% 90 1.27 140 1.98 190 2.69 8% 60 0.85 120 1.7 160 2.26 Figure 4 Split Tensile strength of the coirfibre concrete – 7, 14 &28 Days Curing 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 7 Days 1.56 1.7 1.41 1.27 0.85 14 Days 2.12 2.4 2.26 1.98 1.7 28 Days 2.83 3.25 2.97 2.69 2.26 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 SplitTensileStrength Split Tensile Strength of M30 of Concrete
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  S. Sastha ArumugaPandi, S. Yamini Roja, G. Jenitha and K. Alagusankareswari http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 147 [email protected] 4. CONCLUSION Thus, Fibre reinforce concrete used as high tensile strength than normal methods used in the fields. So based on the above results. We conclude the Natural fibre concrete as high compressive strength compared than OPC. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the concrete increase simultaneously on the addition of artificial fiber than the conventional concrete. Further addition of coconut husk fiber tends to reduce the workability and compressive strength of concrete. While in addition of coconut husk fibre the maximum compressive strength of 31.55 N/mm2 is observed at 2% of addition of fibre and increase in compressive strength is 1.90% than the conventional concrete. REFERENCES [1] Aisswarya, R., Venkatesan, G., Rukesh, A. R., Kirubanandan, Jenitha. G., An Experimental Study on The Behaviour of Concrete by Addition of Bamboo as Fibre and Comparing it with the Conventional Concrete, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(53), 2015, pp.207-212. [2] Aisswarya, R., Venkatesan, G., Regupathi, R., Jenitha, G., Effect of copper slag and recycled aggregate in the behaviour of concrete composite, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(53), 2015, pp.117-121 [3] Satyanarayana, K.G., Sukumaran S., Pavithran C., and Pillai, S.G.K., Natural Fibre Polymer Composites Cement and Concrete Composites, 1990, 12-2, 77-148. [4] Sivaraja, M., Kandasamy, N., Velmani M., and Sudhakaran Pillai. M., Study on Durability Of Natural Fibre Concrete Composites Using Mechanical Strength And Microstructural Properties, Indian Academy of Sciences, 2010, 33(6),719-729. [5] Jenitha, G., Alagusankareswari, K., Shenbagavalli, M., Sastha Arumuga Pandi, S., “Experimental Study on Behavior of Recron Fibre Reinforced Concrete”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 2016, 7(12), 1137-1140. [6] IS 456:2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete [7] IS 2386: Part 1 Method of Test For Aggregate For Concrete [8] IS10262:2009 Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines. [9] IS 4031 Part 4 Methods Of Physical Tests For Hydraulic Cement (Determination Of Consistency Of Standard Cement Paste). [10] IS 4031 Part 5 Methods of Physical Tests For Hydraulic Cement (Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times) [11] S. Kesavraman and Dr. G. Ramakrishna, Studies on Metakaolin Based Coir Fibre Reinforced Concrete, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 5(9), 2014, pp. 190–220. [12] M. Keerthi and K. Prasanthi, Experimental Study on Coir Fibre Reinforced Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete For 10m. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(1), 2017, pp. 464–472