Impact of Climate Change on the marine fisheries of Bangladesh

Submitted By
Md. Solaiman Hossain
Roll: SH 284
M Shahanul Islam
Roll: SH 115
MS 2nd Semester
Dept. of Oceanography

SL. Section
1 Introduction
2
3 Specific Impacts
4 Resultant Impacts And Economic Losses
5 Conclusions
6 Reference

Introduction
Bangladesh is bounded by the Bay of Bengal on its
southern boundary. The coast line of the country
is approximately 710 km in length and the area of
the sea Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is
estimated to cover 200 nautical miles.
The fisheries of Bangladesh are attributed by the
nature of the water bodies of the country.
In 2009- 2010 fiscal year a total of 2.89 million metric
ton of fish were produced in the country.
Of them 17.85% of fish was produced from the sea,
while 46.62% from the inland culture sector and
35.53% from the inland capture fisheries sector.

• Average temperature has registered an increasing trend of about 1°C in
May and 0.5°C in November during the 14 –year period from 1985 to
1998.
• The annual mean rainfall has been increasing and decadal rain anomalies
have exceeded the long-term average since 1960s.
• Serious and recurring floods have taken place during 2002, 2003 and 2004.
Cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal have been noted to decrease
since 1970 but the intensity has increased.
• Frequency of monsoon depressions and cyclone formation in the Bay of
Bengal has increased.
• Salt water from the Bay of Bengal is reported to have penetrated 100 km or
more inland along tributary channels during the dry season.

Erratic and irregular rainfall & temperature change
will affect maturity and gonad development of
fishes
Higher water temperature may bring changes in
– physiology and sex ratios of fished species,
– altered timing of spawning,
– migrations, and/or
– changes in timing and levels of productivity
– increased invasive species
– diseases and algal blooms.

– change in species composition
– change in distribution of species
– clear change in seasonal abundance of individual fish.
Result:
a change in fish culture practices in the affected
areas.

• change in habitat quality
• natural habitats being destroyed.
• destroy breeding sites.
• reduced productivity
• change in migration pattern
Alteration of marine ecosystems due to climate
change has both effects on
fish – their and
.

On the basis of different vulnerability indicators for accelerated
sea level rise, in 1986, WHOI produced a list of 27 low-lying
countries.
The Bay of Bengal acts as
– a funnel for storm events,
– creating severe storm surges.
These sea level above and devastate a
coast like that of Bangladesh.
• The Sundarbans can be wiped out by a in sea level.5
BoB

• Loss of the Sundarbans would be catastrophic
– of heritage, of biodiversity,
– of fisheries resources,
– of life and livelihoods and
– of a very high productive ecosystem.
• Sea level rise can decrease availability of
and thereby their growth.
• It can St. Martin’s island, the only highly
productive coral island of Bangladesh.

Environment
Fisheries
Livelihood

• In vulnerability study of 132 national economies to
potential climate change impacts on their capture
fisheries using an indicator-based approach found
Bangladesh and three others in the most vulnerable
category among the tropical Asian countries.4
• Some research found that this vulnerability was due to
the of
– predicted warming
– the relative importance of fisheries to national economies
and diets
– limited societal capacity to adapt to potential impacts and
opportunities.

After Effects
Coastal people’s income vulnerability:
– The salinity intrusion shall have impact on land.
– Increase in shrimp culture
– disease will appear and
– destroy the corps in future.

Change in of
important species:
• Migratory routes of species may change like
Tuna and Catadromous Hilsha and Bagda
chingri.
• change in food chain.
• change in the location of the fishing grounds
will also occur.

Example:
• Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is the national fish of Bangladesh. It accounts for
13-14 percent (valued at around Tk 6000 million, 1.3 % of GDP) of the total
fish production of Bangladesh.
• During the last two decades hilsa production from inland waters declined
about 20 percent, whereas marine water yield increased threefold.
• Major hilsa catch has gradually shifted from inland to marine waters.
• Recent studies reveal that the availability of hilsa is gradually declining in
the Padma and Meghna river catchment areas.
• Result: hilsa production in the rivers has been going down, while that in
marine waters has been going up.

• Similar conditions might occur for other
marine fish/shrimp species, but no study has
yet been carried out in Bangladesh.

• Due to change in precipitation,
– more droughts or floods, and
– less predictable wet/dry seasons
There will be reduced opportunities:
– for farming, fishing and
– aquaculture as part of rural livelihood systems,
– damage to productive assets (fish ponds, rice fields,
etc.) and homes;
– and reduced ability to plan seasonal livelihood
activities.

Due to sea level rise and increased frequency of
storms, there will be changes
• in coastal profile
• loss of harbors and homes
Livelihood will be greatly affected for coastal fisher
communities due to fewer days at sea and
increased risk of accidents as well as damages to
– aquaculture installations (shrimp hatchery).
– Costs of adaptation will increase and
– may make fishing less profitable.

Due to
– increased rainfall
water logged areas will be expanded specially in
the coastal polders.
This will reduce
resultant in loss of production and income of
farmers.

Cyclone SIDR caused significant damages to
fisheries production.
The preliminary , for
the crops, livestock, and fisheries, is reported by
Government of Bangladesh as around
Because the agriculture sector of
private farmers and fishers, with few exceptions,
almost all the damage and loss occurred in the
.

• Governmental approach
• NGO activities
• Researcher’s involvement
• Awareness

References:
1. IPCC. (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability.
Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
2. UNDP, 2004. A Global Report: Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for
Development. http://www.undp.org/bcpr.
3. Gaughan, J.B., Lacetera, N., Valtorta, S.E., Khalifa, H.H., Hahn, G.L. and Mader, T.L.
(2009). ‘Adaptive responses of domestic (farm animals) to climate challenges’. In:
G.R. McGregor, R. de Dear, K.L. Ebi, D. Scott, S. Sheridan and M.D. Schwartz
(eds.), iometeorology for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change, 1 ed., pp.
131-170. Germany: Springer.
4. Edward H. Allison, Allison L. Perry, Marie-Caroline Badjeck, W. Neil Adger, Katrina
Brown, Declan Conway, Ashley S. Halls, Graham M. Pilling, John D. Reynolds, Neil
L. Andrew & Nicholas K. Dulvy. (2009). ‘Vulnerability of national economies to
the impacts of climate change on fisheries’. Fish and Fisheries, 10:173–196.
5. World Bank, 2000. Bangladesh. Climate Change & Sustainable Development.
Report No. 21104 BD, Dhaka.

Impact of Climate Change on the marine fisheries of Bangladesh

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