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Importance of communication in public health.pptx
- 1. Importance of communication in publichealth Dr. Chirag R Sonkusare Dr. Aswyn J Kunnungal 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 1
- 2. Specific Learning objectives 1. Introduction 2. Communicationprocess 3. Types of communications 4. Functions of communications 5. Health education a. Aim b. Role of health care provider c. Approach d. Model e. Contents f. Principles 6. Methods of communications 7. Levels of communication 8. Barriers to communication 9. Application of health communication 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 2
- 3. 1. Introduction Communication- • "Tothe countless ways that humans have of keeping in touch with one another“ • Not mere exchange of information. • It is a process necessary to pave way for desired changes in human behavior, and informed individual and community participation to achieve predetermined goals. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 3
- 4. 2. The CommunicationProcess Sender Message Channel Receiver Feedback 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 4
- 5. 3. Types of communication 8/28/20226:09 AM 5
- 6. a. One way communication (Didacticmethod) 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 6
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- 9. d. Nonverbal communication 8/28/20226:09 AM 9
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- 11. f. Visual communication 8/28/20226:09 AM 11
- 12. g. Telecommunication andinternet 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 12
- 13. Functions of health communications • Information •Education • Motivation • Persuasion • Counselling • Raising morals • Health development • Organization 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 13
- 14. Health Education John M Last- "The process by which individuals and groups of people learn to behave in a manner conducive to the promotion, maintenance or restoration of health“ National Conference on Preventive Medicine in USA - "Health education is a process that informs, motivates and helps people to adopt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal and conducts professional training and research to the same end“ Lawrence W Green – “ Any combination of learning opportunities designed to facilitate voluntary adoption of behaviour which will improve or maintain health” Alma Ata - "a process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health, and to seek help when needed" 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 14
- 15. Aims • To encouragepeople to adopt and sustain health promoting lifestyle and practices • To promote the proper use of health services available to them • To arouse interest, provide new knowledge, improve skills and change attitudes in making rational decisions to solve their own problems • To stimulate individual and community self-reliance and participation to achieve health development through individual and community involvement at every step from identifying problems to solving them. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 15
- 16. Role of healthcare providers provide opportunitiesfor people to learn how to identify and analyze health and health related problems, and how to set their own targets and priorities Provide make health and health related information easily accessible to the community Make indicate to the people alternative solutions for solving the health and health-related problems they have identified Indicate people must have access to proven preventive measures. Have 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 16
- 17. Approach to health education Regulatory approach(Managed Prevention) Service approach Health education approach Primary health care approach 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 17
- 18. Models of HealthEducation • Medical model • Motivation model • Social intervention model 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 18
- 19. Contents of Health Education 1.Human biology 2. Nutrition 3. Hygiene 4. Family health 5. Disease prevention and control 6. Mental health 7. Prevention of accidents 8. Use of health services 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 19
- 20. Principles of Health Education 1.Credibility 2. Interest 3. Participation 4. Motivation 5. Comprehension 6. Reinforcement 7. Learning by doing 8. Known to unknown 9. Setting an example 10. Good human relations 11. Feedback 12. Leaders 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 20
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- 22. Audio-visual Aids Audio-visual Aids AuditoryAids Visual Aids Combined AV aids Television, sound films (Cinema), slide- tape combination Radio,tape-recorder, microphones, amplifiers, earphones Not requiring projection Chalk board, poster etc Requiring projection Slides, film strips 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 22
- 23. Individual approach Groupapproach Mass approach Health Communication Personal contact Home visits Personal letters Lectures Demonstrations Discussion methods - Group discussion - Panel discussion - Symposium - Workshop - Conferences - Seminars - Role play Television Radio News paper Printed material Direct mailing Posters Health museums and exhibitions Folk methods Internet 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 23
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- 32. Conference & Seminar 8/28/20226:09 AM 32
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- 34. 7. Levels of impactof communication • Individual • Social network • Organizations • Community • Society 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 34
- 35. Individual • Most fundamentaltarget for health-related change • It is individual behaviours that affect health status • Communication can affect individual’s- • Awareness • Knowledge • Attitudes • self-efficiency • Skills for behaviour change. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 35
- 36. The social network •An individual’s relationships and the groups to which an individual belongs can have a significant impact on his or her health. • Health communication programs can work to shape the information a group receives and may attempt to change communication pattern or content. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 36
- 37. The Organization • Organizations includeformal group with a defined structure, such as associations, clubs, and civic groups; worksites, schools, primary healthcare settings, and retailers • Organizations can carry health messages to their membership, provide support for individual efforts, and make policy changes that enable individual change. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 37
- 38. The community • The collectivewell-being of communities can be fostered by creating structures and policies that support healthy lifestyles and by reducing or eliminating hazards in social and physical environments. • Community-level initiatives are planned and led by organizations and institutions that can influence health-schools, worksites, healthcare settings, community groups, and government agencies. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 38
- 39. The society • Societyhas many influences on individual behavior, including norms and values, attitudes and opinions, laws and policies, and the physical, economic, cultural, and information environments. • Health communication alone, however, cannot change systemic problems related to health, such as poverty, environmental degradation, or lack of access to healthcare, but comprehensive health communication programs should include a systematic exploration of all the factors that contribute to health and the strategies that could be used to influence these factors. • Well-designed health communication activities can help individuals better understand their own and their communities' needs so that they can take appropriate actions to maximize health. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 39
- 40. 8. Barriers tocommunication Communication is not adequate if the message the sender wishes to convey is not identical to what is actually understood by the receiver. 1. Physical barriers a) Physiological b) Psychological 2. Linguistic barriers 3. Cultural barriers 4. Semantic barriers 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 40
- 41. Physical barriers • Physical barriers:Faulty equipment, surrounding noise, closed doors, poor lighting, etc. can act as physical barriers. • Physiological -difficulties in hearing, expression, and delivery of speech • Psychological -emotional disturbances, neurosis, levels of intelligence, language, or comprehension difficulties 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 41
- 42. Linguistic barriers • India isa land of many languages and dialects. • Differences in knowledge and understanding of these between the sender and the receiver of the message can act as a barrier. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 42
- 43. Cultural barriers • Ethnic, religiousand social differences can act as another barrier. • How one greets another person on meeting is mostly a cultural phenomenon specific to the culture. • For example, a handshake between a man and a woman may be alright in some cultural contexts but may be considered highly offensive in another. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 43
- 44. Semantic barriers • This occursdue to the difference in interpretation of meanings of words in messages. • There are various contributors to semantic barriers, viz. allness, levels of abstraction, tendency to judge, snap judgement, misuse of language, etc • Even when health services are readily available, the social and cultural barriers can present serious problems to the achievement of health behavior change. • These barriers should be identified and removed. 1. “The research lead to the discovery of lead” 2. What is the value of this phone 3. I Value our friendship 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 44
- 45. 9. Application of health communication 1.IEC 2. BCC 3. SBCC 4. Interpersonal communication 5. Group communication 6. Mass media 7. New information technologies 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 45
- 46. IEC • It aimsto generate specific awareness to target audiences. • IEC is usually done for all health programs in three stages. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 46
- 47. BCC- behavioral change communication •Attempts to generate awareness among targeted recipients with an ultimate aim to change their behavior. • BCC may be positive for health promoting habits and attitude or negative for harmful attitudes and habits 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 47
- 48. SBCC • Social BCC(SBCC) is an interactive, researched, planned and strategic process with the aim to change social conditions and individual behaviors. • The "C-planning" communication planning model is strongly related to socioecological model where first step of C-planning is drawn from the socioecological model. • It emphasizes on identification of barriers and facilitator of change as well as their indirect and underlying causes in terms of "understanding the situation". 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 48
- 49. Interpersonal communication -one-to- one dialogue-based communication. Group communication- groupdiscussions and street plays Mass media -TV, radio, and newspapers. New information technologies -social media platforms using mobile phones. 8/28/2022 6:09 AM 49
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