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INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING PLC
The document outlines the role of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) in industrial automation, emphasizing their ability to automate processes and improve efficiency and safety. It details the components and operation of PLCs, as well as their applications across various industries, highlighting both advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion notes the growing significance of PLCs in achieving full automation in manufacturing and control tasks.
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An overview of industrial automation focusing on PLC, introducing types, components, and development.
Automation delegation of tasks to technology for productivity, safety; types include building, office, scientific, light, and industrial.
Industrial automation involves computerized control for manufacturing, evolving from manual to PLC controls.
PLC automates processes and reduces human effort, enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and reducing costs.
Details the major components of PLC: input/output modules, CPU, memory, power supply, and programming devices.
Describes PLC operation involving status checks, program execution, and output status update using ladder logic.
Introduces ladder logic as a programming language for PLCs, showcasing elements and an example of operations.
Lists various industries like manufacturing, food, textile, aerospace, demonstrating diverse applications of PLCs.
Highlights benefits of PLCs like productivity increase, quality improvement, and suitability for hazardous environments.
Discusses limitations of PLCs including high costs, proprietary nature, and impact on unemployment.
Summarizes the growth and versatility of PLCs in automation from simple controls to complex manufacturing processes.
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INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING PLC
- 1.
- 2. CONTENTS • AUTOMATION • TYPESOF AUTOMATION • INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION • DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL SYSTEM • WHAT IS PLC • WHY PLC? • COMPONENTS OF PLC • PLC OPERATION • PLC PROGRAMMING • APPLICATIONS • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES • CONCLUSION
- 3. AUTOMATION Automation isbasically the delegation of human control functions to technical equipment aimed towards achieving: Higher productivity. Superior quality of end product. Efficient usage of energy and raw materials. Improved safety in working conditions etc.
- 4. TYPES OF AUTOMATION Building automation Example: lifts, smoke detectors Office automation Example: printers, cctv cameras Scientific automation Example: rocket launching Light automation Example: street solar lightening Industrial automation Example: automated bottle filling stations , steel factories etc
- 5. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION Theuse of Computerized or robotic devices to complete manufacturing tasks. PLANT FIELD INSTRUMENT CONTROL SYSTEM HARDWARE CONTROL SOFTWARE CONTROL
- 6. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLSYSTEM Manual control Pneumatic control Hard wired logic control Electronics control PLC control.
- 7. PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER) Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer that monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program and controls outputs to automate a process or machine. The automation of many different processes, such as controlling machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small computers called a programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
- 8. WHY PLC? Toreduce human efforts . To get maximum efficiency from machine and control them with human logic . To reduce complex circuitry of entire system . To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled systems.
- 9. UNDERSTANDING OF PLC(Example ) Machine can be controlled by PLC without human efforts
- 10. MAJOR COMPONENTS OFA PLC PROCESSOR POWER SUPPLY I M N O P D U U T L E O M U O T D P U U L T E PROGRAMMING DEVICE From SENSORS Pushbuttons, contacts, limit switches, etc. To OUTPUT Solenoids, contactors, alarms etc.
- 11. PLC INPUT OUTPUT PUSH BUTTONS 1.INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a logic signal Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons. 2. OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that can be used by actuators. Ex. : lamps, alarm. COMPONENTS (INPUT /OUTPUT)
- 12. 3. CENTRAL PROCESSINGUNIT(CPU) It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC systems The CPU consists of following blocks : Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Internal memory of CPU Internal timers ,counters and Flags . The various operations performed are : Scanning I/O bus traffic control, Program execution, Peripheral and External device communication, Data handling and self diagnostics. PROCESSOR 4. MEMORY is the component that stores information, programs and data in a PLC. COMPONENTS (CPU ,MEMORY) Types of memories used in PLCs are read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
- 13. 5. POWER SUPPLY Providesthe voltage needed to run the primary PLC components. POWER SUPPLY 6. PROGRAMMING DEVICE The programming terminal is used for programming the PLC and monitoring/sequencing PLCs operation. PROGRAMMING DEVICE COMPONENTS (POWER SUPPLY, PROGRAMMING DEVICE)
- 14. CHECK INPUTSTATUS First the PLC takes a look at each I/O to determine if it is on or off. EXECUTE PROGRAM Next the PLC executes the program one instruction at a time. UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs .It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step. PLC OPERATION
- 15. Ladder logic isa programming language used to develop software for PLC used in industrial control applications. RUNGES RAIL RAIL PLC PROGRAMMING
- 16. ELEMENTS OF LADDERLOGIC NORMALLY OPEN NORMALLY CLOSED (CONTACT) (CONTACT) COILS
- 17. LADDER LOGIC EXAMPLE OROPERATION A B C In the above diagram, it can be seen that either input A or B is be true (1), or both are true, then the output C is true (1).
- 18. Manufacturing /Machining Food / Beverage Textile Industry Travel Industry Aerospace Printing Industry AREAS OF APPLICATION
- 19. Replacing HumanOperators Dangerous Environments Beyond Human Capabilities Fast Easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language. Improves Productivity Improves Quality ADVANTAGES
- 20. PLC DevicesAre Proprietary Initial Costs Are High There's Too Much Work Required In Connecting Wires Unemployment Rate Increases DISADVANTAGES
- 21. The PLChave in recent years experienced an unprecedented growth as universal element in industrial automation . It can be effectively used in applications ranging from simple control like replacing a small number of relays to complex automation problems. Today the PLCs are used for control & automation job in a single machine & it increases up to full automation of manufacturing / testing process in a factory. CONCLUSION