Downloaded 143 times
Uploaded byLionel Wolberger
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a global event between 1700-1914 that saw significant changes across multiple scales. Population growth was uneven, with growth in Europe and European-descended populations in North America and increased migrations. Cities grew rapidly in size, and the most populous cities began shifting from Asian to European cities. Wealth and economic power also shifted from Asia to Western Europe and North America as their percentage of global GDP increased. The use of fossil fuels to power new steam engines and machinery enabled more efficient production and transportation, changing global economic relationships and interactions.
More Related Content
![Red Star Over China (Speaker: Vincent Lee Kwun-leung) [Part 2]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/redstaroverchinapart2-140319210721-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
- 1. Organizing CEs for Instruction:Era 6 -The Industrial Revolution as a Global Event Craig Benjamin (GVSU) With special thanks and acknowledgement to Bob Bain and Lauren McArthur Harris (The University of Michigan)
- 2. Key Questions • Howdo we organize for instruction global, multi-scaled content expectations? • How do we re-purpose lessons and resources?
- 3. Goals for ThisSession • Organize Era 6 for instruction, as an example of what can/should be done with other eras • Acquire/create/re-purpose teachable materials
- 4. Approaches to theIndustrial Revolution & Industrialism • Textbooks: How does the textbook “represent” the Industrial Revolution? What do you see? What don’t you see? - Beck: regional to national to local (Manchester) to multi- regional to global impact, side boxes: more global in scope. Last chapter in section: politics, economics. Many activities and questions connected to today. Majority regional (Europe); time frame 1800-1900
- 5. Approaches to theIndustrial Revolution & Industrialism contd - Spielvogel: zooms in on England and the region, argues that industrialization leads to Western domination and nationalization; starts with England and Europe, moves out to Africa (imperialism) and then to Japan and China; zooms in on two people (England and Germany) describing conditions; connecting economic revolution to other institutions - Stearns: regional perspective, distinct temporal breaks; “western civ. plus”; two paragraphs on U.S.; six sentences on Asia; all images are of Europe. Spread: why some areas and not others (talks about scholars’ ideas); more time spent on life on industrial life (regional); “tease” at the beginning of section about spreading to the rest of the world
- 6. Approaches to theIndustrial Revolution & Industrialism – David Christian’s Approach • This Fleeting World: How does the David Christian “represent” the Industrial Revolution? What do you see? What don’t you see? – Christian: Industrialism is multi-causal; part of modernity; focuses on global story but then looks at many regions (Russia, Japan); shows inter-regionalism; follows some commodities; shows increase in Europe’s GDP at “expense” of China & Asia
- 7. David Christian’s Approachcontd – happens over three temporal patterns (“waves”); multi- time; multi-space; fewer names; more on inventions; connects to other contexts, (e.g. spread of ideas, gives theory for Europe’s increase in power); yet, not mentioning certain stories, or omits end to other stories – identifies historical interpretation, and historical disagreements; yet he is also making an interpretation, and presenting an argument; opportunity to explore economic relationship ; his thought experiments are creating “relevance” ; not isolated issue, but enhances global interactions; diffusion of ideas, inventions that “fueled” Industrialism existed “outside” Europe; extends to Imperialism, democracy, etc.
- 8. Models of howthe WHGCEs Treat the Relationship Between Industrialism, Politics and Europe’s Rise to Global Domination
- 9. Components of Imperialism,Industrialism and National and Political Revolts
- 10. Break Down ofIndustrialism
- 12. NOW … AGLOBAL STORY for ERA SIX (1700-1914)
- 13. The Industrial Revolutionas a Global Event • How did life change between 1700 and 1914? • What explains the changes? What are plausible, though possibly competing, explanations? • Evaluate the merits of arguments holding that changes in Europe’s relative strength in the world was byproduct of factors “internal” to Europe or “external” Europe.
- 14. Now Consider thefollowing: What do you make of these “facts?” What surprises you? What supports what you’ve always known? What challenges what you’ve always known?
- 15. Fact 1: Considerpopulation …. or demography …
- 16. 16 World Population, 400BCE - 2000 CE
- 17. 17 But the growth wasnot equal everywhere! 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 1750 1850 1900 Millions World Population Growth in Era Six
- 18. Population of India,China & Europe, 1400- 2000
- 19. 19 Year Population in Millions %of World Population 1750 141 19.3 1850 292 25.0 1900 482 30.0 World Population of People of European Descent in Europe, the United States, and Canada For example, the population of European descent in these three regions grew significantly between 1750 and 1900.
- 20. What explains suchgrowth? What would you expect happened to enable such growth?
- 21. 21 Not only wasthe human population growing, it was moving across and within continents.
- 22. 22 Microsoft® Encarta® ReferenceLibrary 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Migration from Europe from 1750 or earlier
- 23. 23 Microsoft® Encarta® ReferenceLibrary 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Continuing Atlantic slave trade after 1750
- 24. 24 Microsoft® Encarta® ReferenceLibrary 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Labor migration from Asia mainly after 1750
- 25. 25 Major Global Migrations Europeansoverseas including Siberia 1820-1930 55-60,000,000 Africans to the Americas 1811-1870 1,900,000 Asians overseas 1850-1920 2,500,000
- 26. Migrations, 1700-1940 • Source:Patrick Manning, Migration in World History (New York: Routledge, 2005), 146 • Note: Boxes show millions of departures; circles show arrivals • Africans (1650-1940), Europeans (1840-1940), Indians (1840-1940), Chinese (1840-1940)
- 27. What surprises you?What challenges your understanding? What do you think explains such movement? What would you expect happened to enable such shifts in population?
- 28. Consider changes incities …
- 29. 29 Growth of thePopulation of Boston 1690 - 7,000 1790 - 18,038 1900 - 560,892 158% 3,010%
- 30. 30 Growth of thePopulation of Detroit 1870 – 79,577 1900 – 265,000 1930 -1,500,000 233% 466%
- 31. Most Populous Cities,1500 Name Population 1 Beijing, China 672,000 2 Vijayanagar, India 500,000 3 Cairo, Egypt 400,000 4 Hangzhou, China 250,000 5 Tabriz, Iran 250,000 6 Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey 200,000 7 Gaur, India 200,000 8 Paris, France 185,000 9 Guangzhou, China 150,000 10 Nanjing, China 147,000
- 32. Most Populous Cities,1800 Name Population 1 Beijing, China 1,100,000 2 London, United Kingdom 861,000 3 Guangzhou, China 800,000 4 Edo (Tokyo), Japan 685,000 5 Constantinople (Istanbul), Turkey 570,000 6 Paris, France 547,000 7 Naples, Italy 430,000 8 Hangzhou, China 387,000 9 Osaka, Japan 383,000 10 Kyoto, Japan 377,000
- 33. Most Populous Cities,1900 Name Population 1 London, United Kingdom 6,480,000 2 New York, United States 4,242,000 3 Paris, France 3,330,000 4 Berlin, Germany 2,707,000 5 Chicago, United States 1,717,000 6 Vienna, Austria 1,698,000 7 Tokyo, Japan 1,497,000 8 St. Petersburg, Russia 1,439,000 9 Manchester, United Kingdom 1,435,000 10 Philadelphia, United States 1,418,000
- 34. What surprises you?What challenges your understanding? What do you think explains such movement? What would you expect happened to enable such shifts in population?
- 35. Fact 2: Considerchanges in wealth and power …
- 36. 36 $0.00 $500,000.00 $1,000,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $2,000,000.00 $2,500,000.00 $3,000,000.00 1700 1820 18701913 The Modern Revolution meant powerful economic growth in the world as a whole. World Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Dollars as valued in 1990
- 37. Estimated World Income, 1000BCE-2000 CE (Per Capita) Source: Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms a Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 2
- 38. 38 Powerful, but not equal. The countries whichmodernized first used it to their advantage.
- 39. 39 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1700 1820 18701913 Eur./N.A Asia Percentage of World GDP Western Europe and North America vs. Asia The Modern Revolution shifted the world’s economic center.
- 40. Share of WorldGDP 1700-1890
- 41. Share of ManufacturingOutput, 1750-1900
- 42. Real Wages, EnglishLaborers 1209-1809 Source: Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms a Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 41
- 43. Real Income inEngland 1260-2000 Source: Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms a Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 195
- 44. Comparative Income PerCapita,1800-2000 Source: Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms a Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 321
- 45. What surprises you?What challenges your understanding? What do you think explains such changes?
- 46. 46 But a growing populationmeant that human need for resources—for energy—was growing, too. And humans dealt with this need by using fossil fuels. Watch!
- 47. 47 5 watts Small waxcandle, 800 BCE
- 48. 48 Parson’s turbine, 1884CE 100,000 watts
- 49. 49 Fact 3: TheFossil Fuel Revolution The biological old regime ends when vast new sources of energy come into use: Coal Electricity Gas Petroleum Nuclear
- 50. 50 By taking energy fromfossil fuels like coal instead of biomass like wood…
- 51. 52 and with better andbetter steam engines to harness coal’s energy…
- 52. 53 Power loom weaving Lancashire,1835 People could produce more efficiently.
- 53. 54 In Britain coalmines were close to factories and cities. In China coal mines were far from factories and cities. How might history have been different if Britain’s coal mines had been located, say, in the Carpathian Mountains of southeastern Europe.?
- 54. 56 Robert Fulton’s Clermont steamship1807 And travel more quickly.
- 55. 57 George Stephenson’s “Rocket” steamlocomotive 1829 And travel more quickly
- 56.
- 57. 59 The Industrial Revolution Fossil fuelenergy in production and transportation
- 58. 60 The Industrial Revolution allowedfor new global economic relationships.
- 59. 61 Cotton exports fromagrarian economies to industrial economies Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
- 60. 62 Textile exports fromindustrial to agrarian economies Microsoft® Encarta® Reference Library 2002 © 1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
- 61. 63 Old limits onhow much energy people could use were gone! And in Era Six people tore down other limits too…
- 62. 64 Sounds great! But what did governmentsneed to do to make these ideas work? Fact 4: New economic ideas • People should be able to buy and sell land freely. • People should be able to buy and sell labor freely. • People should be able to buy and sell goods freely.
- 63. 65 Improve public health. Build railroads,ports, and telegraphs. Standardize weights and measures.
- 64.
- 65. 67 In Era Six, governmentplayed a greater role than ever before in people’s lives. And while that happened, people’s ideas about government changed, too!
- 66. 68 People moved morequickly. Ideas moved more quickly.
- 67.
- 68. 70 The Speed Revolution Onehour of optimum travel: Walking - 5 km Horse-drawn coach - 10 km Railway locomotive (1847) - 96 km Normannia steamship (1890) - 40 km French rapid train - 297 km Jet plane - 1000 km
- 69.
- 70. 72 Railway Development inEurope 1880
- 71. 73 Railway Construction inIndia 1853-1931
- 72. 74 India, 1877 After theModern Revolution, much more food went on the world market…
- 73. 75 India, 1877 … andit was often shipped to where it got the highest price,
- 74. 76 not to whereit was needed most.
- 75. 77 And industrial technology could beused not only to create, but to destroy.
- 76. 78 And more ofthe world was colonized than ever before.
- 77. 79 Battle of Omdurman,Sudan, 1898 Sudanese dead, 10,000 British dead, 48
- 78. 80 Fact 6: TheEuropean Moment Land surface of the world controlled by Europeans: •1800 35% •1878 67% •1914 84% But . . . duration of European world domination in the past 2000 years: 80 yrs
- 79.
- 80. 82 People who traveled tolearn about one part of the Modern Revolution, like fossil fuels,….
- 81. 83 also learned aboutthe democratic part of the Modern Revolution.
- 82. 84 And they didn’tkeep the ideas to themselves. They communicated them, because it was all part of the package.
- 83. What surprises you?What challenges your understanding? What scale have we been working? Might you use any of this with students? How?
- 84. Fact 7: Considerchanges in social situations …
- 85. Comparative Activity • Throughhistory, children had always labored. Yet, today child labor is outlawed, or severely outlawed in many countries in the world. • When did this happen? Where did it happen? • Why then? Why there? • Why do you think child labor would become a public issue when it did?
- 86. Comparative Activity • Usethe following documents to develop a theory about restrictions on child labor, particularly their timing and location. • That is, if children had always labored in history, where were some places that were outlawing or restricting child labor? Why there? Why then?
- 87. Age of Workersin England
- 88.
- 89.
- 90.
- 91.
- 92.
- 93. Return to AThought Experiment We Considered Last Time Think of how early 20th century industrialism might look at: • Local level (Detroit area) • Mid-regional level (Midwest) • National level (U.S.A.) • Hemispheric level (Western) • Global • What changes at each of these levels? • What details are added or removed? • How are they connected (nested)? • At what level does this topic become world history?
- 94. The Industrial Revolutionas a Global Event • How did life change between 1700 and 1914? • What explains the changes? What are plausible, though possibly competing, explanations? • Evaluate the merits of arguments holding that changes in Europe’s relative strength in the world was byproduct of factors “internal” to Europe or “external” Europe.
- 95. Michigan's Content Expectations •Use Era 6 as an example of how to organize your courses • Identify the CEs that pertain to Industrialism and the Industrial Revolution (circle relevant ones) • Ask what are the key ideas or concepts? • Think about: - how you would teach these - materials you would use use (i.e. how would you use your school’s textbook?) Then design your courses accordingly Write around and discussion next!
Editor's Notes
- #2 9:00-9:10Introductions, Overview of the day (Lauren) 9:10-10:00 Problem framing (Bob) 10:00-10:15Beginning the Map Era 6 in Michigan’s World History and Geography Content Expectations (Lauren) 10:15-10:30 Break 10:30-12:00 Examining Resources that Tell a Global Story (WHFUA PowerPoint, texts) Continuing to Map Era 6 (Lauren) 12:00-12:45 LUNCH 12:45-1:45 The Industrial Revolution as a Global Phenomenon (Bob) 1:45-2:00 Break 2:00-2:45 The Industrial Revolution as a Global Phenomenon (continued) (Bob) 2:45-3:00 Wrap-up: Next Steps (Lauren/Amy)
- #3 Lauren
- #4 (Lauren) Justification for choosing era Over the sessions you should have a really clear grasp of organizing for instruction, for blocking out lessons, using and finding resources Next session: political revolutions and nationalism Third session: Imperialism
- #14 (Bob)
- #18 .
- #37 Chart data adapted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 261.
- #40 Chart data adapted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 263.
- #48 http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/Shared/News2000/Flames/candle-earth.jpg Smil Vaclav, Energy in World History (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1994), 268.
- #49 http://www-g.eng.cam.ac.uk/125/noflash/1875-1900/parsons.html Smil Vaclav, Energy in World History (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1994), 269.
- #51 Smil Vaclav, Energy in World History (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1994), 162.
- #53 Image: http://www.hw.ac.uk/mecWWW/watt.jpg
- #54 http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/core/pics/0253/img0053.jpg
- #57 http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg
- #58 http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg
- #59 Chart: Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994), 164.
- #60 British Factory: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/core/pics/0253/img0053.jpg Clermont: http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg Rocket: http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg
- #62 Encarta map, my lines.
- #66 http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/rail.html http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default-home.htm?surgeons/lister.htm~right
- #67 http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/rail.html http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/default-home.htm?surgeons/lister.htm~right
- #71 Source: Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History, 238
- #75 Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 45.
- #76 Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 45.
- #77 Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nino Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 52.
- #78 http://memory.loc.gov/master/pnp/cph/3a00000/3a03000/3a03500/3a03511u.tif
- #79 http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/1907powr.htm
- #80 http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0027379.html At the Battle of Omdurman (September 2, 1898) an army commanded by the British General Sir Horatio Kitchener defeated the army of the successor to the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad, Abdullah al-Taashi. It was a bloody demonstration of the superiority of machine guns and artillery over older weapons and marked the success of British efforts to re-conquer the Sudan. However, it was not until the Battle of Umm Diwaykarat a year later that the final Mahdist forces were defeated.
- #82 Meiji: http://perso.club-internet.fr/setzer/tokugawa/images/meiji.jpg Aleksander II: http://www.pbs.org/weta/faceofrussia/timeline/1800/img/1861.jpg. Porfirio Diaz: Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia 15th ed., v. 4 (2002), p. 70 Muhammad Ali: unknown
- #83 British Factory: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/core/pics/0253/img0053.jpg Japanese Factory: Bentley v. 2 p. 866 Clermont: http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg Rocket: http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg
- #84 Jefferson: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html Danton: Encyclopedia Americana 1999 v. 8 p. 491 Toussaint L’Ouverture: www.cobblestonepub.com/.../ ToussaintArticle.html Bolivar: Encyclopedia Americana, v. 4 (1999), p. 161
- #85 Clermont: http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg Rocket: http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg Newspaper: http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/fsa/8d22000/8d22600/8d22696u.tif Transatlantic cable: D. Christian’s Industrial Rev. ppt from Big History Course
- #96 U.S. industrialization in the first half of the 20th c. Thought Experiment on Industrial Revolution Could we see evidence of these global patterns if we only look at Detroit Industrial workforce Fossil fuels Death of biological regime Import of raw materials, export of manufactured goods International workforce Let’s zoom right into Detroit – what components of the Industrial Revolution would we see in Detroit? Would we see What if then I started with Detroit, could you start with a close up case study that would trace it out…ask the questions: why this place?
- #97 (Bob)