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Industrial Revolution
- 1. The Industrial Revolution Modernizationof the West
- 2. Critical Intro. Partner DBQgrouping and thesis 10 minutes! 2
- 3. My groupings ā¢ Naturalresources ā 1,4 ā¢ Ag. Advancements ā 7,8 ā¢ Innovation/Invention ā 3,5,6 ā¢ Pol. Econ. Reforms ā 2,9 3 ā¢ Natural resources ā 1,4 ā¢ Science/innovationā 5,7,8 ā¢ Factory system ā 3,6 ā¢ Pol. Econ. Reforms ā 2,9
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- 6. 6 Results of EnclosureAct in England
- 7. 7 Before 1750, manyEnglish villages used the open field system of farming. Each village was surrounded by a number of large fields which were divided into strips. Each farmer had a number of strips. There were also areas of 'common land'. Some of the poorest people lived entirely on the common land. However, as England's population rose, more food was needed. The open field system was not productive enough. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, some farmers, supported by the government, began the process of enclosure. Enclosure meant fencing off the land so that only one farmer had the right to raise crops there. This made the land more productive, and allowed for greater experimentation and advancements, yet enclosure often had disastrous consequences for the poor. Enclosure, despite increasing productivity, resulted in increased poverty, rural depopulation and homelessness. The Enclosure Movement in England Explain, in what ways you think the Enclosure Movement in England contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
- 8. 8 Results of EnclosureAct in England
- 9. Mankind Rev. Chap.2 āSteamā 9
- 10. I. Industrial Revolution -Indust.Rev. = Mass production of goods by machine power -Begins in late 18th cent. & carries into 20-21st cents -Pop. Shift from rural to urban -Capitalism = dominant economic system
- 11. II. New EconomicIdeas 1. Adam Smith a. wrote the book Wealth of Nations b. supported the ideas of capitalism ā free market c. explained the laissez-faire concept ā government should not get involved; owners of industry should set working conditions without interference d. encouraged competition of businesses
- 12. III. Problem withIndustrial Revolution -Not a global experience -Only 20% exposed to industrialization National Wealth Today
- 13. IV. Major Developmentsin Transportation & Communication -Railroads, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals
- 14. 15 - Railroads &Steamships (see text quests) - Mass transportation of goods by land and sea. - Impact = access of goods to more people @ lower prices = increased demand for production
- 15. 16 - Telegraph -Invented by Samuel (see text quests) Morse - 1837 - greatly improved communications between/within: - businesses, cities, countries
- 16. 17 - Canals - connectedwaterways - transported resources (coal) and finished products
- 17. V. āFossil FuelsāRevolution - Coal & oil greatly increased energy available to humans - Dev. of machines, steam engines, internal combustion engines
- 18. VI. Factory system= systematized, mechanized scale of production - Concentrated labor in single location - Increased degree of specialization
- 19. VII. Impacts ofFactory System A. Family-based cottage industries displaced. B. Harsh conditions; men competing with women & children for wages C. Child labor =costs low; profits high D. Owners = much control over workers. From thisā¦ to this
- 29. Factory life &corporations ā¢ Discuss texts quests 15-20 30
- 30. IX. Interchangeable parts āspeeds production; less skill required ā developed by Eli Whitney ā Cotton Gin - Increased demand for slaves - Rifle production also Cotton Gin
- 31. Eli Whitney andhis Cotton Gin - 1794 (December 8, 1765 ā January 8, 1825)
- 32. X. ā2nd IndustrialRevolutionā ā 1860s -Improvements in: -Steel ā Bessemer Process -Chemicals -Electricity -Precision machinery
- 33. 35 Impact of BessemerSteel Process
- 34. Rank Advancements of IndustrialRevolution 36
- 35. 37 Advancements of Industrial Revolution Discovery ofBacteria & Pasteurization: Louis Pasteur -Advanced concepts of immunization and vaccines - Pasteurization = safer foods/drinks - Advanced the Germ Theory of Disease Smallpox Vaccination: Edward Jenner Helped eradicate a disease that has afflicted human kind like no other disease in history Bessemer Steel Process: Henry Bessemer Faster, more efficient, cheaper way to refine iron into stronger steel. Demand and production of steel skyrockets; Building material of industrial age. Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney * Increased cotton processing, therefore increased supply = increased textile production in England. U.S becomes main source of British cotton. Steam Engine: James Watt * Provides the energy for industrial machines, trains & steamships. Allows factories to locate away from moving water. Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves * Greatly increased textile production; helps make Textile industry Britainās biggest industry
- 36. XI. Social Impactsof Industrial Revolution A. Most benefits = Middle class (bourgeoisie) ā bankers, merchants, factory owners B. Most growth = Working class (Proletariat) ā poor treatment & pay C. Expansion of education D. Reforms to end/limit child & womenās labor
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- 38. XII. Women inIndustrial Revolution -Early 1800ās = Equal # of women in factories. -Late 1800ās = Increased wages (more desirable to men) and labor laws restricting womenās work = more women staying home. -Domestic sphere for women develops. - Good news = increased progress towards suffrage & education.
- 39. XIII. The Riseof Labor Unions A. John Stuart Mill: Champion for reform 1. Mill stressed āUtilitarianismā = āthe greatest good for the greatest number of peopleā 2. Strikes to demand better pay & working conditions John Stuart Mill
- 40. 3. Pushed forlabor laws addressing: ā¢ Hours ā¢ Women ā¢ Children 4. Workersā rights & collective bargaining between labor & management 42
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- 42. Impacts of IndustrialRevolution ā¢ Discuss texts quests 29-33 44
- 43. XIV. Global CapitalismLed to Variety of Responses A. Resistance to Economic Change 1. Qing (initially) and Ottoman efforts to maintain preindustrial forms of production. 2. Result = reduced presence and benefit from new global economy
- 44. B. State-Sponsored Visionsof Industrialization 1. Economic Reforms of Meiji Japan a. Ag. tax increases to pay for govāt sponsored industries; then turn over to private sector. Zaibatsu system
- 45. 2. Chinaās āSelf-StrengtheningMovementā a. Strong industrialization reforms b. End of 19th century, following many defeats to Western powers c. Maintain Confucian ideals while ā¦ d. modernizing industry & military
- 46. 3. Factory andRailroad dev. in Tsarist Russia a. Abolition of serfdom b. Govāt-funded RR & factories c. Tariffs to protect Russian industry d. Gave rise to coal, iron & steel industries.
- 47. 4. Muhammad Aliindustrializes Egypt a. Ali gained autonomy (not independ.) from Ottoman Empire b. Built textile factories to compete w/ Brit. & Fr. c. Armament & ship factories also d. Westernized military & schools Muhammad Ali Controlled Egypt 1805- 1849
- 48. C. Alternative Visionsof Society 1. Utopian socialism= class struggles will lead from oppressive bourgeois to classless society.
- 49. D. Karl Marx:Marxism/Communism 1. was horrified by the injustices of capitalism 2. the proletariat (workers) should violently revolt and redistribute the wealth, creating equality. "Working men of all countries uniteā 3. State control of industry & property 4. Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote: Communist Manifesto Crash Course
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- 51. XIV. Industrial Economies,Imperialism & Nationalism A. Nationalism caused European nations to compete for colonial possessions. B. European econ., milt, & pol. power forced colonized countries to trade on European terms. C. Industrially-produced goods flooded colonial markets & displaced traditional industries. D. Colonized peoples resisted European domination & Western influences.
- 52. Type of Imperialism Examples FeaturesOutcomes Colonial Imperialism (Non-settler) - British West Africa - Belgian Congo - British India - French SE Asia - Dutch Indonesia - European military & administrators - Western ed. & pol. structure gradually replace the local culture - Often defended by claims of helping the indigenous pop. - āWhite Manās Burdenā - Exploitation of indigenous labor - Monoculture/cash crops hurts natives - Creation of non-native elite - Introduction to Western tech., and education - Imperialist countries ruled by corporations or states modeled by western policy Colonial Imperialism (Settler colonies) - British South Africa, Australia, & New Zealand - French Algeria - North America (U.S. & Canada) - Focus on control & use of land - Settlers remove or dominate the indigenous pop. - Often follows contact with sparsely pop. lands - Loss/impoverishment of indigenous culture - Forced conversion to Western business, pol. & rel. ideas - Creation of non-native elite & mixed native & non-native middle class - Often, formation of new āWesternā nations - āWhite Dominionsā (Maj. Euro.) i.e. Brit. NA, Australia Economic Imperialism (Spheres of Influence) - British in China - French in China - Europeans in Africa āScramble for Africaā - People, & raw & refined materials are main resources exploited - Cash crops and mineral resources are taken out on a large scale - Exclusive trade rights over other countries. - Social/political destabilization based on econ. exploitation - Opium Wars in China - Monoculture/cash crops hurts natives Protectorate - U.S. & Cuba - U.S. & Panama - U.S. & Philippines - Country has own govāt butā¦ - āProtectingā country guarantees and protects safety of the other. - Protecting country controls foreign affairs - favored trade status of protecting country - āProtectionā usually expands to greater level of involvement into internal affairs i.e. pol. & econ. Comparing Types of Imperialism Analysis: 1. Which type of imperialism seems the most complete? Briefly explain. 2. Identify a similar outcome between the non-settler colonies & the spheres of influence. Also, why do you think there isnāt the same outcome in settler colonies? 3. What do you think is the motivation/s (generally) for the U.S. having protectorate status over the above-listed countries? Panama more specifically?
- 53. Transnational Businesses United FruitCompany in Central Amer. Monopoly-like control over economics, production, labor & politics. āBanana Republicsā= politically unstable, export countries New Consumer Markets Brit. And Fr. Attempt to āopen upā Chinese Markets Export Economies Rubber exports from the Congo Export Economies Cotton from U.S. South Export Economies Palm Oil from W. Africa Extensive Mining Centers Gold & diamonds in South Africa Extensive Mining Centers Copper mines in Mexico Decline of Agric.-based Economies Decrease of Indian textile industry Global Impact of Industrialization Further Integration of the Global Economy State- Sponsored Industrialization Economic Reforms of Meiji Japan State-Sponsored Industrialization Factory & RR development in Tsarist Russia 1. How did the āExport Economiesā of North America and West Africa reflect an expansion of industrialization? 2. Describe how you think transnational businesses like United Fruit would be able to gain āmonopoly-like controlā. 3. What do you think are the downfalls of being a narrowly-focused export economy like those in Latin America, Africa & Asia? 4. Why does industrialization intensify the efforts of western nations to āOpen Upā the East?
- 54. I. New Patternsand Impacts of Global Trade A. Further integration of global economy 1. Industrialists sought new materials and new markets; led to: 2. Growth of Export Economies a. raw materials for factories b. food supplies for growing urban pops. Concept = production & export of single natural resources; profits used to buy finished goods
- 55. B. Industrial ProductionLed to Decline of Ag- Based Economies Example: Textile production in India 1. India was main source of British textiles 2. Eng.ās textile industry became dependent on U.S. cotton 3. Indiaās economy declined
- 56. C. Industrial StatesSeek Out New Consumer Markets 1. Brit. & French attempts to āopen upā Chinese markets
- 57. D. Extensive MiningCenters Emerge 1. Meet the demand for industrial metals 2. Gold, silver, diamonds as forms of wealth
- 58. E. Creation ofLarge-Scale Transnational Businesses 1. United Fruit Company 2. Monopoly-like control over regional economics, production, labor & politics. 3. Creation of āBanana Republicsā ā export nations dominated by companies.
- 59. F. Development ofFinancial Institutions 1. Need = Facilitate investments of capital 2. Stock Markets 3. Insurance companies
- 60. 62 Major Developments inTransportation and Communication CanalsTelegraphsSteamshipsRailroads Effects Effects Effects Effects
- 61. Factors Effects Europeās locationon the Atlantic Ocean The geographic distribution of coal, iron and timber European demographic changes Urbanization Improved agricultural production Legal protection of private property (enclosure) An abundance of rivers & canals Access to foreign resources The accumulation of capital (money) Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
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- 63. 65 Critical Intro: Create aquick web of the āEffects of the Industrial Revolutionā Economic, Social, Environmental