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INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
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- 2. Elements of aSafety Program
- 3. Safety Program Development Assignment of responsibility Hazard identification and control Training and communication Documentation and enforcement of safety rules
- 4. Safety Program Maintenanceof safe working conditions Setting performance goals Rewarding safety performance Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents ◦ Taking appropriate correction actions
- 5. Safety Program (cont’d) Establishing Safety performance objectives for all levels of management Including safety as part of management performance reviews Measuring effectiveness
- 6. Benefits of aSafety Program
- 7. Benefits Reduced workers’compensation claims Reduced expenses related to injuries and illnesses Reduced absenteeism Lower employee complaints
- 8. Benefits (cont’d) Improvedemployee morale and satisfaction Increased productivity Reduction of hidden cost Reduced insurance cost
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- 10. Hidden Cost WorkersCompensation Cost Replacement and training cost for new or substitute employee Poor Quality Penalties for non-compliance
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- 12. Planning a Project Develop goals and objectives Define project team ◦ Project Manager ◦ Site Supervisor ◦ Site Safety Other Programs
- 13. Roles and Responsibilities Supervisors/Management ◦ Establish safe work practices ◦ Enforce safety rules and regulations ◦ Train employees how to avoid hazards ◦ Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and near misses Investigate causes of incidents or near misses Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence ◦ Ensure prompt medical attention
- 14. Roles and Responsibilities(cont’d) Safety Professional ◦ Develop and implement accident prevention programs ◦ Advise management on company policies and governmental regulations ◦ Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety programs ◦ Train management in safety observation techniques
- 15. Why Have aPlan? Designed to Protect ◦ Personnel ◦ Environment ◦ Public ◦ Operation and Equipment
- 16. Why Have aPlan (cont’d) Government Regulations ◦ OSHA ◦ EPA ◦ State/Local Public/Private Requirements
- 17. Typical Programs Recordkeeping ◦OSHA 300 log and supplementary forms ◦ OSHA 301, accident investigations ◦ Workers' compensation cases ◦ Employee's medical history
- 18. Typical Programs (cont’d) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ◦ Proper use ◦ Employee training ◦ Enforcement Dusty Operations Unknown hazards Hazardous waste operations and Emergency Response
- 19. Typical Programs(cont’d) Hazardcommunication program ◦ Written program development and implementation ◦ Chemical Inventory ◦ Communicate safe work methods for: Jobs-Specific activities Non-routine tasks Labeling requirements MSDS Employee training (contractors)
- 20. Typical Programs(cont’d) Machineguarding ◦ Make sure that machine guarding is: Replaced and tested for proper function when removed for maintenance Review electrical and mechanical interlocks to see if they work properly Equipment Repair ◦ Inspect and repair and/or replaced defective parts
- 21. Typical Programs(cont’d) Lockout/Tagout ◦Make sure that lockout/tagout procedures are established ◦ Employees trained Others ◦ Confined-space entry ◦ Excavation ◦ Heavy equipment ◦ Air monitoring
- 22. TopViolations Citation Reference Description ◦29 CFR 1910.1200 (e)(1) Hazard Communication ◦ 29 CFR 1904.2 (a) Recordkeeping ◦ 29 CFR 1903.2 Signage ◦ 29 CFR 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout
- 23. TopViolations(cont’d) Citation Reference Description ◦29 CFR 1910.212 (a)(1) Machine Guarding ◦ 29 CFR 1910.215 (b)(9) Abrasive Wheel Machinery ◦ 29 CFR Subpart I Personal Protective Equipment
- 24. Formulating the Plan Team Effort Required ◦ Management ◦ Supervisors ◦ Laborers
- 25. Formulating the Plan(cont’d) Developing Scope ofWork Identifying Controls for Reducing Hazards Reviewing Hazards of eachTask ◦ Physical ◦ Chemical ◦ Biological
- 26. Formulating the Plan(cont’d) Review ◦ Facility ◦ Operations ◦ Hazardous Materials Points to Consider ◦ Details of the Plan ◦ Degree of Action Required ◦ Envision Potential Incidents ◦ Review Previous Incidents
- 27. Finalizing the Plan “User-Friendly” Plan Final Review Outside Audit
- 28. Implementing the WorkPlan Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses Maintains a safe environment Designed to protect employees, company’s facilities, and local community
- 29. Work Plan (cont’d) Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate Periodic safety inspection ◦ Correct known deficiencies Must be available for review and updated as required
- 30. Preparing Scope ofWork Teamwork ◦ Brain Storming Project Impact Items Show Stoppers Delegating Responsibilities Project Review
- 31. General Requirements CompanyPolicies Site Description, Background Site Security Emergency Response
- 32. Identifying Project-Specific Requirements Job Hazard Analysis ◦ Select activities with highest risk ◦ Break activity into individual components ◦ Identify potential hazards in each component ◦ Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard
- 33. Contractor Pre-qualification Mustcomplete pre-qualification ◦ Incident rates ◦ Experience Modification Rates (EMR) ◦ OSHA recordable cases ◦ General company information ◦ Safety programs ◦ Medical surveillance programs ◦ Management philosophy
- 34. Project Start-Up ReviewContractor’s ◦ Scope of work ◦ H&S plan Site-Specific training Pre-Construction Meeting
- 35. Determine Contractor Relationship Identify who supervises contractor employees Must have on-site project supervisor/manager Must share responsibility/liability
- 36. Contractor Project Management Must share responsibility/liability Must be able to interpret/manage safety programs, solve problems effectively Must have skills to recognize legal, financial, and customer relations
- 37. Contractor-Management Responsibilities 29CFR 1926.16(d) ◦ “Where joint responsibilities exists both the prime and their subcontractor or subcontractors, regardless of tier, shall be considered subject to the enforcement provisions of this Act” 29 CFR 1926.16(c) ◦ “With respect to subcontracted work, the prime contractor and any subcontractor or subcontractors shall be deemed to have joint responsibility”
- 38. Develop Emergency Response Qualified to Perform Equipment/ResponseTime Adequate Aware of Operations and Hazards
- 39. Problems with EmergencyResponse Guidelines NOT Followed Improper Initial Response Non-functioning Equipment Environmental Conditions
- 40. Emergency Response Critique OSHA/EPA Requirements Reviews Incidents Develops New Procedures EnhancesTraining
- 41. Continual Improvement Guidelinesmust be created for improvement ◦ Company policies ◦ Contractors rules/procedures ◦ H&S Plan Learning from mistakes Safety must be measured and monitored
- 42. Reviewing On-Going Operations Conduct site safety inspections Review training records and work permits Review air monitoring data Review how deficiencies are detected and corrected Conduct progress meetings
- 43. Summary Eliminate hazards Reduce risks when hazards cannot be eliminated Provide warning devices Develop and implement procedures and training
- 44. Summary (cont’d) Engineeringcontrols ◦ Preferred ◦ Permanent ◦ Not as dependent on human errors as other types of controls, and is less likely to fail Problem is usually corrected for good
- 45. Summary (cont’d) Accountabilitymust be present Management commitment must be visible Teamwork is a requisite for success “Paper” safety programs are not acceptable
- 47. MODULE – 2 ACCIDENTPREVENTION •Basic philosophy of accident prevention •Nature & cause of accident •Accident proneness •Cost of accidents •Accident prevention method •Domino theory •Safety education 7 training •Training methods •Motivation & communicating safety •Personal protective equipments (PPE)
- 50. INCIDENT- Situations whichhave occurred and that had the potential to harm to a person or damage equipment or property. ACCIDENT – Unexpected and undesirable event which causes or likely to cause damage or harm or injury.
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- 69. If it lookunsafe you should •Report •Encourage •Inspect •Inform •Alert •Accountable •Be safe
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- 77. SAFETY COMMUNICATION Internalcommunication • Presentation, staff & HSE committees, team meetings, emails, videos, notice boards, news letters, poster etc. External communication • Annual reports, publications, telephone enquiries etc.
- 78. 1. HSE missionstatement, policy, plan 2. HSE statistics 3. Safety induction 4. Risk assessment 5. Manuals, checklist and operating procedure hazards, incidents and near misses 7. Training 8. HSE website 9. Brochures, Posters & Videos 10. Safety week 11. Public report 12. HSE conference
- 79. Communication Strategies 1. Barriersto effective communication 2. Language and words 3. Complaints and criticisms 4. Questioning
- 80. Basic Communication Tips 1.Think before you speak 2. Mind your body language 3. Be effective in speaking 4. Keep it simple 5. Consistent message 6. Provide support 7. Reinforce the message 8. Express appreciation 9. Know your employees 10.Set an example
- 85. MODULE 3 SAFETY MANAGEMENT& TECHNIQUES
- 86. Did You Know? WorkplaceHazards-- Can cause: • Death • Injury • Damage to equipment
- 87. Inspections help… • Maintaina safe work environment • Control unsafe acts and conditions • Ensure operational efficiency
- 88. WHAT TO INSPECT? The entire workplace Both interior & exterior work environments.
- 89. Checklist Categories • BuildingSafety • Office Safety • Fire Safety • Electrical Safety • Emergency Equipment • Storage Methods
- 90. TYPES OF INSPECTIONS •Formal Inspections • Daily/Weekly Inspections • Special Function Inspections
- 91. WHO CAN CONDUCTINSPECTIONS • Employees • Supervisors • Safety Coordinators • Management • Safety Committee Members • Outside Vendors/insurance companies
- 93. STEPS IN SAFETYINSPECTION 1. PALNNING 2. DEVELOPING 3. RECORDING 4. FOLLOW UP 5. MONITORING
- 94. SAFETY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE •Defined as the grouping of dangerous activities, processes, areas etc. – Purpose of study – Where to sample , what, who, how, analyze
- 95. SAFETY AUDIT Safetyauditing is a core safety management activity, providing a means of identifying potential problems before they have an impact on safety. The objective of safety audit is to: Verify compliance with established standards (regulations, internal policies and industry wise standards of practice) Identify deviation from designed and planned operating and maintenance procedure and standards. Identify conditions or operating procedures that could lead to an accident and significant losses to life or property.
- 96. • The GeneralSafety Audit encompasses almost all aspects of safety namely the Safety Management System, Electrical Safety, Fire Safety, Mechanical Safety, Maintenance, Physical & Chemical and construction safety.
- 97. SAFETYAUDIT STEPS 1. Preparingfor an Audit 2. Conduct the Audit 3. Create an Audit Report and Recommended Actions 4. Set Corrective Action Priorities 5. Publish Audit Results
- 100. Safety surveys • Safetysurveys generally are cost- effective, easy to administer and flexible method for identifying hazards by sampling the workforce opinion within an organization. • Surveys are used as a safety monitoring tool to assess whether an existing situation or organizational aspect is satisfactory
- 102. •Anyone performing inspectionsshould be trained on how to conduct those inspections. •Daily, all employees should make a visual inspection of their workplace prior to beginning work. •Supervisors, Safety Coordinators, and Management personnel, as part of their daily work routine, should make continuous visual inspections and take corrective action to address any unsafe acts or unsafe conditions observed.
- 103. •Safety Coordinators, Management personnel,and/or Safety Committee Members may inspect workplaces, accident scenes, etc. when necessary
- 105. Incident recall • Criticalincident recall is an technique particularly suited to high risk environments. • This method is based on collecting information on hazards, near-misses, unsafe conditions and unsafe actions from working people. • It can be used to investigate man-machine relationship and to improve equipment and operations.
- 106. •The technique consistsof interviewing personnel regarding involvement in accident or near-misses, errors, mistakes, difficulties and conditions which may cause accident. •It accomplishes the same result as an accident investigation. Even isolated incidents reported by the technique can be investigated to determine whether corrective action is necessary or advantageous.
- 107. Job safety analysis(JSA) • A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. • A systematic method of identifying hazards & control measures to safely perform a specific task.
- 108. BENEFITS OF JSA •Training of new employees • Accident investigation tool • Supervisor evaluation tool • Consistency in training • Injury reduction
- 109. JSA PROCEDURE /STEPS 1. Select the job 2. Perform the Analysis / breaking the job 3. Identify hazards 4. Develop solutions 5. Conduct a Follow-up Analysis 6. Use of the Job Safety Analysis 7. Recordkeeping
- 110. Damage control • Thetechnique involves the systematic reporting, investigation, costing and control of damage accidents within an organization 1. Reporting 2. Investigation 3. Costing 4. Control
- 111. RISK MANAGEMENT What isa "hazard? An unsafe condition or practice that may or may not cause damage to property, equipment, materials or the environment OR an injury or illness to an employee. What is a risk :- A risk is the chance that a hazard will actually harm a worker
- 112. RISK ASSESMENT :- •Overall Process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable. • Risk factors to consider: –Frequency: How many workers and how often –Severity: How serious the harm –Probability: How likely could it happen
- 113. RISK MANAGEMENT • Theprocess of identification, analysis, assessment, control, and avoidance, minimization, or elimination of unacceptable risks.
- 115. Involvement in safety 1.Role of management Management provides the leadership, vision, and resources needed to implement an effective safety and health program. Management leadership means that business owners, managers, and supervisors: • Make worker safety and health a core organizational value. • Are fully committed to eliminating hazards, protecting workers, and continuously improving workplace safety and health. • Provide sufficient resources to implement and maintain the safety and health program. • Visibly demonstrate and communicate their safety and health commitment to workers and others. • Set an example through their own actions.
- 116. • Communicate yourcommitment to a safety and health program • Define program goals • Allocate resources • Expect performance
- 117. 2. ROLE OFSUPERVISOR 1. Coordinate employee training sessions 2. Take advantage of “teachable moments” 3. Model what employees learn in training 4. Discussing changes to safety and health policies/procedures 5. Completing incident investigations 6. Performing safety and health inspections 7. Be familiar with safety and health policies and procedures 8. Conduct regular inspections of your work area 9. Provide feedback to employees on inspection findings
- 118. 3.ROLE OF WORKMEN 1.Following established health and safety policies and procedures. 2. Maintaining your personal work area in a clean and orderly manner. 3. Wearing, maintaining and properly storing your personal protective equipment (PPE). 4. Attending all safety training that your employer offers. 5. Volunteering to serve on your Safety Committee. 6. Using safe work practices to eliminate slips, trips and falls. 7. Lifting safely and helping others to do the same. 8. Labeling all chemical containers and becoming familiar with material safety data sheets. 9. Knowing evacuation procedures and the location of emergency equipment.
- 119. 4. ROLE OFUNIONS
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- 123. MODULE 4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH& HYGIENE
- 124. What is IndustrialHygiene? Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling workplace conditions that may cause workers' injury or illness. Key factors: Employee exposure to hazards Control for hazards to protect workers
- 125. Steps to ProtectEmployees •Anticipate potential hazards •Recognize potential hazards •Evaluate exposure and risk •Control exposure and risk
- 126. 1. Anticipate potentialhazards Identify potential hazards in the work place 2. Recognize potential hazards • Air contaminants • Chemical hazards • Biological hazards • Physical hazards • Ergonomic hazards
- 127. Air Contaminants • Dusts •Fumes • Mist • Vapors • Fibers • Gases © Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0912
- 128. Hazards Due to ChemicalProperties • Eye, nose, throat, upper respiratory, skin irritation • Flu-like symptoms • Difficulty breathing • Fatigue • Loss of coordination • Memory difficulties • Sleeplessness • Mental confusion
- 129. Biological Hazards • Bacteria •Viruses • Fungi © Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0912
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- 131. Ergonomic Hazards – Eyestrain – Repetitive motion injuries – Lifting injuries •Physiological Hazards Awkward movements Muscle strain • Psychological Hazards – Boredom – Concentrated attention – Simulated inputs
- 132. 3.Evaluation The extend ofexposure to the chemical hazard, physical, biological agents, adverse ergonomic situation in the work place.
- 133. 4. Control 1. Engineeringcontrols: Remove hazard Process change, Chemical substitution Ventilation, Shielding, Guarding Requires little or no employee action 2. Administrative controls: Manage exposure Worker rotation, Procedures, Training Trench shoring, Controlled access areas Requires employee action 3. Personal protective equipment (PPE) Respirators, Gloves, Boots, Clothing Fall protection equipment, Hard hats Requires individual employee action
- 134. Benefits of occupationalhygiene •Improved worker health and increased life expectancy •Reduction in the number of people who have to leave employment early through injury or illness •Lower social and healthcare costs as well as maximizing worker potential •More efficient working processes with technological improvements and increased productivity.
- 135. Components occupational healthservices •Health counseling . Stress management . Mental health . And Physical health . Rehabilitation programme . Medical rehabilitation . Social rehabilitation . Educational rehabilitation . Vocational rehabilitation
- 136. What is OccupationalHygiene? Exposure Work Activity Disease Occupational Hygiene Occupational Medicine Occupational Health
- 138. What is a"hazard?“ An unsafe condition or practice that may or may not cause damage to property, equipment, materials or the environment OR an injury or illness to an employee.
- 139. TYPES OF HAZARDS:- 1.PHYSICAL HAZARD 2. CHEMICAL HAZARD 3. MECHANICAL HAZARD 4. ELECTRICAL HAZARD 5. SOCIAL HAZARD 6. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD 7. ERGONOMICS HAZARD 8. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
- 140. PHYSICAL HAZARD A physicalhazard is an agent, factor or circumstance that can cause harm with or without contact. Physical Hazards include: • Radiation: including ionizing, non ionizing (EMF’s, microwaves, radio waves, etc.) •High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays •Temperature extremes – hot and cold Constant loud noise
- 141. CHEMICAL HAZARDS: Arepresent when a worker is exposed to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than others, but to some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or breathing problems. Beware of: •Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents – ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabeled container • Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to solvents •Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and helium •Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals. •Pesticides
- 142. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Associatedwith working with animals, people, or infectious plant materials. •Work in schools, day care facilities, colleges and universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency response, nursing homes, outdoor occupations, etc. may expose you to biological hazards. Types of things you may be exposed to include: • Blood and other body fluids • Fungi/mold •Bacteria and viruses •Plants • Insect bites • Animal and bird droppings
- 143. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS: Occur whenthe type of work, body positions and working conditions put strain on your body. The are the hardest to spot si ce ou do ’t alwa s immediately notice the strain on your body or the harm that these hazards pose. Short ter e posure a result i sore uscles the next day or in the days following exposure, but long-term exposure can result in serious long-term illnesses.
- 144. Ergonomic Hazards include: •Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs • Frequent lifting • Poor posture • Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive • Repeating the same movements over and over • Having to use too much force, especially if you have to do it frequently • Vibration
- 145. Mechanical Hazards Mechanical hazardsare created as a result of either powered or manual (human) use of tools, equipment or machinery and plant. Where Mechanical Hazards Occur •The point of operation: that point where work is performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming of stock. •Power transmission apparatus: all components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the machine performing the work. These components include flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams, spindles, chains, cranks, and gears. •Other moving parts: all parts of the machine that move while the machine is working. These may include reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, as well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine.
- 147. Social hazard Social hazards,also called complex emergencies, seriously limit a populatio ’s access to health services, water, food, and transportation, all of which are determinants of health. Examples •Living in an old toxic waste •Smoking •Job deals with harmful chemicals •Diet
- 149. Environmental hazard It isa substance, state or event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment / or adversely affect people's health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes. EXAMPLES 1. Air pollution 2. Overpopulation 3. Waste management 4. Noise pollution 5. Light pollution 6. Water pollution 7. Radiation
- 154. Tips for effectiveworkplace housekeeping •Prevent slips, trips and falls •Eliminate fire hazards •Control dust •Avoid tracking materials •Prevent falling objects •Clear clutter •Store materials properly •Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools •Determine frequency •Create written rules •Think long-term
- 155. MODULE 5 INDUSTRIAL FIREPROTECTION
- 156. 2 fire Definition It is achemical chain reaction which takes place with the evolution of heat and light.
- 157. 3 Essentials of Fire OxygenFuelFIRE Heat
- 158. 4 Oxygen Heat Fuel OXYGEN SOURCEHEAT SOURCES Approx. 16% Required Normal air contains 21% of oxygen Some Fuels contains its own oxygen supply GASES To Reach Ignition Temp. Open Flame, the Sun,Hot Surface, Sparks & Arcs, Friction, Chemical Action, Elec. Energy & Gas Compression LIQUIDS SOLIDS Natural Gas, Propane, CO, Butane, Hydrogen, Acetylene, Gasoline, Kerosene, Turpentine, Alcohol, Paint, Varnish, Olive oil, Lacquer Coal, Wood, Paper, Cloth, Wax, Grease, Leather, Plastic, Sugar, Grain, Hay,
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- 160. Classification of Fires •Class A Fires (usually occur in ordinary materials, like wood, paper, rags, & rubbish) • Class B Fires (usually occur with a vapor-air mixture over the surface of flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, and paints)
- 161. • Class CFires (electrical fires) • Class D Fires (usually occur in combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, and potassium) Classification of Fires (Cont.)
- 162. Classification of Fires(Cont.) • Class F/ K Fires (usually involve cooking greases or cooking oils) Fire prevention is a function of many fire departments. The goal of fire prevention is to educate the public to take precautions to prevent potentially harmful fires, and be educated about surviving them. It is a proactive method of reducing emergencies and the damage caused by them.
- 163. 9 Fire Prevention The measuresneed to be adopted are given below: •Prohibit smoking in storage areas of flammable materials. •If electrical equipment is not working properly or if it gives off an unusual odour disconnect the equipment and call an approved electrician. •Properly replace any electrical cord that is cracked or has broken connection. •When using extension cords, protect them from damage. Do not put them across doorways or any place where they will be stepped on or chafed. Check the amperage load specified by the manufacturer. •Do not plug an extension cord into another, and do not plug more than one extension cord into one outlet.
- 164. 10 Fire Prevention •Keep allheat producing appliances away from the wall and away from anything that might burn. Leave plenty of space for air to circulate around equipment that normally gives off heat. •Make sure all appliances in your area such as hot plates, ovens, toasters, mixers, grinders, geezers, clothing irons are turned off when not in use. •Use ash trays and empty them only when you are sure the ashes, matches and butts are cold. •Make sure that no one including visitors, has left cigarettes smolderings in waste – baskets or on furniture’s, sofas, beds, etc.
- 165. 11 Fire Prevention •Keep storageareas, stairway landings and other out of way locations free of waste paper, empty cartons, dirty rags and other material that could fuel a fire. •Report all fire hazards to the officer or any person authorized. •Create awareness to use fire retardant furniture’s, carpets, curtains, etc. •Follow good housekeeping practices – because a clean house is a safe house.
- 166. 12 Fire Protection Methods 1.Confining fire 2. Controlling smoke 3. Exits 4. Evacuation 5. Ventilation 6. Fire doors 7. Connections for sprinklers and standpipes
- 167. Controlling Fires •Cool afire •Remove fuel from a fire •Limit oxygen in a fire •Interrupt the chain reaction in a fire •Use extinguishing agents
- 171. FIRE RISK IT ISTHE LIKEHOOD THAT A FIRE WILL OCCURE AND THE IMPACT OF THAT FIRE FOR THE WORKERS IN THE SITE.
- 172. Fire load - Insimple terms fire loading is a measurement used by fire-fighters and other fire safety professionals to determine the potential severity of a fire in a given space.
- 173. Contributing factors toindustrial fire •Common Causal Factors: - Design flaws in ventilation system - Lack of hazard assessment - Lack of prevention •May cause explosion when: - Dispersed in air or other oxidant - Concentration is at or above minimum explosible concentration - Ignition source is present - Dust is confined Explosions can cause major damage and even trigger secondary explosion.
- 174. Fire detector :- Itsense one or more of the products or phenomena resulting from fire, such as smoke, heat, infrared and/or ultraviolet light radiation, or gas. Types- 1. Heat detector 2. Flame 3. Smoke 4. Fire gas
- 180. What is aFire Safety Plan? A Fire Safety Plan is a detailed document designed to deal with all aspects of fire safety relating to a specific building or property. The document is intended to be a reference manual outlining the fire safety practices to be routinely used
- 181. Benefits of Implementinga Fire Safety Plan •Reduces the incidence of fire •Promotes fire hazard identification and elimination •Promotes employee safety and awareness •Increases employee morale by allaying safety concerns •Coordinates business and fire department resources during a fire emergency •Reduces the potential impact of a fire on the business and community (injuries, dollar losses, liability, etc.) •Enhances Fire Code compliance
- 182. STEPS IN SAFETYPLAN Step 1 - Conduct a Fire Safety Audit Step 2 - Appointment and Organization of Supervisory Staff Step 3 - Develop Emergency Procedures Step 4 - Fire Drill Procedures and Training Step 5 - Maintenance of Building Facilities and Fire Protection Equipment Step 6 - Alternate Measures for Temporary Shutdown of Fire Protection Equipment or Systems Step 7 - Control of Fire Hazards Step 8 - Fire Department Access For Fire Fighting and Related Fire Suppression Information Step 9 - Preparing Schematic Diagrams and Site Plans Step 10 - Posting Emergency Procedures and Emergency Phone Number
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