Infection Prevention and Control For Health Care Workers Supporting Routine Healthcare services .pptx

1
Infection Prevention and Control For Health Care
Workers Supporting Routine Healthcare services
CASE MANAGEMENT-IPC
January 2025

Africa’s Public health Intelligence Report
Outline
• Introduction to IPC
• The WHO Core Components of IPC
• How infections Spread
• Standard Precautions
• Transmission Based Precautions
• Hierarchy of Controls
• Risk Assessment

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Introduction Infection Prevention and Control ?
 A scientific approach with…
o practical solutions designed to prevent harm, caused by infections .
o grounded in principles of infectious disease, epidemiology, social
science and health system strengthening, and is rooted in patient
safety and health service quality.

4
Purpose of IPC
• Target audience: All health care workers
Health facility managers, clinicians, and IPC
practitioners across various healthcare
settings, including primary care clinics,
emergency departments, infectious disease
clinics, and more
.

5
IPC Core components
https://www.who.int/infection-prevention/publications/core-components/en
/
A step wise approach towrads the
implimentation of IPC standards, at the national
and facility level to provide minimum protection and
safety to patients , HCWs and Visitors ,based on the
WHO core components for IPC programme

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IPC gloals in routine Healthcare
1. To reduce transmission of health care associated
infections
2. To enhance the safety of staff, patients and visitors
3. To enhance the ability of the organization/health facility
to respond to an outbreak
4. To lower or reduce the risk of the hospital (health care
facility) itself amplifying the outbreak

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Transmission chain for infections
• In order for an infection
to spread, all links must
be connected
• Breaking one of these
links will stop the spread
of the disease!
Pathogen
Entry
point
Susceptible
host Reservoir
Exit
point
Transmission
pattern
September 2022

10
Who is at risk of infection?
Anyone who
is not immune
September 2022

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How do you break the transmission chain?
Apply
standard
precautions
Pathogen
Entry
point
Susceptible
host Reservoir
Exit
point
Transmission
routes
September 2022

12
Standard precautions
&
Transmission based-prscautions

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What are standard precautions?
• They are the basic level of infection control precautions which are
to be used to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens from
both recognized and unrecognized sources in healthcare
facilities.
• They are to be used in the care of ALL patients at ALL times.
September 2022

Standard
precautions
Transmission based
precautions
Hand Hygiene
+
Respiratory hygiene ,Cough ettiquate
+
Appropriate isolation
(single room or adequate space between beds,
appropriate ventilation, separate toilets)
+
Signage of precautions
+
Use Appropriate PPE
+
Environmental cleaning.
+
Safe injection, sharps management and injury prevention
+
Patient placement
+
Waste management
+
Safe handling and cleaning of soiled linen
+
Aseptic technique
+
Proper handling Patient care equipment
Standard Precautions and Transmission based Precautions

• These are precautions implemented when a patient is suspected or confrinmed to have
a certain infection (or to be colonised with certain infectious microorganisim ) to prevent
spread.
• Implementation depends on;
• The setting
• The organism
• The procedure being undertaken
• Three categories TBPs, are made based on the transmission path;
 Contact precautions
 Droplet precautions
 Airborne precautions
• Some infections may fall under more than one category (e.g. contact + droplets)
Transmission Based Precautions

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 Contact precautions for (Organisms spread by
direct and indirect human contact, e.g. EVD,
Lassa Fever)
 May or maynot require isolation in a single room
according to local policy
 PPE should be used appropriately
 Strict hand hygiene is essential
 Contact precautions also includes enteric
precautions for pathogens spread by ingestion
for which precautions such as a separate toilet is
necessary
When to apply contact precautions?
September 2022
Adopted from Washington state hospital association for training purposes only

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 Droplet precautions for organisims spread by
respiratory droplet (small quantities of liquid from
the lungs, mouth or nose that are released into
the air when people cough, speak or sneeze e.g.
influenza , Meningitis, SARs-CoV-2)
 A single room is necessary to minimise spread to
other patients
 Patient may be asked to wear a mask
 Staff may be required to wear Mask for certain
healthcare procedures
When to apply droplet precautions?
Adopted from Washington state hospital association for trainign purposes only

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 Airborne precautions for pathogens which
are spread on droplet nuclei (this can travel
a long distance and remain in the air for a
long time. Tuberculosis, SARs-COV-2,
Measles )
 Isolation in a negative presure room which
pumps air outside of the building is
recommended
 Respirators or masks may be required fr
certain procedures
When to apply airborne precautions?
September 2022
Adopted from Washington state hospital association for trainign purposes only

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Additional control measures
Pecedures and Strategies used tto eliminate rissk and Hazard

• Removing the hazard from
the workplace;
 Hand Hygiene
 Waste segregation
Elimination Controls
Waste Segregation IPC best practice: observed at the
Saidina Abubakar Islamic hospital in matugga, Wakiso District
For IPC training purposes only
Your 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

Substitution Controls
Replacing the hazard with a safer alternative:
 Telehealth technology
 At home screening
 Vaccination

Using physical controls to control the hazard at its source:
 A screening area at the facility entrance (with functional equipment,
Standardised screening tools ;
 Establish a holding area dduring outbreaks;
 Enhancing Hospital Workflow; ensuring physical distance arrangement;
 Good ventilation;
 Create access to Hand Hygiene Facilities
Engineering Controls
IPC Best practice A screening point at the entrance of the HCF / Isolation unit
Image used for tainign Purposes only

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Administrative Controls
Changing the way people work to limit exposure to hazards:
 Provision of adequate training for HCWs;
 Ensuring an adequate patient-to-staff ratio; Staff and cleaner schedules;
 Up to date and regular Communication
 Developing a surveillance protocol for healthcare worker exposures that all staff should be aware
of;
 Ensuring that healthcare workers and the public recognize the importance of seeking medical
care without delay;
 Monitoring healthcare workers to ensure adherence to standard precautions and establishing
mechanisms for continuous improvement;

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Putting on appropriâtes PPE
Medical Mask
Gloves
Face shield
Headcover Goggles
Apron Boots
Gown coverall Thick rubber gloves
Face
Nose + Mouth Eyes
Hair
Hands
Body Feets
Body
Body
Nose + Mouth
N95 respirator

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What is risk assessment?
• Risk assessment in IPC is a systematic process used to
identify, evaluate, and manage infection risks in
healthcare and community settings.
• It helps prevent and control the spread of infections
by determining potential hazards and implementing
appropriate mitigation measures.

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How to assess risk
Identify the hazards
Identify who is at risk
Evaluate the risks
Decide on controls
Review
January 2025

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How to assess risk
1. First, look for those things in your environment (i.e. objects,
situations, processes) that have the potential to cause harm,
especially to people;
2. Second, evaluate the severity and probability of the risks;
3. Thirdly, decide on the appropriate preventive or control measures
(i.e. what PPE or chlorine concentration to use)
http://financialeducation.greycaps.com
January 2025

“To our Health care workers, Your relentless efforts in
providing care, preventing diseases, and responding
to health emergencies continue to save countless lives
and strengthen the nation's health system.”
WE APPRECIATE YOU

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