Uploaded byDr. Majid Mohiuddin (Hashmi)
Infectious diseases of the ears
The document discusses infectious diseases of the ears, including otitis media (middle ear infection) and otitis externa (outer ear infection). It outlines the three pathways for pathogens to enter the ear and describes the typical symptoms, causes, and diagnosis of each condition. Otitis media is often caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae entering through the eustachian tube. Otitis externa, commonly known as swimmer's ear, is usually caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa when contaminated water enters the outer ear canal. Culture and susceptibility testing are used to diagnose both conditions.
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Infectious diseases of the ears
- 1. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE EARS MAJID MOHIUDDIN
- 2. INFECTIOUS DISEASES OFTHE EARS • Three pathways for pathogens to enter: 1. Through eustachian (auditory) tube, from the throat and nasopharynx. 2. From external ear. 3. Through the blood or lymph. • OTITIS MEDIA: Infection of middle ear. • OTITIS EXTERNA: Infection of the outer ear canal.
- 3. VIRAL AND BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF EAR
- 4. OTITIS EXTERNA, EXTERNALOTITIS, EAR CANAL INFECTION, SWIMMER’S EAR • Infection with itching, pain, malodorous discharge, tenderness, redness, swelling and impaired hearing. • Otitis externa is often referred to as swimmer’s ear.
- 5. Etiologic Agent • Escherichiacoli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus; rarely by fungus –e.g., Aspergillus. Reservoirs and Mode of Transmission • Contaminated swimming pool water, indigenous microflora, articles. Diagnosis • Culture and Susceptibility.
- 6. OTITIS MEDIA, MIDDLEEAR INFECTION: • Develop as Complication of the common cold. • Persistent and severe earache. • Temporary hearing loss. • Pressure in middle ear. • Bulging of the eardrum (Tympanic membrane), • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever in young children. • May lead to rupture of the eardrum, bloody discharge and then pus. • Severe complications: bone infection, permanent hearing loss, and meningitis.
- 7. Etiologic Agent • Bacteria:Streptococcus pneumonia (G+ve diplococcus), Haemophillus influenzae (G-ve bacillus) and Moraxella catarrhalis (G-ve diplococcus) also Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. • Virus: Measles virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Reservoirs and Mode of Transmission • Not Communicable Diagnosis • Culture and Sensitivity. • Beta lactamase testing for H.influenzae and S.pneumonia.
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