Infertility affects approximately 10-15% of couples in the United States who have been trying to conceive without success for at least 1 year. It can be caused by problems with the woman's eggs, fallopian tubes, or hormones, or by issues with the man's sperm production or quality. While infertility was once thought to only be a woman's issue, today it is known that male and female factors each account for about one-third of infertility cases, with the remaining cases due to problems with both partners or unexplained causes. Treatments may include hormone therapy, surgery, assisted reproduction techniques like IVF, or alternative options such as adoption.