Influence of waste glass powder, ggbs, fly ash on the properties of concrete

Presented by
Mr. Bhimaji D. Kanawade
Department of Civil Engineering,

Introduction
Objectives
Literature Review
Research Gap
Problem statement
Materials & Methodology
Concluding Remarks
References

 Concrete is a second most consumed substance on earth
after water. Cement production is growing by 2.5%
annually and is expected to rise from 2.55 billion tons
in 2006 to 3.7-4.4 billion tons by 2050.
 A single industry accounts for around 7% of global
carbon dioxide emission. The production of cement
releases greenhouse gas emissions both directly and
indirectly: the heating of limestone releases Co2
directly, while the burning of fossil fuels to heat the kiln
indirectly results in Co2 emissions.
 Use of waste glass powder, Fly ash, GGBS in concrete
also have influence on the mechanical properties of
concrete.

 The objective of the research is to know the percentage to
which glass powder, fly ash and GGBS can replace the
cement in concrete.
 To check effect on workability, strength, durability of
concrete using the waste glass powder, Fly ash and GGBS as
a partial substitute for cement.
 To produce the concrete which will protect the environment,
 To produce the good concrete, which will have less
permeability as compare to normal mix.

Sr.
No.
Author Name
And Year
Name Of Paper Journal Summary
1.
Kushartomo W.,
Bali I,
Sulaiman B.
Mechanical behavior of
reactive powder concrete
with glass powder
substitute.
Procedia
Engineering -125
PP:617-622
(Science Direct )
 Effect of the addition of glass
powder to RPC is studied on the
mechanical properties of
concrete.
 The partial replacement of
cement by glass powder
provides strength, economy in
construction and also facilitates
utilization of waste glass powder
in concrete.
2.
Shekhavat B.S
Aggarwal
Utilisation of Waste Glass
Powder in Concrete-A
Literature Review.
IJIRSET
(Vol.3,Issue 7)
PP:14822-14826
 It is clear from research that
replacement of glass powder
shows improvement in
compressive strength, split
tensile strength and flexural
strength.
 Water absorption test on
concrete is studied.

Sr.
No.
Author Name
And Year
Name Of Paper Journal Summary
3.
Jangid J. B.,
Saoji A.C.
Experimental investigation
of waste glass powder as
the partial replacement of
cement in concrete
production
IOSR-JMCE
(ICAET )
PP: 55-60
 Effect of waste glass powder
on the workability,
Compressive strength and
flexural strength is studied.
 Comparative study is done for
cement and glass powder as a
pozzolanic material.
4.
Raju S.,
Kumar P. R
Effect of Using Glass
Powder in Concrete
IJIRSET
Vol.3,Issue 5
PP:421-427
 Procedure for alkalinity test is
studied from paper.
 Effect of glass powder on the
workability and mechanical
properties of concrete is
studied from research.

 Suitable percentage of replacement for waste glass
powder, fly ash, GGBS can find out,
 Combinations of different replacements can checked,
 Good concrete can produced with different
percentage replacements,
 Different admixtures/plasticizers can used for
proportion of mixes,
 Entire work can studied under different weathering,
curing conditions.

 Glass powder, Fly ash, GGBS concrete of M35 grade prepared
for different variation of glass powder, Fly ash, GGBS ranging
from 5%-30% with the interval of 5%,
 The influence of glass powder, fly ash, GGBS can studied on
mechanical properties, alkalinity, chloride penetration and water
absorption of concrete.
 Replacement of cement by waste glass powder, fly ash, GGBS in
concrete reduces the demand of deficient cement and also
enhance the mechanical properties of the concrete.

MATERIALS-
1) Cement -
 OPC of grade 53 is used
 Sp. Gravity - 3.15
2) Fine Aggregate –
 sand having maximum size of 4.75 mm
 conforming to zone II
 Sp. Gravity – 2.66
 Water absorption – 1.35 %
 Fineness Modulus - 2.74
3) Coarse Aggregate -
 Coarse aggregate used was 20 mm and less size
 Sp. Gravity – 2.70
 Water absorption – 0.7 %
 Fineness Modulus – 7.17

4) Water -
 Quality – Potable, odorless, suitable for drinking
 pH value – pH of water used is in between 6-7.
5) Glass Powder- Melting a mixture of materials such as silica, soda
ash, and CaCO3 at high temperature followed by cooling during which
solidification occurs without crystallization.
6) Fly Ash- Byproduct of coal burning and offers an energy saving
substitute to Portland cement in concrete mixes.
7) GGBS- Cementitious material, byproduct from blast furnace used to
make iron.
8) Recycled Aggregates concrete- Fragments pieces of concrete,
protect environment.

METHODOLOGY
1) Workability Test - IS 7320-1974
This test is conducted on fresh concrete to measure the workability according to IS:
7320-1974.
2) Compressive Strength Test - IS 516:1959
A cube compression test performed on standard cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150
mm after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. The compressive strength of specimen is calculated by the
following formula:
fcu = Pc /A
where Pc = Failure load in compression, N
A = Loaded area of cube, mm2
fcu = Compressive strength, N/mm2
3) Split Tensile strength Test – IS 5816:1999
 The split tensile test conducted on cylinders of 150 mm dia. and 300 mm height. The load
was applied at a uniform rate till the specimen failed by a fracture across vertical diameter.
 The split tensile strength of cylinder is calculated by the following formula:
fcys = 2Psp / π D L
Where, fcys = Split tensile strength, Mpa
Psp = Load at failure, N
L = Length of cylinder, mm
D = Dia. Of cylinder, mm

4) Flexural Strength Test – IS 516:1959
 In flexure test, the Standard beam specimen of size (100mm x 100mm x 500mm) will be
supported symmetrically over a span of 400mm.
 The flexural strength was determined by the formula:
fcr = Pf L / bd2 or 3Pf a / bd2
Where,
fcr = Flexural strength, MPa
Pf = Central load through two point loading system, N
L = Span of beam, mm
b = Width of beam, mm
d = Depth of beam, mm
a = Distance between line of fracture to the nearest
support, mm.
5) Pull out Test – IS 2770 (Part I)-1967
Pull out load of each specimen is find out with the help of Universal Testing Machine.
Bond Stress is calculated by following formula:
Ʈ= F/ (L x S)
Where, Ʈ = Bond Stress in MPa
F = Applied pulling load in KN
S = Perimeter of rebar
L = Embedded length of rebar= 130 mm

6) Water Absorption test :
Water absorption is calculated by using following formula:
% Water Absorption = (A – B)/B X 100
Where,
A = Wet mass of unit in Kg
B =Dry mass of unit in Kg
7) Rebound hammer test – IS 13311-2 (1992)
Rebound hammer test used to find out the compressive strength of concrete
by using rebound hammer as per IS: 13311 (Part II)-1992.

8) Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test – IS 13311-I (1992)
This test is done to assess the quality of concrete by ultrasonic pulse
velocity method as per IS: 13311 (Part I)-1992. Method consists of
measuring the time of travel of an ultrasonic pulse passing through the
concrete being tested.
Comparatively higher velocity is obtained when concrete quality is
good in terms of density, uniformity, homogeneity etc.
9) Rapid Chloride Permeability Test – ASTM C1202-1997
This test is performed to know the chloride ion penetration in
concrete and thus its final effect on reinforcement in concrete.

1) Workability Test: IS 7320-1974
Sr.
No.
Mix Notation
% Replacement of cement by
glass powder
Slump
(mm)
1 C1 0% 64
2 C2 5 % 60
3 C3 10 % 54
4 C4 15 % 50
5 C5 20 % 48
6 C6 25 % 44
7 C7 30 % 42
Table 1: Slump Value for Proportions

Graph 1: Comparative slump test values of concrete with cement replacement with glass
powder.
 As glass content increases, cement paste available is less for providing lubricating effect
per unit surface area of aggregate. Therefore workability of concrete decreases.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
C0 (0%) C1 (5%) C2 (10%) C3 (15%) C4 (20%) C5 (25%) C6 (30%)
Slumpinmm
% Replacement of cement by glass powder

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
C0 (0%) C1 (5%) C2 (10%) C3 (15%) C4 (20%) C5 (25%) C6 (30%)
CompressiveStrengthinMpa
3 Days 7 Days 28 Days
Target Mean Strength
43.25 MPa
Graph 2: Comparative compressive strength of concrete with cement replacement
with glass powder for 7 days

Graph 3 : Comparative Split Tensile strength of concrete with cement replacement
with glass powder for 28 days
 Increase of 2.82 %, 7.05 % and 16.47 % strength can be achieved when 5%,10% and
15% cement was replaced by glass powder in concrete when water/ cement ratio was
maintained constant.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
C0 (0%) C1 (5%) C2 (10%) C3 (15%) C4 (20%) C5 (25%) C6 (30%)
SplitTensileStrengthinMPa
Target Strength
4.14 MPa

Graph 4: Comparative Flexural strength of concrete with cement replacement with glass
powder for 28 days
 The flexural strength of glass powder concrete increases by 6.43%, 14..85% and
19.80% at the replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% respectively when compare with
conventional mix.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
C0 (0%) C1 (5%) C2 (10%) C3 (15%) C4 (20%) C5 (25%) C6 (30%)
FlexuralStrengthinMPa
Target Strength
4.14 MPa

Graph 5: Comparative Pull out strength of concrete with cement replacement with glass
powder for 28 days
 The pull-out strength increases with the percentage increase of glass powder in concrete. An
increase of 8.19%, 13.42% and 19.90% strength was observed for 5%, 10% and 15%
replacement respectively.
 This increase in strength up to 15% replacement of cement by glass powder may be due to the
pozzolanic reaction of glass powder due to high silica content. Also it effectively fills the
voids and gives dense concrete microstructures
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
C0 (0%) C1 (5%) C2 (10%) C3 (15%) C4 (20%) C5 (25%) C6 (30%)
PulloutStrengthinMPa
Design Bond Stress
2.72 MPa

1) As the Percentage of glass powder in concrete increases workability of concrete
decreases. A decrease of 3.23%, 12.91%, 19.36% workability was observed for
5%, 10% and 15% replacement respectively. As there is a reduction in fineness
modulus of cementitious material, cement paste available is less for lubricating
effect per unit surface area of aggregate. Therefore as glass content increases, (i.e.
cement content decreased) workability decreases.
2) The replacement of cement by glass powder in concrete increases the compressive
strength of concrete. For 28 days increase of 4.50 %, 14.53% and 25.70% strength
can be achieved when 5%, 10% and 15% cement was replaced by glass powder in
concrete. This increase in strength up to 15% replacement of cement by glass
powder may be due to the pozzolanic reaction of glass powder due to high silica
content. Also it effectively fills the voids and gives dense concrete
microstructures,
3) The replacement of cement by glass powder in concrete also increases the split
tensile strength of concrete. Increase of 2.82 %, 7.05 % and 16.47 % strength can
be achieved when 5%,10% and 15% cement was replaced by glass powder in
concrete when water/ cement ratio was maintained constant.
4) The flexural strength of glass powder concrete increases by 6.43%, 14..85% and
19.80% at the replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% respectively when compare with
conventional mix.

1) Alhassan A. Y. and Apata A. O, (2012),” The Behaviour of Portland - Pozzolana Cement Concrete in Aggressive
Environments”, Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 3 (4): 673-676,
(ISSN: 2141-7016).
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Reinforcing Steel Corrosion of Concretes with Recycled Concrete Aggregates and Supplementary Cementing
Materials”, International Journal Of Electrochemical Science, Vol. 7,pp-1602-1610.
3) Bajad M.N., Modhera C.D. and Desai A.K. (2012), “Higher Strength Concrete using Glass Powder,” Journal of
Structural Engineering, Vol. 39, No. 3, August-September 2012, pp. 380-383.
4) Bhat V.V., Bhavanishankar Rao N. (2014),” Influence of Glass Powder on the Properties Of Concrete”,
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) –ISSN: 2231-5381 ,Volume 16 ,Number 5-
oct 2014.
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20.
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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2015 1 ISSN 2250-
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10) Kumarappan N. (2013) “Partial Replacement Cement in Concrete Using Waste Glass” International Journal of
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