Informatics infant nutrition

Informatics infant nutrition

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  Kia YangInfant Nutrition
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  IntroductionProper infant nutritionis very important for the first year of life due to rapid growth and development. Too much or too little of any food or fluids can potentially lead to health problems. Infants relay heavily on caretakers because they cannot feed themselves. Therefore, it is vital for caretakers to have the proper knowledge and training in infant nutrition.
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  DefinitionsNewborns are definedas birth to 1 month.
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  Infants are definedas the ages from 1 month to 12 months.Growth and Development of the InfantBirth weight doubles by 5 months and triples by 1 year.
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  Height increases abouta foot each year.
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  Teeth erupt atabout 6 months and may have 6-8 teeth by 1 year.
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  By 1 year,infants are able to feed themselves.Nutritional Needs of the NewbornCaloric intake: 50 – 55 kcal/lb/day or 105 – 108 kcal/kg/day
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  Fluid requirements: 64– 73 mL/lb/day or 140 – 160 mL/kg/day
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  During thefirst 6 months weight gain includes: Formula fed – 1 oz/day; Breastfed – 0.5 oz/day
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  Protein is neededfor cellular growth.
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  Fat is neededfor calories and in the development of the brain and neurological system.
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  Carbohydrates are neededfor energy.
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  Formula fednewborns double their birth weight between 3.5 – 4 months of age.
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  Breastfed newborns doubletheir birth weight at 5 months of age. Infant Nutritional PatternFrom Birth – 1 month:Eats every 2 – 3 hours, breast or bottle
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  2 – 3ounces (60 – 90 mL) per feedingFrom 2 – 4 months:Has coordinated suck-swallow
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  Eats every 3– 4 hours
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  3 – 4ounces (90 – 120 mL) per feedingFrom 4 – 6 months:Begins baby food, usually rice cereal
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  Eats 4 ormore times daily
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  4 – 5ounces (100 – 150 mL) per feedingInfant Nutritional Pattern ContinuedFrom 6 – 8 months:Eats baby food such as rice cereal, fruits, and vegetables
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  Eats 4 timesdaily
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  6 – 8ounces (160 – 225 mL) per feedingFrom 8 – 10 months:Enjoys soft finger foods
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  Eats 4 timesdaily
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  6 ounces (160mL) per feedingFrom 10 – 12 months:Eats most soft table foods with family
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  Uses cup withor without lid
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  Attempts to feedself with spoon though spills often
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  Eats 4 timesdaily
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  6 – 8ounces (160 – 225 mL) per feedingIntroduction of Solid Foods in Infancy RecommendationsIntroduce rice cereal at 4 – 6 months.
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  Introduce fruits andvegetables at 6 – 8 months.
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  Introduce meats at8 – 10 months.
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  Use single-foodprepared baby foods rather than combination meals.
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  Most importantly introduceone new food at a time, waiting at least 3 days to introduce another because if a food allergy or intolerance develops, it will be easy to identify.
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  Avoid carrots, beets,and spinach before 4 months of age.
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  Infants can befed mashed portions of table foods such as carrots, rice, and potatoes.
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  Avoid adding sugar,salt, and spices when mixing own baby foods.
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  Avoid honey untilat least 1 year of age.Signals that Alert the Parent to Begin Introduction Solid FoodsHas good head control such as holding head up without wobbling.
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  Being able tosit well with little support.
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  Has doubled theirbirth weight and weighs at least 13 pounds.
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  Still hungry after8 to 10 breast feedings or after drinking 32 ounces of formula a day.
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  Showing interest infoods that others are eating.
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  Leaning toward foodor spoon and may open mouth in anticipation.
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  Being able tomove foods from the front to the back of the mouth.
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  Being able topick up and hold a small object in their hand.
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  Being able tofeed themselves with their fingers.
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  Drinking from acup with your help.
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  Being able toturn away to signal “enough.”Introduction of WaterAsk your healthcare provider when you may offer your baby a bottle of water. Don’t add sugar to the water unless prescribed by your doctor. Don’t give flavored drinks, soda pop, or even fruit juice to a newborn. Some fruit juices, such as apple juice, provide empty calories without added nutrition.ReferencesGnatuk, C. A. (2009, October). Newborn; Parent Express; A Guide for You and Your Baby. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Family and Consumer Sciences: http://www.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/fcs3/fcs3130/fcs3130.pdfHunter, J. G., & Cason, K. L. (2008, October). Feeding Your Infant. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from Clemson University Cooperative Extension: http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/food/nutrition/nut rition/life_stages/hgic4100.htmlLondon, M. L., Ladewig, P. W., Binder, R. C., & Ball, J. W. (2007). Maternal and Child Nursing Care. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education Inc.