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- 1. Writing process for paragraphs Rigorous academicapproach 11 Community actions 10 Environmental conservation 9 First Course BGU Future tense 3 Life evolution and environmental awareness 6 Academic reading 8 The History of Our World S c i e n c e S o c i a l S t u d i e s L a n g u a g e 1 Vocabulary related to Science, History, and Ecology 2 Values English Pedagogical Module 1 Curricular Threads: Communication and Cultural Awareness, Oral Communication, Reading, Writing, Language Through the Arts How did everything begin? Zero and first conditional 4 Simple past and past of to be 5 E n g l i s h History of our planet 7 What do we know about our planet’s past? How can we protect it for future generations? 1 The Universe Is Extensive and Mysterious Humans look at the sky and wonder how it was created and what is out there. Somewhere in the universe there is a small blue planet; we live there. It is a wonderful place, full of life and beauty. Humans are always trying to discover what happened before their existence. Scientists try to find clues about the Earth’s past and some wonderful past inhabitants, and some answers that can tell us about the future too. Humans know that they have lived on the planet just a couple of thousands of years. We have shared land and water with animals and plants that were here long before the first humans appeared. However, our intelligence has helped us create and develop wonderful tools and technology that have taken us to where we are now. Sometimes it seems people forget that some of our resources are limited, and that we should take care of our beautiful home which gives us food, water, and shelter. Non-Commercial Licence
- 2. The most acceptedtheory that explains the origin of the universe states that it all started 14 billion years ago. Back then, there was a tiny particle, like an atom, which was very hot and dense. This particle exploded causing the universe to form; matter started to expand and created millions of galaxies. The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way. Our planet is approximately 4.5 billion (4,567,000,000) years old. Its origin is still a mystery today, but some theories exist. The “Core Accron Theory” states that at the beginning, our solar system was rotating dust and gases. Then, the primitive sun’s gravity attracted these materials and they all started spinning around it. Some clouds formed and became solids. Our planet was formed by a solid metal core, a liquid mantle and a thin but hard crust. Source: https://bit.ly/2Z12wcg | https://bit.ly/2wziNJo | https://bit.ly/2WgauS0 What is the universe? It consists of everything we call matter, stars, galaxies and others, but surprisingly only 10% of it is matter and 90% is dark space. Freepik Freepik Many cultures have different views about the creation of the universe and the Earth. For instance, China has a legend about a bored giant who shook the universe causing a huge explosion that created lots of stars and planets. Ancient Egyptians believed the god Ra created the universe with his body fluids. Culture 2 Communication and Cultural Awareness What do you know about the origin of the universe and our planet? Some cultures believe in creation from chaos and a cosmic egg, like the Babylonian, Greek, and Hindu cultures. Others believe in creation out of body parts of gods, like the Egyptians and Nordic cultures. There is also the idea of creation through alternate universes, as some North American people believed. And other cultures believe in mythical animals that came from water and created everything, believed by the Japanese and Cherokee. Culture Vocabulary tiny. very small matter. the thing that forms physical objects and occupies space dust. fine powder made from a particular substance spin. to turn around repeatedly mantle. the middle layer of the Earth that is between the top crust and the inner core Lesson A Origin of the Universe and the Planet Talk to your classmates about the different views about the origin of the universe. • What does your community say about the origin of the universe? • How did our planet form? Non-Commercial Licence
- 3. Social Studies 3 A paleontologistlooking for a fossil Freepik Oral Communication How do we know about the past of our planet? Vocabulary inhabit. to live in a place ground / land. the solid part of the Earth’s surface; a geological space remains. the dead body of a person or animal evolve. to change or develop slowly often into a more advanced state; to develop by a process of evolution Tip The geologic time scale is divided into eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. The four major eras are Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic, and they are subdivided into shorter periods. What life forms existed on the planet before humans? Listen to a group of students talking about what they learned in today’s class. Circle the characteristics about the living things they mention. Bacteria a. large c. released oxygen b. tiny d. inhabited planet millions of years Plants a. were the first land beings c. were like mosses b. had flowers d. appeared 470 million years ago Amphibians a. first on land c. were fish descendants b. they stayed on land d. all of them evolved into reptiles Reptiles a. all of them were very similar c. dinosaurs were not reptiles b. all of them were giant d. many species still survive Non-Commercial Licence
- 4. Science 4 Reading How did lifeappear? Everything began. Pre- Cambrian: It started about 4.6 billion years ago. The Earth was formed in the beginning of this era. The air was very toxic. The first one-celled living beings appeared, and then multi- celled and more complex beings. They lived in water. Paleozoic: It was a time of great changes in the planet and it is subdivided in six periods: • Cambrian: First shellfish, primitive fish, corals, algae and mollusks were dominant in the oceans. • Ordovician: First land plants and initial fish appeared. • Silurian: First insects emerged and more plants were on land. • Devonian: The first sharks appeared, as well as bony fish. Amphibians and spiders and the first terrestrial forests started colonizing land. • Carboniferous: The first reptiles and insects with wings appeared on land. • Permian: Diverse animal and plant life appeared, reptiles diversified. Then there was a mass extinction. Origin and Evolution of Life Answer True (T) or False (F) according to the information in the reading. If the sentence is false, correct it to make it true. • The environment in the Pre-Cambrian Era had oxygen at the beginning. • The first living things that appeared were cyanobacteria. • Amphibians appeared before fish. • Plants first emerged in water. • The first fish appeared during the Devonian period. Oxygen was not always present on our planet as it is now. In the beginning, toxic gases were all around and some primitive bacteria lived and developed in that environment. Ancient cyanobacteria appeared and released oxygen into the environment for so long and formed the atmosphere. This caused other primitive bacteria to die. It was the beginning of photosynthesis. Source: https://bit.ly/2XmoMN9 https://bit.ly/2wtHqaj Interesting Facts Vocabulary release. to allow (a substance) to enter the air, water, soil, etc. bony. Resembling bone. Hard substance. Full of bones What did you learn about the origins of life on our planet? What do you know about the beginning of our planet? Discuss your ideas in small groups or as a class. Non-Commercial Licence
- 5. 5 The simple pastis used when an action was completed in past. It means that an action started and finished at a specific point in the past. Past time expressions: last, ago, yesterday. Simple past Animals appeared millions of years ago. Animals didn’t appear some years ago. Did animals appear some years ago? Past of TO BE Was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they) The Earth was a hot planet at the beginning. The Earth wasn’t cold at the beginning. Was the Earth hot at the beginning? Grammar Note Writing How did water appear on Earth? The Origin of Water Water in Young Earth Freepik 2. After reading the text, answer the following questions in complete sentences. • Which theory do you think is true about the origin of water on our planet? • Discuss this topic with your teacher and classmates. Do you think water existed on other planets too? Write your conclusion. Use the past tense. • Find three or four words from the passage that you did not understand. Write them here and find their meaning in a dictionary. 1. Complete the following passage using the verbs from the boxes in the past tense. There will be one extra verb. Water is an essential part of our planet. Without water, no life would be possible. We all about the water formula and its cycle in nature. We have also seen how much water there is in the oceans on maps, but... do we know how water on our planet? One of the most known theories says that water in our planet because asteroids and comets have water in them in the form of ice. In the Pre-Cambrian era, thousands of meteorites the surface of Earth, causing great destruction. The water stayed on our surface and create life. Another theory claims that water existed on Earth from the beginning. Scientists have discovered some asteroids as old as our planet and found evidence of water in them. According to some experts, water could have appeared before we even . Source: https://bit.ly/2BvDfNl | https://bit.ly/2QjxjgX arrive learn help think hit appear Non-Commercial Licence
- 6. 6 Language Through theArts Trilobites Freepik What are some ways I can tell a story? Tip Drawings do not have to be perfect. Remember we all can be artists. All you need is to be creative. Try to use colors. Comic and Role-Play Use your creativity What did you learn about the origins of life on our planet? Grammar Note Remember that most verbs in the simple past end in -ed, but that many verbs are irregular and have different forms, like eat-ate, sleep-slept, and many more. To learn these, it is best to see them in context and not simply memorize them in a list. Create a comic about the first two eras. Draw a 6-panel comic and tell your classmates about any topic from the unit. Use the simple past and complete sentences. Be prepared to act it out with your classmates. Be creative! Once upon a time Some time later Finally 1 2 3 4 5 6 Non-Commercial Licence
- 7. Listen to someonetalk about fossils. Answer the questions according to what you hear. • What is a fossil? • How is a stone fossil formed? • Where are fossils usually formed? Insect fossil Dinosaur fossil Freepik Wikipedia Commons Plant fossil Freepik 7 Oral Communication How do we know what creatures existed on earth? shell. the hard outer covering of an animal, insect, etc., that protects it tissue. the material that forms parts of a plant or animal decay. to be slowly broken down by the natural processes that destroy a dead plant or body amber. a hard orange-yellow substance that can be polished and used for jewelry and other decorations footprints. a mark left by a foot or shoe Vocabulary What helped scientists discover what creatures existed before humans? Share your ideas with your classmates. Freepik Fre epik Fossils Non-Commercial Licence
- 8. 8 Meat-eater dinosaur Freepik Communication andCultural Awareness What do you know about dinosaurs? hatch. to cause (a young bird, insect, fish, etc.) to come out of an egg — usually used as (be) hatched roam. to go to different places without having a particular purpose or plan Vocabulary The geological eras were proposed based on studies done by scientists that have researched the topic for decades. On the other hand, various religions around the world propose different approaches about the origin of the universe and life. What we learn is what science says. What you think about it depends on your beliefs and world view. Interesting Facts Lesson B Interesting Facts About Dinosaurs • Dinosaurs inhabited the earth for over 165 million years. • “Dinosaur” means “terrifying lizard”. • Eoraptor is the oldest known dinosaur, a carnivore that lived 228 million years ago. • Dinosaurs hatched from eggs. • Dinosaurs were a class of reptiles, but they were different from those we see today. • Most paleontologists believe that birds are the only surviving dinosaurs. • The most enormous dinosaurs were as long as a blue whale and much taller than a giraffe. The smallest dinosaurs were as a small as a chicken. • Some dinosaurs were carnivores, meat-eaters, and walked on two legs; while some were herbivores, plant-eaters, and walked on all four legs. Source: https://bit.ly/2JPZjcQ Make a list of facts you know about dinosaurs as a class. Try to answer questions like: When did they live? Where? What did they eat? How big were they? Answer the questions based on what you read. • Are there any surviving dinosaurs? • How long did dinosaurs roam the Earth? • Write 2 facts that you find very interesting about dinosaurs. Non-Commercial Licence
- 9. 9 Oral Communication Mesozoic Era Freepik Dinosaurspecies Diplodocus Freepik Did all dinosaurs live at the same time? seeds. a small object produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow spread. to open, arrange, or place (something) over a large area mammals. a type of animal that feeds milk to its young and that usually has hair or fur covering most of its body rodents. small animals (such as a mouse, rat, squirrel, or beaver) that have sharp front teeth huge. very large, very great in size, amount, or degree landscape. a picture that shows a natural scene of land or the countryside Vocabulary Listen to someone talk about the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods. Take notes on what you hear. How much of this information did you know before? Talk about the movies or programs you have seen about dinosaurs. Did they say when dinosaurs lived? Non-Commercial Licence
- 10. Language 10 Reading Value: Rigorous AcademicApproach What happened to animals that lived long ago? Periodically, every 50 to 100 million years or so, the Earth has experienced mass extinctions. There have been at least ten extinction events in the past. Generally, scientists think that the extinctions resulted from drastic environmental changes that followed events such as meteorites, comet impacts, or massive volcanic eruptions. Interesting Fact Circle the correct answer. 1. What was the most devastating mass extinction that our planet faced? b. Permian extinction c. Jurassic extinction d. Cretaceous extinction 2. What caused the dinosaurs’ extinction? c. volcanic eruptions d. cold weather e. a meteorite 3. When did dinosaurs go extinct? Answer in a complete sentence. Mass Extinction Mass extinction is the disappearance of a large number of the Earth’s species. The most devastating extinction was at the end of the Permian period; an estimated 95% of marine species and 60% of insects disappeared about 245 million years ago. Huge volcanic eruptions continued for thousands of years and caused destruction and dust that blocked the sun. It caused global cooling that froze the water’s surface. The most famous mass extinction was in the end of the Cretaceous period, when the dinosaurs and many other plants and animals disappeared and up to 75% of all marine life died. It occurred 65 million years ago. A theory says that a big asteroid with a diameter of 10km hit the planet and created a giant cloud of rocks, dust, and sulfur in the air that blocked the sunlight. Catastrophic climate change did not let dinosaurs survive. Source: https://bit.ly/2Z3oyLy Freepik Meteorite falling to Earth Find three words you do not know, look for their definition and write it down. Choose one and use it to write a sentence. 1. 2. 3. Sentence: Non-Commercial Licence
- 11. 11 Writing What did Ilearn about the ancient history of our planet? Write a paragraph about the history of the planet or evolution. Check the writing process in the margin. To express sequence you can use some words like: first, then, next, and finally. Use the past tense. Write 60-70 words. Graphic organizer Mineduc topic detail detail detail conclusion Mineduc Tip Writing process Do this in your notebook. Brainstorming: Write ideas and words on the topic. Organization: Organize the information. Here it makes sense to use chronological order, the order in which the events happened. First draft: Write a first version of your paragraph. Self-check and peer review: Check your paragraph’s punctuation, capitalization, and grammar. Make any necessary changes. Let a classmate read it. He or she can comment on anything that may need to be fixed. Final product: Write the paragraph in the space given with all changes and suggestions. Present it. Non-Commercial Licence
- 12. Ancient Animals Dioramaand Oral Presentation A diorama is a scene that captures a moment in time. Sometimes dioramas are life-size, like in many museums. 12 Language Through the Arts What else can we learn about the past? Mineduc diorama example Choose any studied period and find its characteristics. Look for more information about it. • Draw and paint the back of the box to set the background. • Draw some animals and plants on paper or cardboard. • Paste them in the box. • Present it to the class or to a partner. Use the simple past tense to explain what happened during the period you chose. Materials • Shoe box or any little box • Paints or crayons of different colors • Cardboard or paper • Glue and scissors • Any material you can find around you • What period did I choose? • Why? F r e e p ik Freepik Non-Commercial Licence
- 13. 13 Oral Communication Have youseen a fossil? Is there a museum in your city or town? If so, have you visited it? If not, as a class discuss the things you would put in a museum in your town or city. Write down some of your ideas. What do you think we can discover through fossils? Do you think that studying fossils is interesting? Why or why not? Freepik Fossil of dinosaur in a museum Freepik Fossil of dinosaur José Valencia Fossil of dinosaur in a museum Natural History Museums 1. Listen to the interview about museums and complete the activities. Write True (T) or False (F). If it is false, correct it to make it true. • Sandy T. Brown is a geologist. • They are talking about art museums. 2. What statements are said in the interview? Underline all the correct answers. a. We can only find dinosaurs in this kind of museums. b. We learn about the strangest animals in the world. c. These museums are very popular. d. They are not important. e. These museums have a lot of information about biodiversity and genetics. 3. Complete the missing words: When someone they a new species, we can it with species and determine if it is new or not. Non-Commercial Licence
- 14. 14 Achievement Level -Reading Individual activity Natural History Museum L.A: Schedule Open every day from 9h30 am to 5 pm. School field trips available every morning from 9am to 2pm. Dinosaur Encounters Hall: Open only for school field trips on Mondays from 9am to 10am. Fossil Detectives Hall: Open only for school field trips on Mondays from 9am to 12pm. Circle the correct statements. 1. Everybody can visit all museum’s halls on Mondays from 9am to 5pm. 2. Schools can visit the museum every day at any hour. 3. Dinosaur Encounters Hall opens only for schools on Monday mornings. 1 Graded activities 14 Assessment Achievement Level - Reading Individual activity Different Kinds of Museums Match the person with the kind of museum they are looking for. A. Art Institute B. Museum of Ancient and Modern Times C. Museum of famous figures 1. Martha is looking for a museum where she can learn about the history of the country. 2. Louis is looking for a museum where he can learn about the origins of life and animals that inhabited the planet in the past. 3. Santiago is looking for a museum where he can learn about art, history, and famous people of the country. 2 Non-Commercial Licence
- 15. 15 Assessment How dideverything begin? Achievement Level - Writing Individual activity Write a story telling about a visit to a museum or historic site. Use the past tense when necessary. Say when you went and who went with you. Write 100 - 120 words. I visited 3 Achievement Level - Vocabulary / Grammar Individual activity Complete the following sentences with a few words that express the same as the given. My friends were in London a week ago. My friends last week. Students talk about their visit to many museums in New York. Students in New York. When I studied History I found it boring, but now I love it. I got but now I love it. 4 I check the box that most applies to me Topics I do it very well I do it somewhat well I can improve I can’t do it without help Use the past tense to talk about things that happened Talk about prehistoric times Listen to formal conversations and answer questions about them Self-evaluation I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module. Non-Commercial Licence
- 16. Project 1 Materials • Clayor flour with • Water • Toothpicks or sticks from plants • Leaves if necessary • Glue Let’s Make Our Own Fossil 16 Instructions • Choose a type of fossil and research it. • What animal or plant is it? • When did it live? What period and era? • Draw what it looked like on a piece of paper. • Make a model of your fossil and cover it with glue. Let it dry. • Write a short paragraph (40 - 50 words) about it and present it to the class. Freepik illustrated triceratop fossil Presentation Use a piece of cardboard or the top of a shoe box to present your fossil. My fossil is a It lived during the I chose it because Freepik Petrified, footprint, remains, printed, amber, frozen, period, food, large, little, hunter, animal, plant. Useful vocabulary Non-Commercial Licence
- 17. Let's Review Communication andCultural Awareness There are different world views about the history of our planet. We must respect every person’s beliefs and ideas. Different cultures around the planet have different theories about origins of the universe and world, and also about when and how humans first appeared. People from around the world take care of the planet in different ways. Question: What do you remember about how different cultures care for our planet? We have developed skills to understand texts with scientific information and search for specific topics. We have learned several vocabulary words about science, history, and ecology. We have read about many interesting facts of our planet. Question: What was your favorite topic from the first half of the module? Why? Reading and Vocabulary Language Through the Arts We have developed our creativity by: • drawing a comic about the history of our planet. • designing a diorama to show a specific time of our history. Question: Question: How do you think art has helped you with language? We talked about many topics and shared our opinions. We listened to dialogues, interviews, and passages. We learned and used past tense patterns to talk about the history of our planet. Question: What have you learned in your debates with your classmates? Oral Communication and Grammar 17 17 Non-Commercial Licence
- 18. Origin of HumansThrough Different Worldviews Different cultures in the world have various theories about the origin of humans. Most of them are related to their religious beliefs. Communication and Cultural Awareness What is the origin of humans? Lesson C a. Hindu: Lord Brahma created the universe, human beings, and all forms of life. Different species came from Brahma’s body and he first created humans from his soul as the strongest of all. c. Chinese: Pangu kept earth and heaven separated. When he died, his body became parts of our planet, his eyes became the sun and moon, and a lot of insects turned into human beings to inhabit earth. b. Mayas: The Creators, Heart of Sky, and a Feathered Serpent created humans “who could talk and keep the days”, out of white and yellow corn. d. Sumerians: The gods came to make earth a beautiful place and created men to help them with the labor. The first man was created out of a death god’s blood and clay in a place called Eden. Incas There are many theories about human origin in Inca culture; the most known says the god Viracocha made Earth dark without sun, moon, or stars. He also created some giant beings and some humans. His rules were broken, so he sent 60 days and 60 nights of rain. He kept two humans with him and brought eternal light, sun, moon, and the stars from Lake Titicaca. He then created other living things and human beings. Culture soul. the spiritual part of a person that is believed to give life to the body and in many religions is believed to live forever feathered. covered by feathers “keep the days”. to be aware of time clay. a heavy, sticky material from the earth that is made into different shapes and that becomes hard when it is baked or dried Vocabulary 18 18 Discuss what your community says about human origin. Is it similar to any of the stories you just read? How? Pangu, The Creator W i k i p e d i a / W a n g Q i Marduck, The King of Gods W i k i p e d i a / R a m a Hun Ixim, Mayan god W i k i p e d i a / L e o n a r d G . Lord Brahma F r e e p i k Non-Commercial Licence
- 19. How did humansappear on Earth? Human Development A Visit to the Natural History Museum Oral Communication resource. a supply of something that someone has and can use when it is needed field. an open area of land without trees or buildings allow. to permit (someone) to have or do something upright. positioned to be straight up. vertical figure out. to understand or find (something, such as a reason or a solution), by thinking evolution. it is the process in which animals change over time in order to adapt and survive genetics. the study of our genes and how we develop as a species Vocabulary 2. Listen again and write True (T) or False (F) in the circle. a. There is one single theory about the origin of humans. b. Humans, monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees are primates. c. Evolution helps species survive. d. Humans come from ancient apes that lived near all resources. e. Living in open fields made early humans walk on four feet. f. Walking upright helped humans become faster. g. Early humans had body protection. Freepik 19 19 1. Listen to a recording about the history of humans and complete the missing information. a. Scientists say humans originated . b. Our early ancestors were such as , , and chimpanzees. c. Two groups of primates similar to lived in Africa. d. Some near resources and the other did in fields. e. One group became and the other remained apes. f. The first humans developed a that allowed them to build , , and walking helped them What made human beings become what we are today? Non-Commercial Licence
- 20. Both Sides ofHuman Intervention Read the following passage and consider our positive and negative effect on our planet. Humans have inhabited the planet for about 2 million years, and during this time many events have occurred. Human intelligence has created several things; many of them have helped humanity face diseases and threats. Discoveries and inventions such as vaccines and antibiotics have saved thousands of lives. The printing press has allowed us to share more knowledge and transportation has helped us move around the world and trade with other countries. Technology has shortened distance in communication and informs us in seconds of events all around the world. However, not all inventions are positive. Other discoveries, like technology used for war and mass destruction, as well as nuclear, chemical, or biological bombs are extremely dangerous and might lead humans to extinction. Industry causes high levels of pollution and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and lots of toxic chemicals are dumped into rivers and seas. Global warming is a reality. Everyday activities such as producing our food, commuting, using plastic, large-scale fishing, monoculture plantations, among others; are destroying our planet little by little. We hear about hundreds of plant and animal species that are endangered or even extinct. We need to take responsibility for our actions that affect our planet. Communication and Cultural Awareness How do we humans affect our planet, positively and negatively? 20 20 Make a list of all positive and negative effects of humans found in the text. disease. an illness that affects a person, animal, or plant: a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally threat. something that can put you in danger vaccine. a substance that is usually injected into a person or animal to protect against a particular disease trade. the activity or process of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services dump. to put (something) somewhere in a quick and careless way commute. to travel regularly to and from a place and especially between where you live and where you work endangered. used to describe a type of animal or plant that has become very rare and that could die out completely Vocabulary 1 2 Positive Negative Many countries are really worried about the future of our planet and try to implement policies and regulations to stop the accelerated destruction of nature. In order to do this, states around the world have signed agreements that help stop destruction. Interesting Fact Non-Commercial Licence
- 21. Persuasive Writing What ispersuasive writing? What is its purpose? The purpose of a persuasive essay is to persuade readers to adopt the writer’s point of view on an issue and/or agree with a suggested course of action. To accomplish this, you need to develop logical and reasonable arguments that support your opinions. You are going to write a persuasive paragraph of 60-70 words about what you think the impact of humans has been on the planet. First, decide if you think humans have had a more positive or negative impact. Then, think of ideas to support your opinion, and finally a concluding sentence. Write your ideas in the graphic organizer below. Writing Do you think humans have a positive or negative impact on the planet? persuade. to cause (someone) to believe something: convince agree. to have the same opinion accomplish. to succeed in doing (something) argument. statement or series of statements for or against something supporting. one that supports: to defend as valid or right Vocabulary 21 21 Title Paragraph Main idea (topic sentence) Conclusion Supporting Detail 1 Supporting Detail 2 Supporting Detail 3 Tip Topic Sentence: States the idea you want to support. Supporting details: Include some facts and details that will make readers believe in your ideas. Conclusion: End your paragraph with a strong idea related to the topic sentence. Never include new ideas in the concluding sentence. Freepik Non-Commercial Licence
- 22. Language Through theArts Can we create art from pollution? Organizing an Art Project You are an artist!! Let’s make a piece of art out of trash! We all are aware of the problem of pollution and garbage we are facing nowadays. Some artists from around the world have created amazing pieces of art using trash. The artists’ objective is to promote social change either by creating works of art or by performing. Flickr / Derek Law “Bristol Whales” by Sue Lipscombe Tip A group of students in Barcelona, Spain created a complete piece of art representing the ocean with only plastic bags. trash. things that are no longer useful or wanted and that have been thrown away nowadays. at the present time amazing. causing great surprise or wonder throw away. to get rid of something by treating it as garbage Vocabulary Wikipedia / Nagesh Kamath “Trash?! No way, Art!!” Wikipedia / Paul Van Welden Animalsmadeoutofplasticandmetal.ArturBordalo 22 22 Your work of art may take some time so it will be presented as a final project. It is better to work in groups. Step 1. Identify what material is most commonly thrown away in your community. Step 2. Investigate how long the material takes to decompose in nature. Step 3. Decide what art project you can make with the material. Step 4. Collect the material and create your work of art! a. Present your pre-project to the class. b. Tell the class what you chose and why. Explain your plans for the project. Non-Commercial Licence
- 23. Protecting Nature agreement. asituation in which people share the same opinion treaty. an official agreement that is made between two or more countries or groups concern. a feeling of worry usually shared by many people subscribe. to belong to or support something (such as an organization) spill. to cause or allow (something) to fall, flow, or run over the edge of a container usually in an accidental way whaling. the job or business of hunting whales reinforce. to encourage or give support to (an idea, behavior, feeling, etc.) speech. a spoken expression of ideas, opinions, etc., that is made by someone who is speaking in front of a group of people Vocabulary Listen to a person talk about international agreements to protect the environment. Fill in the timeline to show the important events. Oral Communication What is the world doing to avoid environmental destruction? “Now must be our moment for action” In 2014, the famous actor Leonardo DiCaprio gave a speech in front of the largest group of government, business, and civil society leaders in history at the United Nations Climate Summit. His speech had 1.6 million views on the United Nations channel and appeared in over 45,000 news articles across the globe. He asked nations to consider the possibility of using alternative energy sources and reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions. The UN Secretary-General named Leonardo as a United Nations Messenger of Peace for Climate. Do you know what is happening with CO₂ emissions? • Discuss the effects of CO₂ emissions as a class. Write down two of them. • What can you do to decrease the effects of gas emissions? 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 23 23 Value: Environmental conservation Wikipedia / GabboT Leonardo Dicaprio’s speech in the United Nations Non-Commercial Licence
- 24. 24 Communication and CulturalAwareness What are other people doing to help the environment? Indigenous people are only 5% of the world’s population. Their territories cover 22% of the planet and make up 80% of the biodiversity of the world. They are the guardians of nature and protect it by keeping old traditions like growing food. They only grow plants that are part of the environment. They hunt only what they need to eat or make clothes. Indigenous peoples adapt to their environment and respect it. Culture profiteering. the act of making money by selling things at very high prices at a time when they are hard to get support. to give help or assistance to someone or something ship/vessel. a large boat used for traveling long distances by sea dump. a place where waste is taken and left nest. a place where an animal or insect lives and usually lays eggs or takes care of its young debris. things (such as broken pieces and old objects) that are lying where they fell or that have been left somewhere because they are not wanted Vocabulary Flickr / Greg Bishop Sea Shepherd ship Flickr / Nat Parra Baby sea turtles hatching from eggs Invisible but Powerful Actions Sea Shepherd There are many non-government organizations that fight every day to protect nature. Sea Shepherd is a movement that takes action directly to defend, conserve, and protect the oceans of the world from illegal profiteering and environmental destruction. Some famous TV nature show stars such as Steve Irwin supported this organization for a long time. His help was so appreciated that the biggest ship vessel of the movement had his name and operated defending sea life for many years. https://bit.ly/3aBonNa From Dump to Nest The beach of Versova in Mombay, India recovered its beauty after two years of people cleaning up trash. Afroz Shah went back to his town and saw his favorite beach covered with garbage. At the beginning he was all alone cleaning, and then a group of volunteers joined him. He collected 13,000 kg of debris during the time of the campaign. Now, marine turtles nest and hatch there. https://bit.ly/38FiOw1 Lesson D • Do you and your classmates at school do something in order to help the environment? • What can you do at home to start helping nature? Non-Commercial Licence
- 25. Value: Community actions 25 Let'sDo Our Part! Oral Communication Can we prevent climate change? How? shortage. a state in which there is not enough of something that is needed ban. prohibit something village. a small town in the countryside due to. because of (something) take-out. to-go, take home reusable. something that can be used again greenhouse. a building that has glass walls and a glass roof, used for growing plants Vocabulary Listen to someone talk about plans to help the Earth recover and avoid great destruction in the coming years. Underline the correct statement according to what you hear. 1. What will happen to water in the future? There will be a lot. There will be a little. 2. What will help reduce energy consumption? Growing your own food. Using solar panels. 3. What will happen to the ocean in the future? Plastic items will be more numerous than fish. Large-scale fisheries will be all over the world. 4. What are some positive effects of growing your own food? It may reduce monocultures. It will save marine life. 5. What are some people going to do? Take shorter showers. Use solar panels. Freepik Alternative energy sources Many countries in the world have banned single use plastic bags, bottles, containers, and forks, knives, and spoons in order to reduce plastic pollution. France was the first country to ban plastic. Interesting Facts Non-Commercial Licence
- 26. 26 Reading What if wedo not change habits with the environment? What If...? Read the following. Observe the use of zero and first conditionals. Scientists all around the world have warned about the terrible consequences for our survival if we do not start changing the way we use natural resources. a. If population growth continues this fast, there will not be enough food for everybody in the future. b. If we have high CO2 concentration levels, the sun’s heat does not go back into space and stays on the planet. c. If the sun’s heat stays, it produces a greenhouse effect and global warming. d. If humans destroy ecosystems, many species lose their homes forever. Now, two in five amphibian species are at risk of extinction. e. If farmers do not stop using toxic chemicals on crops, many pollinator insects will disappear. In some regions, one in ten insect species are in danger of extinction. f. If we do not reduce plastic use, our oceans will have more plastic items in them than animals. g. If the temperature of the planet increases, ice from the poles will melt and disappear. h. If the ice at the poles disappears, many cities on the coasts will be flooded. i. If we start doing something now, we will avoid a sad future. Reese, 2009; Watts, 2019. growth. an increase in the number, amount, or size of something go back. to return crop. a plant or plant product that is grown by farmers increase. to become larger or greater in size, amount, number, etc. melt. to change or to cause (something) to change from a solid to a liquid usually because of heat avoid. to prevent the occurrence of something Vocabulary From the list presented above, choose four possible consequences of actual human habits on the environment. Write a possible solution for each of them. a. b. c. d. The zero and first conditionals are used in English to describe situations that do happen or will happen in the future. Zero Conditional: Facts, scientific laws, habits, instructions, and rules. If the sun’s heat stays, it produces a greenhouse effect and global warming. First Conditional: Probable result in the future for actions in present. If the temperature in the world increases, ice from the poles will melt and disappear. Grammar Note Non-Commercial Licence
- 27. 27 scheduled. a planof things that will be done and the times when they will be done Vocabulary Step 1. In the graphic organizer, brainstorm ideas about an environmental problem that already exists or that might exist in the future. Think of the cause or causes of the problem, and also the effects it has. Write them in the boxes. Step 2. Take your ideas from the graphic organizer and develop them into a paragraph of 60-70 words in your notebook. Be sure to use zero and first conditionals as well as connector words of cause and effect. Step 3. Read what you have written and see if you need to change anything. Step 4. Exchange your paragraph with a partner. Read your partner’s paragraph. Discuss these questions about your paragraphs with each other: • Can you easily see cause and effects? • Is the paragraph well-organized? • Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation mistakes? • Did the writer use the correct words? Step 5. Consider the comments from your partner and make any necessary changes. Then turn in a clean copy to your teacher. Cause Effect Effect Effect Cause and Effect Writing What will the future bring? Future tense: To be going to/ Present Continuous + future expression: Plans and arrangements. I am going to start taking shorter showers. I am starting today. Will: Decisions made at the moment, predictions, offers, and first conditional. Scientists say by 2030 there will be more plastic than fish in the oceans. Simple present: Scheduled events: transportation, conferences, classes, etc. I am visiting a museum next week. It opens at 9 am. Grammar Note Tip Connector words for cause and effect: because of, in fact, in order to, due to, as a result, as a consequence, for this reason, consequently, therefore. Non-Commercial Licence
- 28. 28 Recycling Making clothes hasa real negative impact on nature. “Fast Fashion” is causing lots of pollution in the world. It is said that the clothing industry releases 8% of all greenhouse gases. What can we do? We can recycle. Let’s learn to make interesting things with our old clothes. Source: http://cort.as/-Mq0Y Language Through the Arts What does it cost to buy new clothes? Freepik Bags made of recycled materials. Any old piece of clothing can be recycled. We can make shopping bags. Materials • Old t-shirts • Needle and different color thread • Materials you can find in your community for decoration • Scissors Get an old t-shirt. Draw a circle around the neck. Cut the neck where the circle is. Turn it inside out and sew the bottom together Cut off the sleeves. 1 2 3 4 5 Convert an old shirt into a bag Mineduc Answer the question. Use your creativity!! Can you recycle other pieces of clothing? How? What can you make? It takes 2700 liters of water to make a t-shirt. That is what one person drinks in two and a half years. Interesting Fact Non-Commercial Licence
- 29. 29 Galapagos Islands Oral Communication Whatis happening with pollution in our country? remote. far away, distant tiny. very small single-use. used to describe a product that is designed to be used only once reusable. something that can be used again patch. a small spot or area that is different from the rest Vocabulary Pixabay / Pen Ash Galapagos Islands Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch It is a gigantic floating island of plastic garbage in the north of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between California and Hawaii. It is approximately 1,600,000 km2 large (Ecuador is 283,560 km2) and is mostly composed of big pieces of plastic. Researchers say that some of that garbage came from the 2011 tsunami in Japan. Besides the Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch, there are thousands of little plastic islands floating in the ocean. Most of them are mainly fishing nets and debris from rivers. It is important to start reducing plastic use. We all can help! The Ocean Cleanup, 2019 Listen to a marine biologist talk about plastic pollution. Decide if each sentence is True (T) or False (F). If the sentence is false, correct it to make it true. 1. Plastic is normal in animals’ lives now. 2. Plastic garbage comes from Europe. 3. Plastic decomposes. 4. There are many little plastic islands in the ocean. 5. A solution can be reducing single-use plastic. 6. We do not have to use reusable items to help save the planet. Non-Commercial Licence
- 30. Graded activities Achievement Level- Reading Individual activity Read the text about robots and answer the questions that follow. 1 Assessment Write True (T) or False (F). If it is false, correct the statement to make it true. a. There are no robots in homes at this moment. b. It is necessary for a person to control a robotic vacuum cleaner. c. Big factories still have people doing everything. d. There is a robot that can help you to have nice grass. e. Robot pet dogs could stop people from getting into your house. Willwehaverobotsathome?There already are many kinds of robots! Big factories use a variety of robots that help put pieces together and do things that are dangerous for people. Some countries have robots that do things for people at home; for example, there is a robot that can cut the grass while you relax with a glass of lemonade! Also, there are robotic vacuum cleaners. They clean the floor by themselves. Now, many cars have GPS (Global Positioning Systems) in them. A car with a GPS system can give you directions on how to go somewhere, tell you where the closest gas station is, and, some day in the future, it will drive itself. You will take a nap or read while the car drives itself to your destination. There are some companies in the world that are going to build robot pets, and many of them will be in homes around the world. The Sony Company built a dog called Aibo that can sit and do lots of tricks. Some people are going to buy one of those dogs so they have a good robotic friend at home. Aibo is also a great guard dog. He can patrol the yard and take pictures of anything suspicious with a built-in camera. As you can see, we will probably have lots of robots around us in the future. https://bit.ly/2Q1vsyS Robots 30 Non-Commercial Licence
- 31. Assessment How dideverything begin? Achievement Level - Writing/Grammar Individual activity Complete the following sentences to say the same as the one given. Use only a few words with the future tense. a. My friends are planning to travel to Egypt next year. My friends to Egypt next year. b. Some people predict the use of flying cars in the future. Some people say in the future. c. It´s almost 3 pm! My train leaves in half an hour. My train . d. I have trouble with my Math homework. My friend tonight. 2 Achievement Level - Vocabulary Individual activity Use each of the following words in an original sentence to show that you understand what they mean. a. Soul b. Threat c. Accomplish d. Support e. Due to 3 I check the box that most applies to me Topics I do it very well I do it somewhat well I can improve I can’t do it without help Talk about the environment Write a cause-effect paragraph Use zero and first conditional Self-evaluation I’m completing this self-evaluation based on what I learned in the module. 31 Non-Commercial Licence
- 32. Project 2 32 Let’s MakeOur Own Art Paste a picture or draw your piece of art. Present your project to the class. • List all materials you used. • Tell where you found all materials. • Say if anyone helped you with the project. • Explain all the steps you followed to create your work of art. Use words like: first, then, next, and finally. Use the past tense. • Explain why it is so important to reuse material like what you used in your work of art. Freepik You are going to make your own individual art project. Your goal is to make your community aware of the importance of reusing material and recycling through your art. Step 1. Determine a material that is most commonly thrown away in my community. How long does it take to decompose in nature? Step 2. Think of something you can make with that item. Step 3. Decide what other items you will use to make your art. Step 4. Create your art! Notes Non-Commercial Licence