Instructional strategies

The Dick and Carey Approach to
Developing Effective Instructional
Strategies and Media Selection

 1.To describe the four elements of an
instructional strategy.

 2.To create effective lesson delivery
incorporating key learning components.

 Todevelop or adopt a system to design an
effective lesson.

 Touse an effective combination of micro and
macro strategies to present new material to
the learner.

 Aninstructional strategy according to Dick
and Carey is “a description of the process of
sequencing and organizing content,
specifying learning activities, and deciding
how to deliver the content and activities.”

The four main elements of an instructional
strategy:
1. Content sequence and clustering
2. Learning Components
3. Student Groupings
4. Selection of Media and Delivery Systems

Consider the following:

1. The age level of the learner
2. The complexity of the material
3. The type of learning taking place
4. Whether the activity can be varied thereby
focusing attention on the task
5. Amount of time required for each cluster of
objectives.

Determine how little or how much instruction is
needed for each cluster of objectives
considering the above factors.

Preinstructional Strategies

Motivation

A=Attention
R=Relevance
C=Confidence
S=Satisfaction

Entry Skills?

Gagne’s Theory of Learning

1.The Nine Events Video

2. Nine Events Example

3. Learning Conditions and Categories

Social Interaction is a broad goal of education
and a key part of growing up but should be
used carefully as it can hinder individual
learning.

Some things to consider:
 Do your objectives lend themselves to
cooperative learning activities?
 Your personal views
 Groups can motivate and encourage learning.
 Hard to accomplish with computer-based
learning

 Examples:Classroom lecture with
notes,powerpoint, correspondences, video,
computer or web-based

A delivery system should be chosen with the
following areas of a lesson in mind….

Inductive Learning vs. Deductive Learning

Choose strategies to match goals and type of
learning that will effectively deliver the idea
of the lesson.

Choose guidance and modeling or examples

Remember to include practice and feedback
when presenting

Choose guidance activities and modeling or
examples

Remember to include practice and feedback
when presenting

 How is the learning going to be assessed?
 How are going to know that they learned the
material?
 How will you know if your strategy was
effective?

 Strategies such as memory aides to study
material and remember concept
 Strategies to encourage the transfer of
information to real world applications or
more complex ideas.

Considerations:
 What content will the material include?
 Availability of materials?
 Decisions to adopt or adapt materials after
use
 Will your students have to submit rough draft
materials and how will you provide them the
scaffolding? Story boarding? Graphic
Organizers?
 What type are the materials? Assessment,
prerequisite skill review? Feedback? Transfer?
Delivery Methods?

1. Cost effectiveness
2. Flexibility and durability
3. Convenience
4. Replaces need for direct instruction?
5. Task requirements
6. Learner characteristics
7. Attitudes of teacher and learner

1. Review objectives and goals
2. Choose potential strategy
3. Review analysis of learners for needed adaptations
4. Decided on needed components to create media.
5. Survey expects, ask colleagues, research
6. Create a story board or rough draft to assess for
clarity
7. Write out instructions.
8. Present Final Product
9. Review and revise as needed (Adopt or Adapt)

Your special education class is about to have to
learn about fractions but they do not know
how to find least common multiple or
greatest factor because they never learned
their multiplication facts. Using the following
template, create both macro and micro
instructional strategies and choose
appropriate materials to teach your group a
unit on fractions. Use information from this
powerpoint and moodle page to create unit.

 Grading Criteria:
 Objectives Clustering and Sequence. (5)
 Preinstructional Activities (5)
 Assessment Activities. (5)
 Follow-Through Activities (5)
 Content Presentation (5)
 Student Participation (5)
 Based on considerations, student grouping,
sequential clustering, and learning components,
selection of strategy and media is completely
and effectively decided upon (20)
Strategy Template

Instructional strategies

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Instructional strategies