Intellectual Disability: Its types, charateristics, and features

Intellectual Disability: Its types, charateristics, and features

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  INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Presented by: Siddiqui Uzma Tahseen Asst. Prof. (contr.), MANUU CTE, Aurangabad
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  DEFINITION 1)American Association OnIntellectual And Developmental Disabilities(AAIDD) 2021: defined intellectual disability as a significant sub-average general intellectual functioning ,existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period from birth until 22 years of age. 2) Corbett: defined intellectual disability as that condition where the intellectual deficit is associated with a social, physical or psychiatric handicap, and requires special care and treatment.
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  MEANING AND CONCEPT • Anintellectual disability is a disability that limits an individual cognitive functions. • It affects many different elements and areas of an individual life. • To be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, a person should :- • (i) have an IQ below 70. • (ii) have significant limitation in two or more adaptive areas. • (iii) condition discovered before the age of 22.
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  CLASSIFICATION OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES CategoryDSM-IV Criteria DSM-V Criteria (IQ) (Daily Skills) MILD 50 – 69 can live independently with minimum level of support MODERATE 36 – 49 can live independently with moderate level of support SEVERE 20 – 35 requires daily assistance with self care activities and safety supervision PROFOUND less than 20 requires 24 hours care
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  CHARACTERISTICS OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 1)Medical characteristics – blunt features, small stature, inability to walk with good coordination, small or large head, protruding tongue, small eyes. 2) Behavioural characteristics – slow response, difficulty in making decisions, difficulty in completing a task uninterrupted, aggressive reaction when demands not met, difficulty in remembering, difficulty in attending to their self care need. 3) Educational characteristics – slow in understanding and learning, short attention span, lack of concentration, poor memory, poor motor development, slow speech development, lack of abstract thinking .
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  CAUSES OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Anytimesomething interferes with normal brain development can result into intellectual disability. 1) Prenatal (before birth): Downs syndrome, fragile X syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, rubella, measles.. 2) Perinatal (around the time of birth): Complicated delivery, lack of oxygen at birth…. 3) Postnatal ( in infancy and childhood): serious head injury …..
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  IDENTIFICATION OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES Toolsfor assessment : 1) Developmental screening tests. 2) Behaviour assessment scales. 3) Intelligence Tests. 4) Social and behavioural Observation. 5) Case study. 6) Cumulative record. 7) Interviews.
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  INTELLECTUAL & ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING •Intellectual functioning;- is defined as reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement & academic learning, learning from instruction & experience and practical understanding confirmed by both clinical assessment and standardized tests. • Adaptive functionoing;- is defined interms of conceptual, social and practical skills involving tasks performed by people in their daily lives.
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  EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES 1) Admission procedure. 2)Flexible curriculum. 3) Building capacity of teachers. 4) Support services. 5) Reducing class size. 6) All round development. 7) Involving parents, family, community. 8) Role of teachers. 9) Role of parents.