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Intelligent Sustainable Liveable Cities
Intelligent sustainable liveable cities aim to provide security, happiness, and a high quality of life for inhabitants through accessibility, economic opportunities, natural beauty, and social justice. Key components include compact development, mixed uses, walkability, renewable energy, green spaces, and engagement. Nature contact, community, health, jobs, freedom and equity influence well-being. Truly sustainable cities consider environmental, economic and social needs of current and future residents.
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Intelligent Sustainable Liveable Cities
- 1. Intelligent Sustainable LiveableCitiesIntelligent Sustainable Liveable Cities Professor Derek Clements-CroomeProfessor Derek Clements-Croome The University of ReadingThe University of Reading www.derekcroome.comwww.derekcroome.com
- 2. Walking to Workin Letchworth Garden CityWalking to Work in Letchworth Garden City
- 4. 1990s Information via cities’ websites 2000s City portalsfor online information services 2004/5 INTELCITIES Online web-based eLearning system integrated & inter- operable with other cities’ platforms Static and limited online information on administration, policy, strategic planning and land use Dynamic & interactive services allowing online service transaction related to transport, land use, planning, housing, taxation etc Knowledge transfer & capacity building via: -Networked communities -Virtual organizations -Managed learning environments -Learning partnerships Developing platforms for online citizen engagement 2005+ SMART CITIES Having an e-learning platform, knowledge management & library with the org-ware communities needed to support digitally inclusive regeneration projects across Europe – meeting advanced visualization, simulation and benchmarking requirements High level programmes with the intelligence needed to be smart in meeting the networking, innovation and creativity requirements of successful partnerships and the ability of digitally inclusive regeneration programmes to develop the social capital underlying the modernisation of urban villages and their neighbourhoods as sustainable communities. Deakin,M., Intelligent Buildings International Journal 3, 3, 2011
- 5. Sustainable Intelligent Cities Digital (Cyber) Intel Sentient Qualityof Life Liveability Green ICT Web- Based (e services) Sensor y EnvironmentalSocialSmart Nature Environmental-Socio-Economic Value
- 6. THE CULTURE OFTHECULTURE OF CITIESCITIES
- 7. ““ A Cityshould be built to give itsA City should be built to give its inhabitants security and happinessinhabitants security and happiness ”” ------AristotleAristotle An Intelligent City and Liveable CityAn Intelligent City and Liveable City isis An Accessible CityAn Accessible City A Business CityA Business City An Attractive CityAn Attractive City A City for LivingA City for Living A Just CityA Just City
- 8. THE SUSTAINABLE CITYIS:THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IS: AA JJust Cityust City, where justice, food, shelter, education, health, where justice, food, shelter, education, health and hope are fairly distributed and where all peopleand hope are fairly distributed and where all people participate n government;participate n government; A Beautiful City,A Beautiful City, where art, architecture and landscapewhere art, architecture and landscape spark the imagination and move spirit;spark the imagination and move spirit; A Creative CityA Creative City , where open-mindedness and, where open-mindedness and experimentation mobilise the full potential of its humanexperimentation mobilise the full potential of its human resources and allows a fast response to change;resources and allows a fast response to change; An Ecological City,An Ecological City, which minimises its ecologicalwhich minimises its ecological impact, where landscape and built form are balanced andimpact, where landscape and built form are balanced and where buildings and infrastructures are safe and resource-where buildings and infrastructures are safe and resource- efficient;efficient; A City of Easy Contact and MobilityA City of Easy Contact and Mobility , which protects, which protects the countryside, focuses and integrates communities withinthe countryside, focuses and integrates communities within neighbourhoods and maximises proximityneighbourhoods and maximises proximity A Diverse CityA Diverse City, where a broad range of overlapping, where a broad range of overlapping activities create animation, inspiration and foster a vitalactivities create animation, inspiration and foster a vital public life.public life.
- 9. Cities Should bePlanned toCities Should be Planned to Achieve the Following Goals:Achieve the Following Goals: economiceconomic (such as economic revitalization and(such as economic revitalization and development);development); land useland use (such as compact, mixed use(such as compact, mixed use development);development); transportationtransportation (such as walkability,(such as walkability, accessibility, and transportation choices);accessibility, and transportation choices); equityequity (such as affordable housing and mixed-(such as affordable housing and mixed- income communities); andincome communities); and community developmentcommunity development (such as sense of(such as sense of place, safety, and public health).place, safety, and public health).
- 10. Ecological Cities: EconomicEcologicalCities: Economic CitiesCities UrbanizationUrbanization in developing counties is ain developing counties is a defining feature of the 21defining feature of the 21stst century. Some 90% ofcentury. Some 90% of global urban growth now takes place inglobal urban growth now takes place in developing countries.developing countries. Eco Cities:Eco Cities: Ecological Cities asEcological Cities as EconomicEconomic CitiesCities is a new initiative launched by the Worldis a new initiative launched by the World Bank in order to respond this challengeBank in order to respond this challenge Eco Cities createEco Cities create economic opportunitieseconomic opportunities forfor their citizens in an inclusive, sustainable, andtheir citizens in an inclusive, sustainable, and resource-efficient way , while also protecting andresource-efficient way , while also protecting and nurturing the local ecology and environmentnurturing the local ecology and environment generations.generations. www.woldbank.org/eco2
- 11. ““Ecological Cities” Defined:EcologicalCities” Defined: Neighbourhoods, Cities, and MetropolitanNeighbourhoods, Cities, and Metropolitan Areas that seek to be:Areas that seek to be: GreenerGreener Safer and HealthierSafer and Healthier More EfficientMore Efficient More People-FriendlyMore People-Friendly More Socially EquitableMore Socially Equitable The Ecological Cities Project, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, www.ecologicalcities.org
- 12. Ecological CitiesEcological Citiesmean a good quality ofmean a good quality of life with minimal natural resources:life with minimal natural resources: usingusing local materialslocal materials, and, and local energy, air and waterlocal energy, air and water flowsflows (sunlight, wind and rain) to best advantage.(sunlight, wind and rain) to best advantage. incorporatingincorporating natural ecosystemsnatural ecosystems into urban areas, tointo urban areas, to host local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of urbanhost local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of urban public spaces.public spaces. usingusing vegetationvegetation to control urban microclimates - toto control urban microclimates - to stabilise temperature and humidity.stabilise temperature and humidity. enhancing the life of the communityenhancing the life of the community and relationshipsand relationships between people, by creating convivial social environments.between people, by creating convivial social environments. supporting ansupporting an innovative cultureinnovative culture which enables people towhich enables people to flourish and develop their creative potential, and use newflourish and develop their creative potential, and use new technologies to improve liveabilitytechnologies to improve liveability.. Reference: Urban ecology Australia
- 13. Key neighbourhood featuresKeyneighbourhood features promoting well-beingpromoting well-being Personal feelingsPersonal feelings Social feelingsSocial feelings Personal functioningPersonal functioning Social functioningSocial functioning New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org
- 14. The components ofplace Happiness (pH) New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org
- 15. The components of placeSustainability (pS) New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org
- 16. A process forcreating sustainable well-beingA process for creating sustainable well-being New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment
- 17. What is Liveability?Whatis Liveability? Liveability is the sum of the factors that addLiveability is the sum of the factors that add up to a community’s quality of life—includingup to a community’s quality of life—including the built and natural environments, economicthe built and natural environments, economic prosperity, social stability and equity,prosperity, social stability and equity, educational opportunity, and cultural,educational opportunity, and cultural, entertainment and recreation possibilities.entertainment and recreation possibilities. Partners for Liveable CommunitiesPartners for Liveable Communities Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.
- 18. Humans possess abiologicalHumans possess a biological inclination to affiliate with naturalinclination to affiliate with natural systems and processes instrumentalsystems and processes instrumental with their health and productivitywith their health and productivity Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson (1984)Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson (1984)
- 19. Nature and Well-BeingNatureand Well-Being Contact with the natural world hasContact with the natural world has benefits for well-beingbenefits for well-being Chu et al 2004 Journal of Mental HealthChu et al 2004 Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2, 8-17Promotion 2, 8-17
- 20. Determinants of Qualityof LifeDeterminants of Quality of Life 1. Material wellbeing1. Material wellbeing GDP per personGDP per person 2. Health2. Health Life expectancy at birthLife expectancy at birth 3. Political stability and security3. Political stability and security 4. Family life4. Family life Divorce rateDivorce rate 5.5. Community lifeCommunity life Church attendance or trade-unionChurch attendance or trade-union membershipmembership 6.6. Climate and geographyClimate and geography 7.7. Job securityJob security Unemployment rateUnemployment rate 8.8. Political freedomPolitical freedom Political and civil libertiesPolitical and civil liberties 9.9. Gender equalityGender equality Average male and female earningsAverage male and female earnings Sources include EIU 2005; ILO; Freedom House; UN; Euromoitor
- 21. Mercer’s Quality ofLiving CriteriaMercer’s Quality of Living Criteria
- 22. Social IssuesSocial Issues Fuel PovertyFuel Poverty Effects of Global Warming on PeopleEffects of Global Warming on People Employment and Job CreationEmployment and Job Creation Community LifestyleCommunity Lifestyle ------Living SpaceLiving Space Transport PreferencesTransport Preferences
- 23. Cities as aSystem of SystemsCities as a System of Systems Source: Dirks and Keeling, 2009
- 24. Holistic DesignHolistic Design SuBet approach of stakeholderSuBet approach of stakeholder participative design using analyticparticipative design using analytic tools such as Analytical Hierarchialtools such as Analytical Hierarchial Processing ( Saaty 2000)Processing ( Saaty 2000) Integral Sustainable Design ( De KayIntegral Sustainable Design ( De Kay 2011)2011) Wicked Problems Solutions ( Wood etWicked Problems Solutions ( Wood et al 2010)al 2010)
- 25. AnAn Intelligent BuildingIntelligentBuilding is:is: responsiveresponsive to occupants, organisational andto occupants, organisational and society’s needs;society’s needs; sustainablesustainable in terms of energy and waterin terms of energy and water consumption and water consumptions besidesconsumption and water consumptions besides being;being; lowly pollutinglowly polluting in terms of emissions and waste;in terms of emissions and waste; healthyhealthy in terms of well-being for the people livingin terms of well-being for the people living and working within it;and working within it; functionalfunctional according to the user needs.according to the user needs. Clements-Croome,
- 26. Sustainable Intelligent CitiesSustainableIntelligent Cities Sustainable Intelligent LiveableSustainable Intelligent Liveable CitiesCities areare composed ofcomposed of intelligent buildingsintelligent buildings andand infrastructuresinfrastructures between them andbetween them and thethe well-beingwell-being of the residential,of the residential, commercial, and industrial communities;commercial, and industrial communities; andand to meet theirto meet their environmentalenvironmental,, economical and social needseconomical and social needs ..
- 27. SustainabilitySustainability CharacteristicsCharacteristics Quality oflifeQuality of life ;; Respect for theRespect for the natural environmentnatural environment ;; Diffusion of technologyDiffusion of technology with purpose ;with purpose ; SustainSustain for future generations.for future generations.
- 28. Sustainability ValuesSustainability Values optimisationoptimisation of key resources;of key resources; maintenancemaintenance scale and capacity;scale and capacity; adoption of aadoption of a systems approachsystems approach;; support ofsupport of whole life cycleswhole life cycles;; responsivenessresponsiveness for pro-activity andfor pro-activity and creativity;creativity; valuevalue diversitydiversity;; preservation ofpreservation of heritageheritage..
- 29. More SustainableMore SustainableLess SustainableLess Sustainable Compact formsCompact forms of residentialof residential development.development. Low-density, spread-out residential developmentLow-density, spread-out residential development Mixed land useMixed land use; homes, jobs and; homes, jobs and shopping in close proximity.shopping in close proximity. Segregation of land uses: homes, jobs andSegregation of land uses: homes, jobs and shopping separated into uniform tracts orshopping separated into uniform tracts or concentrationsconcentrations EmploymentEmployment based primarily onbased primarily on education and skills.education and skills. Employment based primarily onEmployment based primarily on environment polluting or non-renewable resourceenvironment polluting or non-renewable resource based industrybased industry Walking and bicycle.Walking and bicycle. Heavy dependence on private cars.Heavy dependence on private cars. RenewablesRenewables like wind and solar energy;like wind and solar energy; micro-generationmicro-generation Thermal and nuclear energy.Thermal and nuclear energy. Tertiary treatment of sewage; use ofTertiary treatment of sewage; use of natural means ofnatural means of sewage treatmentsewage treatment.. Discharge of sewage into water bodies or water-Discharge of sewage into water bodies or water- courses untreated or with low level of treatment.courses untreated or with low level of treatment. Protection and use ofProtection and use of natural hydrologicnatural hydrologic and systems.and systems. Hard surfaces preventing infiltration; channellingHard surfaces preventing infiltration; channelling natural water-courses.natural water-courses. Natural open spaceNatural open space; protection of; protection of wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys,wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys, habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost,habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost, integrated pest management, etc.integrated pest management, etc. Destruction of natural landscape;Destruction of natural landscape; "manicured" parkland with exotic"manicured" parkland with exotic species; heavy use of chemicalspecies; heavy use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides. Reduction of wasteReduction of waste; recovery, re-use; recovery, re-use and recycling of waste materials.and recycling of waste materials. Landfills, incinerators.Landfills, incinerators.
- 30. Green Cities willincludeGreen Cities will include solar powersolar power,, wind turbineswind turbines andand energy-energy- efficient buildingsefficient buildings dew catchersdew catchers (atmospheric wells)(atmospheric wells) rainwater harvestingrainwater harvesting low-energy desalinationlow-energy desalination electronic sensorselectronic sensors to detect leaky pipesto detect leaky pipes GreywaterGreywater will be used to water urban crops,will be used to water urban crops, grown in vertically stacked high-rise plots, andgrown in vertically stacked high-rise plots, and the water that is not used by plants will bethe water that is not used by plants will be recovered and reusedrecovered and reused IBM, Water: A global innovation Outlook Report,
- 31. 1. Mass &Built Form (Minimise Cooling, NV) 2. Facade (Passive Shading, Thermal, Light Trans.) 3. Function (Equipment, Lighting, Daylighting) 4. Systems (NV, Mixed Mode, AC system Choice) 5. Innovation (PV. Solar, Wind, Bio Fuel, Fuel Cells) $ Return on Investment Green BuildingsGreen Buildings
- 32.
- 33. Toronto New York Chicago Dublin London Birmingham Edinburgh Paris Nice Barcelona Abu Dhabi Doha Dubai Frankfurt Brussels Rotterdam Copenhagen Providenciales Luxemburg Kosamui Milan Rome Venice Valencia Heraklion Berlin Sydney Tampa Nicosia Melbourne Mombasa Miami Detroit Washington Reykjavik Learning from World CitiesLearning from World Cities
- 34. Lessons from thePast Lots of poor examples Population is rising Environmental cost of sprawl (pollution) Sprawl leads to large increases in CO2 Increased dependency on the automobile Taking the wealth from the city (Detroit) Impact of health Religious and racial segregation Economic degrading Un-Sustainable Urbanism Los Angeles Although cities cover only 2% of the earth’s surface, consume 75% of all resources and produce 75% of all waste. Dr Richard Jackson – Centre for Disease Control and Pr Urban Sprawl = Obesity
- 35. EIU's ten 'best'citiesEIU's ten 'best' cities in the worldin the world 2011 Rank (2010) City Country 1 (3) Melbourne Australia 2 (2) Vienna Austria 3 (1) Vancouver Canada 4 (4) Toronto Canada 5 (5) Calgary Canada 6 (7) Sydney Australia 7 (6) Helsinki Finland =8 (=8) Perth Australia 9 (=8) Adelaide Australia 10 (10) Auckland New Zealand 2011 Rank (2010) City Country 131 Abidjan Ivory Coast 132 Tehran Iran 133 Douala Cameron 134 Karachi Pakistan 135 Tripoli Libya 136 Algiers Algeria 137 Lagos Nigeria 138 Port Moresby Papua New Guinea 139 Dhaka Bangladesh 140 Harare Zimbabwe EIU's ten ‘worst' cities in the world Economist Intelligent Survey (EIU) 2010
- 36. Urban Form andUrbanForm and SustainabilitySustainability Urban formsUrban forms (e.g. urban villages, urban(e.g. urban villages, urban renaissance & regeneration, intensification,renaissance & regeneration, intensification, compact city etc.)compact city etc.) are claimed to be:are claimed to be: – spatially sustainablespatially sustainable – environmentally soundenvironmentally sound – efficient for transportefficient for transport – socially beneficialsocially beneficial – economically viableeconomically viable Jenks 2003
- 37. Making a DifferenceMakinga Difference Reusing urban land Reclaiming the streets Social vitality Human scale development Participatio n Shift to public transport, cycling & walking Sustainable urban forms Economic viability Jenks 2003
- 38. Economi c Growth Social Progress Environmental Stewardship Eco Efficienc y Socio Enviro Sustaina bility Socio Economic EnvironmentalEnvironmental StewardshipStewardship Clean Air Water LandEmissions Reduction Zero Waste Releases and Spills Biodiversity Social ProgressSocial Progress Diversity Human Rights Community Outreach Labour RelationsEconomic GrowthEconomic Growth Innovation Capital Efficiency Risk Management Margin Improvement Growth Enhancement Shareholder Return Socio-EconomicSocio-Economic Job Creation Skills Enhancement Local Economic Impacts Eco - EfficiencyEco - Efficiency Resource Efficiency Product Stewardship Life-Cycle Management Social EnvironmentalSocial Environmental Safety and Health Environmental Regulations Climate Change Access to Potable Water Environmental Justice Sustainable MasterplanningSustainable Masterplanning
- 39. Some Existing AssessmentMethodsSome Existing Assessment Methods World map showing countries using the four predominate ranking systems Source: Council for Tall
- 40. SuBET Tool isa comprehensive, international, voluntary sustainable rating scheme and assessment tool. Evaluates the sustainable design and performance of a major master plan The tool was developed for the construction and property industry in order to: • Establish a common language • Set a standard measurement • Promote integrated design • Recognize environmental leadership • Encourage stakeholders involvement • Identify building life-cycle impact • Raise awareness of sustainable urban planning benefits SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University SuBETSuBET
- 41. Social DiversitySocial Diversity EcologicalbiodiversityEcological biodiversity Social Hubs & Open SpaceSocial Hubs & Open Space Street designStreet design Transit Services UrbanismTransit Services Urbanism Waste, Water, Energy & Pollution ManagementWaste, Water, Energy & Pollution Management High Performance InfrastructuresHigh Performance Infrastructures Built Form and InterrelationshipsBuilt Form and Interrelationships Master Planning Sustainable Built Environment Tool SuBET ,,Al-Waer H ,Clements-Croome D J,2010,Building and Environment,45,799-
- 42. The selection ofsustainability indicators isThe selection of sustainability indicators is based on a whole life model which focusesbased on a whole life model which focuses on:on: PeoplePeople (owners; occupants)(owners; occupants) ProductsProducts (building quality, materials; fabric;(building quality, materials; fabric; structurestructure;; facilities; equipment; services); andfacilities; equipment; services); and ProcessesProcesses (automation;(automation; systemssystems;; commissioning; maintenance; post -occupancycommissioning; maintenance; post -occupancy evaluation) and the evaluation) and the InterrelationshipsInterrelationships between them in accordance withbetween them in accordance with the phases of planning, design, construction,the phases of planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, recycling and disposal .operation, maintenance, recycling and disposal .
- 43. 3 Groups UpTo 90 Indicators10 Sub Groups Sustainability Dimensions SuBETSuBET Land Use & Ecology Mobility Water Energy & Natural Resources Material, Recycling & Waste Pollution Usability Place Making Cultural & Perceptual Costs & Economics SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University Environmental Group Social Cultural Group Economic Group
- 44. SuBET Groups andIndicatorsSuBET Groups and Indicators (environmental)(environmental) Land and Ecology Water • Site Selection: Reuse of Land and Protecting Productive Land • Remediation • Minimising Ecological Impacts • Construction: Processing Ecological Value • Ecosystem Enhancement • Compact Development • Land Use and Ecology Innovation • Responsible Water Supply • Flood Risk • Water Quality • Eliminate Potable Water for Site Irrigation • Reduce Water Consumption for Daily Use • Waste and Strom Water Management • Smart Metering Water • Water Innovation Mobility Energy and Climate Change • Smart Location • Street network • Public Transport Proximity and Frequency of Existing Infrastructure • Public Transport Provision of New Structure • Low Carbon Transport Systems • Parking Minimisation • Bicycle and Pedestrian Network • Proximity to Community Services • Travel Survey • Mobility Innovation • Urban Grid Optimisation • Reduce Heat Island Effect • Energy Efficient External Lighting • Energy Efficient Building • Renewable Energy Generation and Use • Energy Metering and Energy Strategy • Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation • Energy and Natural Resources Innovation Pollution • Air quality and Odours • Noise and Light Pollution • Electromagnetic Fields • Pollution Innovation
- 45. SuBET Groups andIndicators (social,SuBET Groups and Indicators (social, cultural and economiccultural and economic )) Material, Recycling & Waste Cultural ad Perceptual • Reuse of Structure, Infrastructure and Materials • Design for Disassembly, Adaptability, Re-Use or Recycling • Local Sourced Materials • Sustainable Sourcing of Biological Products • Storage of Recyclable Waste • Hazardous Materials • Site Waste Management Plan • Material, Recycling Innovation • Amenity and Wellbeing • Community Cohesion • Community Involvement • Current Local Reputation • Neighbourhood Safety • Community and Health • Sustainable behaviour • Social Inclusive community Usability Costs and Economics • Quality of Street Space • Access to Public Space • Universal Accessibility • Diversity of Uses & Housing Types • Housing Density • Space and Standards • Viability of New Infrastructure • Housing Demand Affordable housing • Local Prosperity • Potential/Availability for Employment • Local Food Production • Maintenance: Minimisation of the Whole Life-Cycle Cost • Skills and Knowledge of Operating Staff Place Making • Landscape Design • Scale, Massing and Height • Local Materials, Frontage and Details • Integration and Reuse of Historical Buildings • Active Frontages • Visual & Physical Connectivity
- 46. 3 Levels ofWeightings 1 2 3 SuBET Levels of WeightingsSuBET Levels of Weightings SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University
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- 52. Top 5 CitiesWorldwideTop 5 Cities Worldwide Top 5 cities: Quality of living ranking Top 5 cities: Personal safety ranking •Vienna, Austria (1st) •Zurich, Switzerland (2nd) •Auckland, New Zealand (3rd) •Munich, Germany (4th) •Vancouver, Canada (tied 5th) •Düsseldorf, Germany (tied 5th) •Luxembourg, Luxembourg(1st) •Bern, Switzerland (tied 2nd) •Helsinki, Finland (tied 2nd) •Zurich, Switzerland (tied 2nd) •Vienna, Austria (5th) Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights
- 53. Top 5 Citiesby RegionTop 5 Cities by Region Americas Asia Pacific Europe Middle East & Africa •Vancouver (5th) •Ottawa (14th) •Toronto (15th) •Montreal (22nd) •Honolulu (29th) •Auckland (3rd) •Sydney (11th) •Wellington (13th) •Melbourne (18th) •Perth (21st) •Vienna (1st) •Zurich (2nd) •Munich (4th) •Dusseldorf (5th) •Frankfurt (7th) •Dubai (74th) •Abu Dhabi (78th) •Port Louis (82nd) •Cape Town (88th) •Johannesburg (94th) Quality of living ranking Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights
- 54. Personal Safety Ranking AmericasAsia Pacific Europe Middle East & Africa •Calgary (tied 17th) •Montreal (tied 17th) •Ottawa (tied 17th) •Toronto (tied 17th) •Vancouver (tied 17th) •Singapore (8th) •Auckland (tied 9th) •Wellington (tied 9th) •Canberra (tied 25th) •Melbourne (tied 25th) •Perth (tied 25th) •Sydney (tied 25th) •Luxembourg (1st) •Bern (tied 2nd) •Helsinki (tied 2nd) •Zurich (tied 2nd) •Vienna (5th) •Abu Dhabi (23rd) •Muscat (29th) •Dubai(39th) •Port Louis (59th) •Doha (67th) Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights
- 55.
- 56. TransMilenio and Urban Renewal in Bogotá Applicabilityof Bogotá’s TransMilenio BRT System to the United
- 57. MasdarMasdar Masdar - TheSustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A Realistic Possibility? Gabriel Tang
- 59. Shaded Courtyards andWalkways within the development paints a desert idyll of tranquility. Image courtesy of Foster +Partners Masdar - The Sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A Realistic
- 61. Innovations likely toimpactInnovations likely to impact societysociety
- 62. A city’s realintelligence is inA city’s real intelligence is in its citizensits citizens While the new technologies will help us to seeWhile the new technologies will help us to see farther, understand better and operate faster,farther, understand better and operate faster, only humans can make the cognitive leaps toonly humans can make the cognitive leaps to recombine ideas and generate the radicalrecombine ideas and generate the radical innovations to address the most importantinnovations to address the most important challenges-and mobilize for action in the realchallenges-and mobilize for action in the real world.world. Rodin , J, Cities that ask right questions in Piedmont-Palladino S C, Intelligent Cities, 2011 National Building Museum,p11
- 63. Some Key TechnologiesAffecting City Planning Sources: Freeman and Perez (1988) and Hall (1999)
- 64. The World EconomicForum's (WEF's) Global AgendaThe World Economic Forum's (WEF's) Global Agenda Council on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10Council on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10 emerging technologies it believes will have the greatestemerging technologies it believes will have the greatest impact on the state of the world in 2012.impact on the state of the world in 2012. 1. Informatics for adding value to information1. Informatics for adding value to information 2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering 3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and biomassbiomass 4. Nanoscale design of materials4. Nanoscale design of materials 5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of chemical and biological systemschemical and biological systems 6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource 7. Wireless power7. Wireless power 8. High energy density power systems8. High energy density power systems 9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention 10. Enhanced education technology10. Enhanced education technology This not a definitive list but does express a collection ofThis not a definitive list but does express a collection of views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.
- 65. Minimum RecommendationsMinimum Recommendations Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking Take into accountTake into account symbiosis of city withsymbiosis of city with Nature and local culturesNature and local cultures Plan for walkable cities integrated withPlan for walkable cities integrated with public transport and cycling systemspublic transport and cycling systems Eco-cities:Eco-cities:
- 66. RecommendationsRecommendations Assess theAssessthe impacts of the buildingsimpacts of the buildings on occupantson occupants and communities nearby using a combination ofand communities nearby using a combination of assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome 2010)assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome 2010) Peoples behaviourPeoples behaviour has a large effect on thehas a large effect on the consumption and the ways in which resources are usedconsumption and the ways in which resources are used Wireless sensor technologiesWireless sensor technologies are rapidly becomingare rapidly becoming applicable in monitoring the performance of systems andapplicable in monitoring the performance of systems and infrastructures besides increasing human awareness ofinfrastructures besides increasing human awareness of their impact on systems performancetheir impact on systems performance Coherent data management systemsCoherent data management systems areare important to give feedback on the performance ofimportant to give feedback on the performance of different spaces in the building.different spaces in the building.
- 67. RecommendationsRecommendations Use aUsea whole life performancewhole life performance approach toapproach to ensure that quality as well as whole life costs areensure that quality as well as whole life costs are taken into accounttaken into account Aim forAim for simplicitysimplicity rather than complexity inrather than complexity in operationoperation ConnectivityConnectivity is important so there isis important so there is interoperabilityinteroperability between the infrastructures,between the infrastructures, the systems and the people using themthe systems and the people using them Plan and design forPlan and design for flexibility andflexibility and adaptability.adaptability.
- 68. RecommendationsRecommendations Think ofthe city and buildings within it asThink of the city and buildings within it as organismsorganisms responding to human, social and environmental needsresponding to human, social and environmental needs Plan thePlan the facilities managementfacilities management so the city andso the city and communities are cared forcommunities are cared for Design beyond the expectations defined inDesign beyond the expectations defined in RegulationsRegulations Keep abreast of the relevant fields ofKeep abreast of the relevant fields of knowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplinesknowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplines Learn from other sectors and disciplinesLearn from other sectors and disciplines Remember the city isRemember the city is a legacy for future generationsa legacy for future generations
- 69. The Systems IntegratorTheSystems Integrator ensures all the stakeholders are integrated intoensures all the stakeholders are integrated into the project, and needs the following skills:the project, and needs the following skills: experience ofexperience of how systems can behow systems can be integratedintegrated;; anan ability to think strategically and ability to think strategically and innovatively across disciplines;innovatively across disciplines; logistic skillslogistic skills;; good leadership and communicationgood leadership and communication skills.skills. The choice of a systems integrator dependsThe choice of a systems integrator depends on these skills rather than disciplineson these skills rather than disciplines..
- 70. Ten Rules forBuilding GreenTen Rules for Building Green VisionaryVisionary Design and PlanningDesign and Planning ChooseChoose Sustainable SiteSustainable Site AssessAssess ValueValue balancingbalancing QualityQuality andand Whole LifeWhole Life CostCost Make Site Plan Work withMake Site Plan Work with Intelligent InfrastructuresIntelligent Infrastructures Landscape:Landscape: Green Roofs andGreen Roofs and Spaces.Spaces. Use EffectiveUse Effective Built FormBuilt Form Judicious Use ofJudicious Use of Technology as an EnablerTechnology as an Enabler Save and ManageSave and Manage Energy, Water, Waste andEnergy, Water, Waste and PollutionPollution SelectSelect Low VOC MaterialsLow VOC Materials UseUse Green ConstructionGreen Construction Lockwood, C., 2006, Building the Green Way, Harvard Business Review
- 71. UK GBC Visionof the FutureUK GBC Vision of the Future www.ukgbc.org
- 73.
- 74. Green Mega City:Lilypads byGreen Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
- 75. These Lilypads areconstructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2
- 76. Green Mega City:Lilypads byGreen Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
- 77. Green Mega City:LilypadsGreen Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent Callebautby Vincent Callebaut Solar energy from paint containing solarSolar energy from paint containing solar nanoparticlesnanoparticles Clear water from desalinationClear water from desalination Robotic maintenanceRobotic maintenance Bubble HousesBubble Houses Phase change materials give temperature regulationPhase change materials give temperature regulation Hydroponic farmsHydroponic farms Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra musselsPlant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels 10 storey concrete tower with embedded10 storey concrete tower with embedded photovoltaicsphotovoltaics Geothermal wells for heating/coolingGeothermal wells for heating/cooling http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html
- 78. TheThe Arab WorldInstitute in ParisArab World Institute in Paris Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA) By Jean NouvelBy Jean Nouvel 1981-19871981-1987 His first nationally recognised project. Received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1987-1989. Helped him to win the 1988 Grand Prix d’Architecture.
- 79. This grid elevationcontain 240 units 16000 moving parts Works like a lens of a camera a mosaic-patterned block a jewel a precious clockwork mechanism - Maintenance - Power - Heat
- 80. MashrabyMashrabyyaya Delicate exteriorelement Cooling water Shading Filtrationairfromdust Privacy Has several uses such as curtain, airconditionerand refrigerator
- 83. The uniqueuse of high-tech photosensitiveThe unique use of high-tech photosensitive mechanical devices made this buildingmechanical devices made this building famous in 1987.famous in 1987. Nowadays its still widely known and hasn’tNowadays its still widely known and hasn’t lost its futuristic impression butlost its futuristic impression but the facade system no longer works.the facade system no longer works. Van PouckeVan Poucke on 31/ 01/ 2011, under on 31/ 01/ 2011, under HistoryHistory, , TechnologyTechnology : Kinetic Architecture.net: Kinetic Architecture.net
- 85. MATERIALS andMATERIALS and SURFACETREATMENTSSURFACE TREATMENTS
- 87. Plants and AirPurityPlants and Air Purity ArecaAreca PalmPalm converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder heightconverts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder height plants per personplants per person Mother-in-Laws TongueMother-in-Laws Tongue converts CO2 to O2 during theconverts CO2 to O2 during the night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per personnight-- need 6-8 waist high plants per person Money PlantMoney Plant absorbs formaldehyde and VOCsabsorbs formaldehyde and VOCs Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decreasePlants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches;building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches; asthma; respiratory and lung problemsasthma; respiratory and lung problems Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,PaharpurResearch carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,Paharpur Business centre & Software Technology Incubator Park inBusiness centre & Software Technology Incubator Park in New DelhiNew Delhi
- 88. UV PCOUV PCO PhotocatalyticOxidation (PCO) or Photocatylisis is the opposite of photosynthesis. PCO is a natural process whereby Ultra Violet light energy reacts with the mineral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), triggering a chemical process that safely and instantly oxidizes or breaks up organic matter at a molecular level. As a catalyst, TiO2 continues to work and is not consumed in the process. www.pureti.co.uk
- 89. PURETi treated surfaces workwith nature to purify air quality including: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Smog incorporating NOx and organic Particulate Matter. Odours from methane – such as tobacco smoke, human and agricultural waste. Methane / Formaldehyde Indoors on windows and lighting Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete. Improving Air QualityImproving Air Quality www.pureti.co.uk
- 90. PURETi helps restoreand maintain a healthy living and working environments. Clinically proven to reduce the risk of infection, allergies and disease Indoors on windows and lighting Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete. Health and WellbeingHealth and Wellbeing www.pureti.co.uk Type 2 Approved Type 2 Medical Device
- 91. Beautiful architecture and designcan be protected and easily maintained. Entire streetscapes, from buildings to signposts, road markings to advertising billboards, can be kept cleaner for longer, ensuring greater efficiency. Protecting AestheticsProtecting Aesthetics www.pureti.co.uk
- 92. SolarSolar Not Treated Treated PURETI UV-PCOIS THE ANSWER! One Application Works for 3-5 Years! Uses Light to Clean – Not Chemicals! Cuts Maintenance Cost and Time by >50% NON COATED Soiling de-rates PV solar 4%/25% Thermal Solar by up to 50% PURETi reduces soiling reducing cleaning costs (50%) improving output. PURETi is also known to have huge impacts on output in extreme temperatures. www.pureti.co.uk
- 93. Smog Eating ArchitectureSmogEating Architecture Dives in Misericordia (Rome) by US Architect Richard Meier. Structure and sails were constructed using photocatalytic / active cement. TiO2 was employed not only to keep the building white but also reduce air pollution. www.pureti.co.uk
- 94. Il Duomo –Milan, ItalyIl Duomo – Milan, Italy Il Duomo – Milan, Italy Trial controlled by Professor Claudia L. Bianchi; University. of Milan, Chemistry Department. Trial of4 areas of the recently cleaned Duomo – 2 sculptured reliefs located at the base, a wall set in the middle section and roof panels. www.pureti.co.uk
- 95. Phase Change MaterialsPhaseChange Materials The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phaseThe RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phase change material which captures and stores excess heatchange material which captures and stores excess heat gains from within the building which reduces the need forgains from within the building which reduces the need for air conditioning.air conditioning. The phase change material is a composition ofThe phase change material is a composition of vegetable oils and fatty acids which arevegetable oils and fatty acids which are microencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell thatmicroencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell that are embedded within the ceiling tile.“are embedded within the ceiling tile.“ "RACUS"RACUS®® stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Unitsstands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units and Systems.and Systems.
- 96. Microencapsulated Bio-based PCM VEGETABLE OIL &FATTY ACID PCM CORE ACRYLIC POLYMER SHELL
- 97. 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 0 1 8 Infra-red Thermal Imaging 19°C Room Temp. withRACUS® 20°C22°C24°C20°C Room Temp. without RACUS® 4°C
- 98. ""As the roomtemperature begins to reach 24°C,As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C, the phase change material, which starts off in athe phase change material, which starts off in a solid state, begins to melt within the shell andsolid state, begins to melt within the shell and absorbs the excess latent heat from theabsorbs the excess latent heat from the surrounding environment throughout the day.surrounding environment throughout the day. As the room temperature cools to below 20°C,As the room temperature cools to below 20°C, the phase change materials slowly begins tothe phase change materials slowly begins to solidify and release the stored latent heat backsolidify and release the stored latent heat back into the building. It performs through a naturalinto the building. It performs through a natural passive process continually day after day, yearpassive process continually day after day, year after year.“after year.“
- 99.
- 100. Underground Thermal EnergyUndergroundThermal Energy Storage; The PrincipleStorage; The Principle UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involvesUTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involves the storage of excess energythe storage of excess energy from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of coolingfrom summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling potential from winterpotential from winter for free cooling in summer.for free cooling in summer. • Cool Store • Warm Store Cooling Buildings Warming Buildings Heat Gain Heat Losses Free Cooling Heat Pump
- 101. ATES - AquiferThermal EnergyATES - Aquifer Thermal Energy StorageStorage
- 102. Environmental AspectsEnvironmental Aspects ofMasdar Cityof Masdar City Keith CalderKeith Calder of Norman Foster andof Norman Foster and PartnersPartners
- 103. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 90% recycled aluminium facade reflecting light Indirect light bounced into apartment Highly insulated fully sealed façade GRC elements and mashrabiya screens provide protection from direct sunlight Undulated balconies provide privacy and shading GRC with low thermal mass Fast responsive system cooling down very quickly to reduce heat gain Residential Façade – Concept and PerformanceResidential Façade – Concept and Performance
- 104. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Student Accommodation – Façade DesignStudent Accommodation – Façade Design Solar Screens Low Thermal Mass Patterned screens provide privacy control Ventilated Cavity Double skin avoids convection gain Recycled Aluminium Reflects light to street High thermal conductivity - cools down quickly Highly Insulated U-Value 0.19 W/m2 K Highly Sealed 3m3 /m2 /hr
- 105. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 ETFE cushions filter direct sunlight and mirror finish foil reflects the light into the public realm Windows located where required for views and daylight Highly insulated and fully sealed façade Lightweight ETFE cushions absorb energy to avoid heat radiating back into the street Passive shading devices to eliminate direct solar gain Indirect light bounced into research spaces Laboratory Facade – Concept and PerformanceLaboratory Facade – Concept and Performance
- 106. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Laboratory – Facade DesignLaboratory – Facade Design Solar Shading Glare free daylight and solar control Positioned to maintain views out ETFE cushions Low Thermal Mass Lightweight Non-stick coating Lightweight Frame Air gap for heat buffer Reflective Foil Light to narrow streets Heat rejection layer Highly Insulated U-Value 0.19 W/m2 K Highly Sealed 3m3 /m2 /hr
- 107. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Laboratory FaçadeLaboratory Façade – Prototype Offsite Testing– Prototype Offsite Testing CWCT Test Methods for Curtain Walling CWTC = Centre for Window and Cladding Technology • Air Infiltration test • Static water pressure test • Dynamic water pressure test • Wind serviceability test (deflections) • Wind safety load test (strength) • Hose test
- 108. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature
- 109. Abu Dhabi isnot very successful atAbu Dhabi is not very successful at controlling microclimate. As seen incontrolling microclimate. As seen in the images , the temperaturesthe images , the temperatures sensed and surface temperaturessensed and surface temperatures are well above the traditionalare well above the traditional thermal comfort range. There arethermal comfort range. There are various reasons for this.various reasons for this.
- 110. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street Asphalt 57°C Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature Building 38°C 20°C 50°C
- 111. Presence of carsas heat sources andPresence of cars as heat sources and ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead toubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to ground surface temperatures above 50ground surface temperatures above 50 deg C. We measured 51.6 C at middaydeg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday in September. They would be possiblyin September. They would be possibly higher in mid summer months!higher in mid summer months!
- 112. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Courtyard - Pool of Coolness
- 113. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Courtyard- Pool of Coolness 20°C 50°C Dry ground (shade) 33°C Wet ground (shade) 27°C
- 114. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Street ComparisonStreet Comparison Hamdan Street, Central Abu Dhabi Masdar City, Abu Dhabi
- 115. Environmental Design Response│ March 2012 Street ComparisonStreet Comparison 20°C 50°C 39°C Air temperature Ground Surface Temperature 57°C Radiant Temperature 37°C Ground Surface Temperature 33°C Radiant Temperature 52°C
- 116. The Camels NoseTheCamels Nose
- 118. To keep sandfrom blowingTo keep sand from blowing into their noses, camelsinto their noses, camels can shut their nostrils.can shut their nostrils. When there is no sandWhen there is no sand blowing in the wind, ablowing in the wind, a camel can open its nostrilscamel can open its nostrils (A)(A) and breathe through itsand breathe through its nose.nose. When the wind starts to whipWhen the wind starts to whip up the sand, the camel justup the sand, the camel just closes its nosecloses its nose (B)(B).. http://www.allsinai.info/sites/fauna/camel.ht
- 120. The camel'snose acts as both a humidifier and aThe camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.dehumidifier with every breathing cycle. The hot, dry air that isThe hot, dry air that is inhaledinhaled passes over the large area ofpasses over the large area of moist membrane. This air is immediatelymoist membrane. This air is immediately humidifiedhumidified byby picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in thepicking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains atprocess,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains at approximately body temperature.approximately body temperature. When it isWhen it is exhaledexhaled, it is cooled even further by passing over, it is cooled even further by passing over the same nasal membranes, this time by a process ofthe same nasal membranes, this time by a process of dehumidifyingdehumidifying instead of humidifying. The nasal membranesinstead of humidifying. The nasal membranes are coated with a special water-absorbing substance thatare coated with a special water-absorbing substance that extracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of aextracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of a dehumidifier.dehumidifier. A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost throughA net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost through respiration occurs just between the cooling and dryingrespiration occurs just between the cooling and drying
- 122. Vertical gardenVertical garden citiesand buildingscities and buildings EDIBLE ARCHITECTUREEDIBLE ARCHITECTURE
- 123. DNA-inspired twistingDNA-inspired twisting AgoraGardenAgora Garden underway in Taipeiunderway in Taipei City by VincentCity by Vincent CallebautCallebaut
- 128. Asian Cairns inShenzhenAsian Cairns in Shenzhen by Vincentby Vincent CallebautCallebaut 20132013 Six buildings on 70 acres produce theirSix buildings on 70 acres produce their own food and generate energy using PVown food and generate energy using PV solar and axial wind turbines.solar and axial wind turbines. Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses.Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses. Orchards, vegetablesOrchards, vegetables and gardens areand gardens are planted within and outside the buildingsplanted within and outside the buildings
- 133. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Cybertecture New form ArchitectureCybertecture New form Architecture James Law Cybertecture DesignsJames Law Cybertecture Designs Technosphere The Capital The Vasukamal (The Fountain Head)
- 138. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Profile: Location:Mumbai, India Purpose: Office Building Completion date: End of 2010 Organization: James Law Cybertecture company
- 139. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Intelligent building Management SystemIntelligent building Management System -Use of control and automation services-Use of control and automation services -Achieve the best interior and exterior-Achieve the best interior and exterior building performancebuilding performance -Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction regarding to the building performanceregarding to the building performance
- 140. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding shape of the buildingshape of the building visual sensevisual sense intangible materialsintangible materials High space flexibilityHigh space flexibility
- 141. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Sky GardensSky Gardens -Structure used to protect-Structure used to protect the building, by enablingthe building, by enabling sun shading and providingsun shading and providing a refreshing atmospherea refreshing atmosphere to the building.to the building. - Use of solar PV and windUse of solar PV and wind turbine system at the rooftopturbine system at the rooftop
- 142. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Intelligent glass facade systemIntelligent glass facade system -approximately 15% less surface area than-approximately 15% less surface area than conventional buildingsconventional buildings -glass panels Solar gain-glass panels Solar gain Heat gainHeat gain -Stress mitigation-Stress mitigation --
- 143. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding Indoor comfortIndoor comfort - “Best space to work in”- “Best space to work in” J.L. CybertectureJ.L. Cybertecture - ‘‘Cybertecture Health’Cybertecture Health’ providesprovides Interactive featuresInteractive features Presents people’s healthPresents people’s health statistics such as bloodstatistics such as blood pressure and weightpressure and weight
- 144. CARBON POSITIVECARBON POSITIVE BUILDINGSBUILDINGS ArificialLeaf canArificial Leaf can generate hydrogengenerate hydrogen
- 145. DDanan NNoceraocera atatHarvardHarvard
- 146.
- 147. AArtificialrtificial LLeafeaf MMechanismechanism UUsingsingSSunlightunlight andand WWaterater
- 148. HHydrogenydrogen PProducingroducing FFaçadeaçade AWA Waterater WWallall withwith AArtificialrtificial LLeaveseaves IImmersedmmersed WWithinithin SSunlightunlight RRadiatesadiates CCausingausing RReactioneaction HHydrogenydrogen PProducedroduced
- 149. Hydrogen Producing ArtificialHydrogenProducing Artificial Leaf FacadeLeaf Facade
- 150.
- 151. Tenets for IntelligentTenetsfor Intelligent BuildingsBuildings Plan and design with an Plan and design with an Integrated TeamIntegrated Team so that clients, consultants, contractors, so that clients, consultants, contractors, facilities managers all develop a commitmentfacilities managers all develop a commitment to the project and want to fulfil theto the project and want to fulfil the environmental, social and economic aims.environmental, social and economic aims. Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking are key.are key.
- 152. Assess the Assess the impactsimpacts of thebuildings on of the buildings on occupants and communities nearby.occupants and communities nearby. Occupants Occupants behaviourbehaviour has a large effect on the has a large effect on the consumption of energy and water so try toconsumption of energy and water so try to increase awareness of occupants to theincrease awareness of occupants to the impact of their actions on impact of their actions on resources.resources.
- 153. Aim toincrease theAim to increase the built asset valuebuilt asset value for the organisationfor the organisation UnderstandUnderstand users perceptionsusers perceptions:: understand the physical and psychologicalunderstand the physical and psychological well-being.well-being. Design for FlexibleDesign for Flexible andand agile spaceagile space Provide Individual controlProvide Individual control ofof environmental conditionsenvironmental conditions
- 154. Use smart meteringUsesmart metering but but wirelesswireless sensor technologysensor technology becoming applicablebecoming applicable in building operation for personal use by conin building operation for personal use by con sumers. sumers. Develop data management systemsDevelop data management systems to give feedback on the performance of to give feedback on the performance of spaces in the building.spaces in the building. Understand theUnderstand the interactioninteraction between thebetween the building, systems and the occupantsbuilding, systems and the occupants Commission pre-occupancyCommission pre-occupancy andand post-post- occupancy evaluationoccupancy evaluation are vital.are vital.
- 155. Use a Use a whole life valuewhole life value approach to approach to ensure ensure qualitquality and y and whole life costswhole life costs consi consi dered.dered. Aim forAim for simplicitysimplicity rather than complexity in rather than complexity in operation.operation. Think about Think about well-being and freshnesswell-being and freshness besides comfort andbesides comfort and considerconsider all the sensesall the senses and how air, view, and how air, view, daylight, sound, colour ,greenery and spacedaylight, sound, colour ,greenery and space affect us in the workplace.affect us in the workplace.
- 156. ConnectivityConnectivity is important for is important for InteroperabilityInteroperability not onlybetween the not only between the systems and the building but also betweensystems and the building but also between the occupant and the buildingthe occupant and the building Design for Design for flexibility and adaptabilityflexibility and adaptability
- 157. Think ofan Intelligent Building as anThink of an Intelligent Building as an organismorganism responding to human and environmental needs but responding to human and environmental needs but also one that needs to “breathe”also one that needs to “breathe” through the facade between the external andthrough the facade between the external and internal environments.internal environments. The The façadefaçade transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise, transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise, and moisture but also links occupants to and moisture but also links occupants to the outside world so intelligent or smart facades the outside world so intelligent or smart facades allow these aspects to be controlled in a way allow these aspects to be controlled in a way which is functional but alsowhich is functional but also Design environment to be enjoyableDesign environment to be enjoyable to those working and living inside the building.to those working and living inside the building.
- 158. Balance efficiency with effectiveness.Balance efficiency with effectiveness. An airsupply system for example can deliverAn air supply system for example can deliver the “right” amount of air to a space andthe “right” amount of air to a space and be deemed efficient butbe deemed efficient but may not be effective in the space because itmay not be effective in the space because it has no impact on the breathing zonehas no impact on the breathing zone where the people are.where the people are. Plan Plan facilities managementfacilities management so the buildin so the buildin g is cared forg is cared for
- 159. Design beyond the expectations defined in Regulations. Keep abreast of relevant fields of knowledgeand innovation. Learn from other sectors and disciplines Develop an integrated approach to education to meet sustainable agenda
- 160. FUTURESFUTURES Carbon negativebuildings like artificial leafCarbon negative buildings like artificial leaf hydrogen generating facades alsohydrogen generating facades also algae biofuel facadesalgae biofuel facades Green living facadesGreen living facades Applications of biomimeticsApplications of biomimetics Smart materials for reactiveSmart materials for reactive facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes ,facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes , graphenegraphene Application of nanotechnologiesApplication of nanotechnologies Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning, maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly
- 161. FUTURESFUTURES Robotics forprefabrication, cleaning,Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning, maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly Fully integrated interoperable systemsFully integrated interoperable systems Buildings into smart grid systemBuildings into smart grid system Wireless Sensor Technology linkingWireless Sensor Technology linking climate, building, systems and occupantsclimate, building, systems and occupants Innovation with respect for passive lowInnovation with respect for passive low technologytechnology New culture of value, systems and holisticNew culture of value, systems and holistic thinking and visionthinking and vision
- 162. Bio Intelligent Quotientbuilding byBio Intelligent Quotient building by Arup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 yearsArup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 years 129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades Algae +nutrients+CO2+sunlightAlgae +nutrients+CO2+sunlight Algae harvested and processed for biogasAlgae harvested and processed for biogas Also shades buildingAlso shades building Solar heat used tooSolar heat used too BIQ Algae PoweredBIQ Algae Powered Building Hamburg 2013Building Hamburg 2013
- 164. BIQ Algae PoweredBIQAlgae Powered Building Hamburg 2013Building Hamburg 2013
- 165. GRAPHENEGRAPHENE Carbon atomicscale honeycomb latticeCarbon atomic scale honeycomb lattice Lightest strongest and stiffest substanceLightest strongest and stiffest substance knownknown Can self repairCan self repair Many applicationsMany applications
- 166.
- 167. WHAT WE CALLTHEWHAT WE CALL THE BEGINNING IS OFTEN THEBEGINNING IS OFTEN THE ENDEND AND TO MAKE AN END IS TOAND TO MAKE AN END IS TO MAKE A BEGINNINGMAKE A BEGINNING THE END IS WHERE WETHE END IS WHERE WE START FROMSTART FROM T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDINGT.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING
Editor's Notes
- #38 From Kevin: The work of the SUFC will contribute to urban sustainability and therefore address the the key drivers for the SUE initiative ‘improving quality of life of UK citizens, supporting the sustainable development of the UK economy and society, meeting the needs of users’. (Note that the quality of life issue was reiterated in the conversation I had very recently with Peter Hedges and note also that meeting the needs of users is a key driver.) The case studies provide a basis for exploring ‘what-if’ questions - should our consortium’s life be extended. Can we offer a view to the Panel on how the consortiums work might continue beyond the 4 years - the 15 case studies that have been fully quantified provide ideal testing grounds for interventions. As a result of the core and plus projects we could we could involve ourselves in areas of cities that are to be redeveloped. We could assess development proposals against sustainability criteria. We hope we have addressed the referees comments, provided clarity of some elements of the research ...
- #41 That’s why SuBET was created. With the help of Prof Derek from Reading Univ and Dr Husam form Dundee University, SuBET was based on academic research on several sustainability assessment methods applied worldwide. Its main differentiator is that it takes into account the masterplan scale and can be applied internationally. The tool provides guidelines through as established ‘metrics’ to facilitate the achievement of levels of sustainability right in the initial stages of the conception of a masterplan.
- #42 Ai-Waer H, Clements-Croome DJ,2010, Building and Environment, 45, 799-807