INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

The world today is characterized by an ever
growing number of contacts resulting in
communication between people with different
linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This
communication takes place because of contacts
in areas of business, military cooperation,
science, education, mass media, entertainment,
tourism and also because of immigration
brought about by labor shortage or political
conflicts. (Allwood, 2003)

Communication
[kuh-myoo-ni-key-shuhn]
–noun
1.the act or process of communicating
2.the imparting or interchange of thoughts,
opinions, information by speech, writing, or
signs.
(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communication)

LANGUAGE
Language is an abstract system of
word meaning and symbols for
all aspects of culture.

It includes:

0Speech 0Symbols
0Written 0Gestures
characters 0Expressions of
0Numerals non-verbal
communication

TWO TYPES OF
COMMUNICATION
0Verbal
- refers to use of language

0Non-Verbal
- refer to the use of gestures, facial
expressions, and other body movements

PARALANGUAGE

- is the language of gestures, expressions
and postures

Language is a system of verbal and, in many cases,
written symbols with rules about how those symbols
can be strung together to convey more complex
meanings. It is impossible to overstate the
importance of language in the development,
elaboration, and transmission of culture. Language
enables people to store meanings and experiences to
pass this heritage to new generations. Through
language, we are able to learn about and from the
experiences of others. In addition, language enables
us to transcend the here and now, preserving the past
and imagining the future. It also makes possible the
formulation of complex plans and ideas.
(Calhoun, et al., 1994)

The meaning of verbal and
nonverbal gestures vary from one
culture to another. (Schaefer,
2003)

A man’s language is a reflection
of the kind of person he is, the
level of education he has attained
and an index to the behavior that
may be expected from him.

Humans are the only living creatures
known to be capable of
communicating intricate systems of
symbols, storing knowledge, and
transmitting this knowledge to a new
generation.

Language is the key factor in the
success of the human race in
creating and preserving culture, for
without language the ability to
convey ideas and traditions is
impossible.

THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE
0Phonology
0Semantics
0Grammar
0Pragmatics

PHONOLOGY

- refers to a system of sounds

SEMANTICS

- is a study of word meanings
and word combinations

GRAMMAR
- refers to the structure of language
through its morphology and syntax

PRAGMATICS
- is concerned rules for the use of
appropriate language particular
contexts

The pupil learns to take turns in
speaking, to remain silent while
other speak, and to speak differently
in different settings such as the
classroom and the play ground.
(Hetherington and Parke, 1999)

If culture can affect the structure
and content of its language, then
it follows that linguistic
diversity derives in part from
cultural diversity.

Language is an integral part of
culture and human culture
cannot exist without it.

What we have observed and experienced, as
well as our norms, values, and ideas exists
because we have learned to identify or
experience these things through language.
These things are shared and transmitted from
one generation to another through process of
socialization. (Panopio et al, 1992)

An approach that may reveal the difference
between language and culture is to study how
children in different cultures ( speaking
different languages) develop concepts as they
grow up.

If language influences the information of a
particular concept, we might expect that
children will acquire that concept earlier in
societies where the languages emphasizes that
concept.

One long-standing claim concerning
the relationship between language
and culture is that the structure of
language determines the way in
which speakers of that language
view the world.

Edward Sapir, a linguist, acknowledged the
close relationship between language and
culture, maintaining that they were
inextricably related so that you could not
understand or appreciate the one without a
knowledge of the other.

(htttp://wwww.josh manning.com/friends/whorf.htm)

THE LINGUISTIC-RELATIVITY
HYPOTHESIS
- Asserts that language actually
determines the possibilities for a
culture’s norms, beliefs and values.

- Another acceptable version of the
theory recognizes the mutual influences
of culture and language.

The linguistic-relativity hypothesis
asserts that language determines thought
and therefore culture. In reality language
and culture influence each other.

- Edward Sapir

Every human language allows its
speakers to express an infinite thoughts
and ideas that can persist even after their
originators are gone.

This property of human language which is
not shared by any other known species,
allows human to transmit their culture
from one generation to the next.

(Eisley,1970 as cited by Kornblum, 1991)

 Every society has a culture, no matter
how simple the culture may be, and
every human being cultured in the
sense of participating in some culture
or other.

“Aculture is made - - or destroyed - - by its
articulate voices.”

- Ayn Rand
(Russian born American Writer and Novelist,
1905-1982)

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

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