Interview qq

Re: HI I am attending an interview in tcs in sap abap plz send me interivew
que
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Rajiv Krishna Feb 8, 2007 8:18 AM (in response to krishna chaitanya)
Hi
Please find a co;;ection of interview ques..
Mark if useful..
1. How data is stored in cluster table?
Each field of cluster table behaves as tables which contains the no. of entries.
2. What are client dependant objects in abap/sap?
SAP Script layout, text element, and some DDIC objects.
3. On which even we can validate the input fields in module progams?
In PAI (Write field statement on field you want to validate, if you want to validate
group of fields put in chain and End chain statement.)
4. In selection screen I have three fields, plant mat no and material group. If I input
plant how do I get the mat no and material group based on plant dynamically?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR MATERIAL.
CALL FUNCTION 'F4IF_INT_TABLE_VALUE_REQUEST' to get material and
material group for the plant.
5. How do you get output from IDOC?
Data in IDOc is stored in segments, the output from Idoc is obtained by reading the
data stored in its respective segments.
6. When top of the page event is triggered?
After excuteing first write statement in start-of-selection event.
7. Can we create field without data element and how?
In SE11 one option is available above the fields strip. Data element/ direct type.
8. How do we debug sapscript?
Go to SE71 give lay set name , go to utilities select debugger mode
on.
9. Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of ABAP
program.
TCode AL21.
10. How can I copy a standard table to make my own z_table.
Go to transaction SE11. Then there is one option to copy table. Press that button.
Enter the name of the standard table and in the Target table enter Z table name and
press enter.

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Following are some of the answers which I gave upto my
knowledge.
1. What is the use of 'outerjoin'
Ans. With the use of outer join you can join the tables even there is no entry in all
the tables used in the view.
In case of inner join there should be an entry in al the tables use in the
view.
2. When to use logical database?
Ans. Advantage of Logical databases:
less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel
tables.
Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
3. What is the use of 'table index'?
Ans .Index is used for faster access of data base tables.
4. What is the use of 'FOR ALL ENTRIES'?
Ans. To avoid nested select statements we use SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES
statement.
If there r more than 10000 records SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is used.
Performance wise SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES is better to use.
5. Can you set up background processing using CALL TRANSACTION?
Yes,Using No Screen Mode.
6. What are table buffers?
Table buffers reside locally on each application server in the system. The data of
buffered tables can thus be accessed
directly from the buffer of the application server. This avoids the time-consuming
process of accessing the database.
Buffering is useful if table needs to be accessed more no. of times in a program.
ABAP Technical Interview Questions:
1. What is the typical structure of an ABAP program?

2. What are field symbols and field groups.? Have you used "component idx of
structure" clause with field groups?
3. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
4. What is a batch input session?
5. What is the alternative to batch input session?
6. A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit
the program and the batch session in background. How to do it?
7. What is the difference between a pool table and a transparent table and how they
are stored at the database level?
8. What are the problems in processing batch input sessions? How is batch input
process different from processing on line?
9. What do you define in the domain and data element?
10. What are the different types of data dictionary objects?
11. How many types of tables exist and what are they in data dictionary?
12. What is the step-by-step process to create a table in data dictionary?
13. Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the database
physically?
14. What are the domains and data elements?
15. Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
16. What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP
programs?
17. What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
18. What is a collect statement? How is it different from append?
19. What is open sql vs native sql?
20. What does an EXEC SQL stmt do in ABAP? What is the disadvantage of using
it?
21. What is the meaning of ABAP editor integrated with ABAP data dictionary?
22. What are the events in ABAP language?
23. What is an interactive report? What is the obvious diff of such report compared
with classical type reports?
24. What is a drill down report?
25. How do you write a function module in SAP? Describe.
26. What are the exceptions in function module?
27. What is a function group?
28. How are the date abd time field values stored in SAP?
29. What are the fields in a BDC_Tab Table?
30. Name a few data dictionary objects?
31. What happens when a table is activated in DD?
32. What is a check table and what is a value table?
33. What are match codes? Describe?
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34. What transactions do you use for data analysis?
35. What is table maintenance generator?
36. What are ranges? What are number ranges?
37. What are select options and what is the diff from parameters?
38. How do you validate the selection criteria of a report? And how do you display
initial values in a selection screen?
39. What are selection texts?
40. What is CTS and what do you know about it?
41. When a program is created and need to be transported to prodn does selection
texts always go with it? if not how do you make sure? Can you change the CTS
entries? How do you do it?
42. What is the client concept in SAP? What is the meaning of client independent?
43. Are programs client dependent?
44. Name a few system global variables you can use in ABAP
programs?
45. What are internal tables? How do you get the number of lines in an internal
table? How to use a specific number occurs statement?
46. How do you take care of performance issues in your ABAP
programs?
47. What are datasets?
48. How to find the return code of a stmt in ABAP programs?
49. What are interface/conversion programs in SAP?
50. Have you used SAP supplied programs to load master data?
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2. Adapted from response by Maram Roja on Tuesday, June 15,
2004
1. What are the techniques involved in using SAP supplied programs? Do you
prefer to write your own programs to load master data? Why?
2. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/disadvantages of logical
databases?
3. What specific statements do you using when writing a drill down
report?
4. What are different tools to report data in SAP? What all have you
used?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ABAP query
tool?
6. What are the functional areas? User groups? How does ABAP query work in
relation to these?
7. Is a logical database a requirement/must to write an ABAP query?

8. What is the structure of a BDC sessions.
9. What are Change header/detail tables? Have you used them?
10. What do you do when the system crashes in the middle of a BDC batch
session?
11. What do you do with errors in BDC batch sessions?
12. How do you set up background jobs in SAP? What are the steps? What are the
event driven batch jobs?
13. Is it possible to run host command from SAP environment? How do you
run?
14. What kind of financial periods exist in SAP? What is the relevant table for
that?
15. Does SAP handle multiple currencies? Multiple languages?
16. What is a currency factoring technique?
17. How do you document ABAP programs? Do you use program documentation
menu option?
18. What is SAPscript and layout set?
19. What are the ABAP commands that link to a layout set?
20. What is output determination?
ABAP Interview Questions
1.Without using Tcode SE11, How can we enter the values in to the table???
2.What is the difference between Collect statement and Append Statement???
3.What do you mean by correction and Transportation system???
4.What is the difference between User Exits and BADI????
5.How can we identify User exits in our screen???
6.What do you mean by Inbound and Outbound interface???
7.In realtime do we configure ALE systems or Administator will take care of
that??
8.How to release an object???
9.What is the flow of a Sales document???
10.What is the flow of Purchase order???
12.What is the flow of Invoice???
13.What are the standard IDOC's used???
14.What do you mean by table control???Where will we use this???
15.What are field symbols??Where will we use these symbols???
Deepti
1. There are other ways of entering data into a DB table. ex. B D C
2. Collect statement collect/adds the records basing on a key field. allows to create
summarised data sets.
Append will append/add a record at the end of existing records
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8. to release an object - use se10/se9
9. sales doc flow: S. A. - S. O. - Delivery - Billing
12. Delivery - invoice.
15. field symbols are used for dynamic allocation. at runtime u can assign a
concrete field to field-symbol.
Kishore
1. you can go to abap editor (se38) and use insert statement for insertion update for
update and modify for modifications.
2. collect will not allow duplicate entries, while append can allow duplicates.
3. if any changes are made to objects they are to be transported to different systems
i.e, change and transport.
4. in user exits we go by general method for enhancements while BADIs we use
objects (oops concepts)
methods for enhancement.
14. table controls are enhanced version for step loops where we can expand rows
.main difference between these two
is step loop can be expanded to two lines table controls can`t.
15. field symbols are just like pointers concept which are used in C language. We
use them when we want to refer to
the fields considered,it doesnt allocate any memory for it.
Venu Rapolu
1. Ans: Using BDC., LSMW,,ALE., BAPI
2. Ans: Collect: it adds the numeric fields to the existing non numeric key field
records., thereby avoiding duplicate
values., and append will simply adds the record
3 . Ans: The CTS contains work bench organizer and transport system :
The workbench organizer is used to record and contol changes to the ABAP/4
development objects;
The transport system is used to move objects from an SAP dev.system to
production system
6. Ans: Outbound interface is used to send IDocs to the ALE server.,
Inbound interface is used to Analyse the received Idoc.
7. Ans: We (ABAPers) don't do.
8. Ans: se09 or se10
13. Ans: MATMAS
CREMAS
DEBMAS
GLMAST etc...
14. Ans: to display records in table format., we use in Screens
15. Ans: we assign the field content at run time with ASSIGN stmt.
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Satish D
1. goto se16 u can view the table contents
2. collect will collects all the numeric fields of nonnumeric field values
append will append record at the end of table
3. when we are creatiing new task like dev. a new prg.. after completion of dev.
that will be trnsported to testing system or production system to do that we are
assigning an
transport request from our dev.class(system) by using se09
4. badis are dev. by class and inheritence methods where as user exitsdev by SAP
only and empty shells filled wit user logic
5. go to system then status
6. outbound generating an idoc in ale layer with master_idoc_create_messgetype,
inbound is receivng system with idoc_inbound_process, gives an return variable
wether it is sucess or not
7. no we have to configur that
8. go to se09 or se01 there write your task no and use release button it will asks
whats the other system name
and number enter them and relase by pressing jeep button
9. inquiry
quotation
sales order
shipping
delivery
invoice
return goods
12. after creation of delivry note invoice is prepared
13. master_idoc_distribute will generate standard idoc
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Deepti
I am enclosing some of answers which I know.
1. We can use t.Code SE16 to enter values into table only if table maintainence is
allowed for that table.
2. Append will add new entries into the table where as collect add into the numeric
type fields if other charatcer fields
matches to your selection criteria.
3. CTS used for creation of ABAP development transport requests.The transaction
code for this is SE10.
4. UserExits r used for adding additional functionality to the existing SAP standard
transactions.Using UserExits we can add additional functionality standard SAP

functionality without making any changes to the original code.BADI is a
standardized interface for ABAP sources that enables partners and customers to
enhance SAP-delivered programs in their namespace.
5 .We can identify User exits by using transactions CMOD and SMOD.
6. After entering transaction code SE10 select the transport request which u want
to transport and click on transport icon(Truck symbol) to release it.
10. Purchase Requistion->RFQ->Vendor Evaluation->Purchase
Order(ME21).
14. Table control is the only facility provide thru dialog programming when we
come acrosse the use of updating standared,deletion,insertion and all database
operations.
15. Field symbols r pointers to the existing data types(like 'C') which does not
allocate any memory space. These are used faster access of data.
Answers to some ABAP Interview Questions:
Questions which I have faced in an interview:
1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done anything to improve the
performance?
3) How to transfer the objects? Have to transferred any objects?
4) How did you test the developed objects?
5) What is the difference between SAP Memory and ABAP Memory?
6) In order to upload Purchase order details, how you handle multiple values for a
single field?
Eg: Item field may contain no. of values for a record
7) What is the procedure you followed to upload the data?
8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?
10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?
11) How to pass the variables to forms?
12) How to create a link between modified form and modified print program?
13) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and
forms?
14) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print?
15) What are Standard Texts?
16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?
17) What is pf-status?
18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one?
19) What are the output type and Tcodes?
20) Where we use Chain and Endchain?
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21) Do you use select statement in loop endloop, how will be the performance? To
improve the performance?
22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and
last date by default?
Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
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Go thru these answers:
1) What is runtime analysis? Have you used this?
It's checks program execution time in microseconds. When you go to se30.if you
give desired program name in performance file. It will take you to below screen.
You can get how much past is your program.
2) What is meant by performance analysis? Have done
3) How to transfer the objects? Have you transferred any objects?
4) How did you test the developed objects?
I was testing a developed object. There are two types of testing
- Negative testing
- Positive testing
In negative testing we will give negative data in input and we check any errors
occurs.
In positive testing we will give positive data in input for checking errors.
8) How did you handle errors in Call Transaction?
We can create a internal table like 'bsgmcgcoll'. All the messages will go to
internal table. We can get errors in this internal table.
Below messages are go to internal table. when you run the call transaction.
- Message type
- Message id
- Message Number
- Variable1
- Variable2
- Variable3
9) Among the Call Transaction and Session Method, which is faster?
Call transaction is faster then session method. But usually we use session method
in real time...because we can transfer large amount of data from internal table to
database and if any errors in a session. Process will not complete until session get
correct.

10) What are the difference between Interactive and Drill Down Reports?
ABAP/4 provides some interactive events on lists such as AT LINE-SELECTION
(double click) or AT USER-COMMAND (pressing a button). You can use these
events to move through layers of information about individual items in a list.
Drill down report is nothing but interactive report...drilldown means above
paragraph only.
11) How to pass the variables to forms?
12) What is the table, which contain the details of all the name of the programs and
forms?
Table contains vertical and horizontal lines. We can store the data in table as
blocks. We can scroll depends upon your wish. And these all are stored in database
(data dictionary).
Which contain the details of all the name of the programs and forms? (I don't
know).
13) How did you test the form u developed? How did you taken print?
14) What are Standard Texts?
16) What is the difference between Clustered Tables and Pooled Tables?
A pooled table is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 dictionary.
Pooled tables are logical tables that must be assigned to a table pool when they are
defined.
Cluster table are logical tables that must be assigned to a table cluster when they
are defined.
Cluster table can be used to store control data they can also used to store temporary
data or text such as documentation.
17) What is pf-status?
Pf status is used in interactive report for enhancing the functionality. If we go to
se41, we can get menus, items and different function keys, which we are using for
secondary list in interactive report.
18) Among "Move" and "Move Corresponding", which is efficient one?
I guess, 'move corresponding' is very efficient then 'move' statement. Because
usually we use this stamtent for internal table fields only...so if we give move
corresponding. Those fields only moving to other place (what ever you want).
19) What are the output type and Tcodes?
20) Where we use Chain and End chain?
21) Do you use select statement in loop end loop, how will be the performance? To
improve the performance?
22) In select-options, how to get the default values as current month first date and
last date by default?
Eg: 1/12/2004 and 31/12/2004
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SAP ABAP interview questions
Thanks to the reader who sent in this question set:
1. What is an ABAP data dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the
logical structures of the objects used in application development and shows how
they are mapped to the underlying relational database in tables/views.
2. What are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for
describing the technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It
describes the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the
semantic definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element
describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
3. What is foreign key relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between
tables and must be explicitly defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure
the consistency of data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to
ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship
cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records
or how referenced records are possible.
4. Describe data classes.- Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed.
Transaction data: It is the data which is often changed. Organization data: It is a
customizing data which is entered in the system when the system is configured and
is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for
itself.
5. What are indexes?- Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced
to specific fields. This data exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access
to the field of the tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the
associated record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are
activated along with the table and are created automatically with it in the
database.
6. Difference between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables:
Transparent tables in the dictionary has a one-to-one relation with the table in
database. Its structure corresponds to single database field. Table in the database
has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds application data.
Pooled tables. Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the
table in database. Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary.
Pooled table are stored in table pool at the database level.
7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate
simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate the following 3
simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports. Statistics: Reports with
statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical
reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer has to create user group and
a functional group. Functional group can be created using with or without logical
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database table. Finally, assign user group to functional group. Finally, create a
query on the functional group generated.
8. What is BDC programming?- Transferring of large/external/legacy data into
SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch input is a automatic procedure
referred to as BDC(Batch Data Communications).The central component of the
transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a batch input programs and
groups associated data into "sessions".
9. What are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3
functional modules which are used in a sequence to perform a data transfer
successfully using BDC programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like
Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in this functional
modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a
session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to close the batch input
session.
10. What are internal tables?- Internal tables are a standard data type object which
exists only during the runtime of the program. They are used to perform table
calculations on subsets of database tables and for re-organising the contents of
database tables according to users need.
11. What is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server.
ITS forms an interface between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts
screen provided data by the R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa.
Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed and tested in R/3
system. All transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the
R/3 system at runtime, can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of
automatic language processing in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent
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HTML documents at runtime.
12. What is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination
of screen and the associated flow logic Screen is also called as DynPro.
13. What are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a
tool to design and maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI
screens for the transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are
the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the
interface components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and
titles are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both
are the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
14. What are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing
tool of SAP which has the following components: Standard text. It is like a
standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating

forms in the R/3 system. Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and
character string. ABAP/4 program.
15. What is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV
is Application List viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER)
function modules which can be put into use to embellish the output of a report.
This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and functionality of
any report output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns
extending more than 255 characters in length. In such cases, this set of ALV
functions can help choose selected columns and arrange the different columns from
a report output and also save different variants for report display. This is a very
efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report
output. The report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide
array of display options.
16. What are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen,
Start-of-selection, end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At
user-command, At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
17. What is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport
System (CTS) is a tool that helps you to organize development projects in the
ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then transport the changes between the
SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This documentation provides
you with an overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential
information on setting up your system and client landscape and deciding on a
transport strategy. Read and follow this documentation when planning your
development project.
18. What are logical databases? What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical
databases?- To read data from a database tables we use logical database. A logical
database provides read-only access to a group of related tables to an ABAP/4
program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that user input is complete,
correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization checks
for database accesses. iv)good read access performance while retaining the
hierarchical data view determined by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you
donot specify a logical database in the program attributes,the GET events never
occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an
event ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
19. What is a batch input session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate
step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored
in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name
behind it, and how next screen is processed.
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20. How to upload data using CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to
Upload data through CATT: Creation of the CATT test case & recording the
sample data input. Download of the source file template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
21. What is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a
graphical design tool with robust functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all
new forms developed at SAP will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
22. How can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?-
Client dependent or independent transfer requirements include client specific or
cross client objects in the change requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are
client specific, some entries in customizing are client independent. If you display
the object list for one change request, and then for each object the object attributes,
you will find the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on,
then that transport will be client dependent.
23. What is the difference between macro and subroutine? - Macros can only be
used in the program the are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at
compilation / generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the
program the are defined in and other programs . A MACRO is more or less an
abbreviation for some lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A
FORM is a local subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is
(more or less) a subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is
not really possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them in
action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If the
subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a FUNCTION.
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