into to SP revised.ppt
- 1. what is social psychology?: • thoughts, • feelings, • and behaviors are influenced by the: • actual, • implied, • or imagined presence of others The study of how people’s: scientific ^ social psychology
- 2. What is Social Psychology? • “Social psychology involves the use of scientific methods to explore the ways in which a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.” – Gordon Allport, 1954 • suggests a cause - effect equation – cause (other people) - effect (an individual)
- 3. Social Psychology The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
- 4. Social psychology Is……… Social thinking: How we perceive ourselves And others. What we believe. Judgments we make. Our attitudes Social Influences Culture and biology. Pressures to conform. Persuasion. Groups of people Social relations:: Prejudice. Aggression. Attraction & intimacy. helping
- 5. Broad Themes of the Course • How the social world influences the individual: – one’s thoughts and feelings about the world – one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions toward other people – one’s thoughts and feelings about oneself – one’s attitudes, values, and beliefs
- 6. Social & cognitive processes • Social processes involve: Individual/group reaction to the presence of others How individuals behave when alone and in groups Use of language in private and in public What people do & say (measurable)
- 7. Cognitive processes Ways in which our emotions influence our thinking Ways in which our motives justify our means Ways in which significant others, e.g. family, society, influence our attitudes, values and beliefs. Ways in which our perceptions influence our reality
- 8. Social psychology & other disciplines • Social psychology shares the same research goals pursued by other disciplines of Behavioural Sciences To describe behaviour To explain behaviour To predict behaviour To control/influence behaviour
- 9. What is Social Psychology? Level of Analysis Field Level of Causes Level of Effects Sociology Social structure, group Groups Social psychology Groups, individuals Individuals Clinical psychology Individual disorders Individual emotional distress Cognitive psychology Mental structure Individual thinking
- 10. Basic Principles of Social Behavior 1. Social behavior is goal-oriented. 2. Social behavior represents a continual interaction between the person and the situation.
- 11. Social Goals At the broadest level (ultimate), we can categorize social goals into fundamental motives To establish and maintain social ties To understand ourselves and others To gain and maintain status To defend ourselves and those we value To attract and retain mates
- 12. Person-Situation Interactions By person, behavioral scientists mean the features or characteristics that individuals carry into social situations. situation indicates mean the environmental events or circumstances outside the person. Persons and situations influence one another in a number of ways.
- 13. Person-Situation Interactions 2. Situations Choose the Person Example: A tall person is more likely to be encouraged to play basketball. Not everyone gets to enter every situation they would like.
- 14. Person-Situation Interactions 3. Persons Choose Their Situations Example: Violence-prone people choose to watch violent films; less violent people do not.
- 15. Person-Situation Interactions 4. Different Situations Prime Different Parts of the Same Person Example: Around your professor, you may show your intellectual side; around an old friend who did not go to college, you may suppress it.
- 16. Person-Situation Interactions 5. Persons Change the Situation Example: A highly extraverted person can change a boring party into the social event of the season.
- 17. Person-Situation Interactions 6. Situations Change the Person Example: After four years of college, your intellectual inclinations will probably be more prominent.