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Intro to film language
This document provides an overview of basic film terminology related to shot sizes, camera angles, camera movements, and lighting. It defines common shot sizes like wide shot, long shot, mid shot, close up, and extreme close up. It also explains basic camera movements like pan, tilt, track, crane, and roll. Additionally, it covers camera angles like low angle, high angle, and Dutch angle. Finally, it discusses lighting techniques such as backlighting, sidelighting, and highlighting.
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Intro to film language
- 1. FILM TERMINOLOGY some basicterms to learn
- 2. SHOT SIZE Shot sizesrelate to the human figure.There are five main sizes used in film Wide Long Mid Close Up Extreme Close Up
- 3. Wide Shot Mid Shot CloseUp Extreme Close Up Long Shot
- 4. WIDE SHOT sometimes calledan establishing shot as the wide shot helps establish the location and likely atmosphere of that part of the film. the wide shot is often a ‘master shot’ of the scene
- 6. LONG SHOT Shows thefull body of the character Often shows how the character relates to the environment, what their place in it is How do the characters fit in the environment of the sequence you have just seen
- 7. MID SHOT Figures inthe frame are only seen from the waist up. Provides detail while providing some contextual information. Can often show relationships between characters
- 9. CLOSE UP Contains almost,no background but focuses on the whole of an object or person’s face. Can be used isolate figure from its surroundings. Can be used to show emotion or draw attention to information. Also called a ‘head and shoulders’ shot
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- 12. EXTREME CLOSE UP Showsenlarged detail of subject or an object Known as a ‘detail shot’ The ECU is used to highlight a certain part of the frame for emotional or narrative reasons
- 14. POINT OFVIEW SHOT Ashot as if through the eyes of a character
- 15. UNDERSTANDING ‘THE LINE’ •Whenfilming a conversation between 2 people, an important rule is not to cross ‘the line’ •‘the line’ is a mental guide for both director and editor as to which side of the subject they are shooting and looking at •think of it as a 180˚ line between the two characters.The camera must stay on one side of it
- 16. Here is anexample of the line being observed. Notice how the camera can ‘move’ through the line if necessary to film from another angle. See notes on cross-cutting
- 17. CAMERA MOVEMENT There areFIVE basic camera movements: Pan Tilt Track Crane Roll There is also the camera action of the zoom in and out
- 18. PAN Camera pivots fromleft to right or right to left either from object to object or following a figure or object. The camera itself is usually on a tripod
- 19. TILT The camera pivotsup or down The camera is usually mounted on a tripod
- 20. TRACK The camera movesto track a subject The movement can be backwards, forwards or sideways If the camera runs on tracks, it is a ‘dolly’ shot
- 21. CRANE The camera movesvertically, often on a mechanical arm
- 22. ROLL The camera rotateson its axis, pitching the camera sideways.The setting seems to spin or pitch. Sometimes called a ‘dutch roll’
- 23. MOVEMENTS COMBINED Camera movementsare often combined. A steadi-cam can be used to travel where dollies and cranes can’t.
- 24. WIDE ANGLE VSTELEPHOTO SHOTS Wide angle and telephoto refer to whether the camera is zoomed out (wide) or zoomed in (telephoto) By altering the lens length (zooming in or out), a close up of a person can look completely different
- 25. WIDE ANGLE Wide angle= 1. the image looks ‘deep’ - objects in the background look far away 2. DEEP FOCUS - everything in focus in the shot distance far away and in focus distortion of features, ‘bending’ of edges of frame
- 26. TELEPHOTO Telephoto = 1.‘flattening’ ofimage, so background looks closer SHALLOW FOCUS - only part of the frame in focus distance close up and in focus, while foreground and background out of focus
- 27. CAMERA ANGLES There are3 main angles Low High ‘Dutched’
- 28. DUCTHED, DUTCH ANGLE, DUTCHTILT CANTED ANGLE A Dutch Angle is achieved by tilting the camera off to one side so that teh shot is composed with vertical lines to the sides of the frame Often used to portray the psychological uneasiness or tension in the subject being filmed
- 29. The angle refersto where the CAMERA is LOW angle means the camera is LOW, looking up HIGH angle means the camera is HIGH, looking down A low angle is often used to make the subject look powerful, the high angle makes the subject look weak If the camera is directly above it is an ‘overhead’ or ‘birds-eye’ shot
- 31. Lighting plays abig part in creating mood in a film It is the responsibility of the Director of Photography to light sets Three alternative lighting effects are: Backlighting - subjects lit from behind - aka silhouette Sidelighting - lit from the side - aka chiaroscuro Highlighting - one part of the frame lit to draw attention to it LIGHTING
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