Introduction For Lighting Luminaries

overview
 Lighting System is a major system in any electrical plan, as engineers we must
take into account in our designs the Jordanian design standards (lux level,
luminary type, lamp type… etc.) to have the most efficient and economic
design.
 In this factory we detect many problems such as:
1. They didn’t satisfy lux level as Jordanian Lighting Code recommendations.
2. They didn’t use appropriate luminary type to satisfy the efficient energy light.
3. They didn’t use appropriate lamp type to satisfy the efficient energy light.
4. They didn’t distribute the lighting unit in recommended places to give the
most efficient lighting.

overview
 To solve these problems we worked on redesigning lighting system for the
factory by using Dialux program and Philips Luminaries once by using
conventional luminaries and the other by using LED luminaries to select the
most appropriate luminaries and lamps to satisfy the Jordanian Lighting Code
recommendation and to give the most energy efficient design.

Dialux
 Dialux is the most important lighting design and lighting planning program
which used by architects, lighting designers, lighting and lighting furniture
experts worldwide.
 It allows simulating light settings both indoors and outdoors; it professionally
calculates and checks all lighting parameters for interiors and exteriors, roads
and tunnels, providing clear and accurate results according to the latest interior
décor regulations.
 Lighting designers can then rely on a software system and on constantly
updated files, which allow choosing from the lighting components
manufactured by leading world manufacturers. The luminaries (lamps, LED
spotlights, floodlights, ceiling fixtures) included in the program come with
detailed descriptions and technical specifications such as power rate, intensity
and luminous flux, luminance diagrams and isolux photometric curves.

Some important definitions :
1. Lumen : The lumen is a standardized unit of measurement of the total
amount of light that is produced by a light source, such as a bulb or tube.
2. Lux : Lux is a standardized unit of measurement of the light intensity (which
can also be called ( “luminance” or “illumination” ) as an example for
reference purposes and it can define as the illumination of a surface one
meter away from a single candle .
3. Color rendering : Color rendering relates to the way objects appear under a
given light source. The measure is called the "color rendering index", or
CRI.A low CRI indicates than objects may appear unnatural under the
source, while a light with a high CRI rating will allow an object's colors to
appear more nature

The classification of luminaries based on diffuser
type :
1. Opal Diffuser :
This type is used to protect the luminary against “Moisture”

type :
2. Prismatic diffuser :
This type use to protect the luminary against “ Dust “

type :
3. Louver diffuser :
This type use in offices to distribute light and reduce
the glare .

The classification of luminaries based on ceiling
type:
1. Surface Mounted Lighting :

type:
2. Suspended Lighting :
It’s used for high ceiling ( more than 6.5 m )

type:
3. Recessed Lighting :
This type use when there is False Ceiling or Gibson
Board ceiling .

Lamp classification :
There is three basic lamp family :
A. Filament lamp .
B. Discharge lamps .
C. LED .

A. Filament Lamp
1. Incandescent
 incandescent lighting is a bad choice for energy saving projects , incandescent
is the least efficient of another lighting lamp types.
 Approximately 90% of the energy that is consumed in an incandescent lamp is
release in the form of heat while only 10% is converted to visible light , but it’s
still the most cheap type .( 1 )
 Color rendering factor is amount 100% , but it’s not comfortable for human
eyes .

A. Filament Lamp
2. Halogen (Tungsten)
 Advantages :
I. Halogen lamps are low cost to produce .
II. Longer life than a conventional incandescent .
III. Instant on to full brightness , no warm up time , and it is dimmable .

Halogen (Tungsten) Cont.
 Disadvantages :
I. Extremely hot ( easily capable of causing severe burns if the lamp is touched )
II. The lamp is sensitive to oils left by human skin , if we touch the bulb with our
bare hands the oil left behind will heat up once the bulb is activated , this oil
may cause an imbalance and result in a rupture of the bulb .
III. Not as efficient as ( Metal Halide lamps ) .

B. Gas Discharge Lamps :
 This family has many different types , such as :
1. Fluorescent Lamps
2. High Pressure Sodium [HPS]
3. Low Pressure Sodium [LPS]
4. Low Pressure Mercury [LPM]
5. Metal Halide [ MBI ]

1. Fluorescent Lamps
 This type has tow shapes :
I. Fluorescent Tubes : the most famous types of fluorescent tubes are TL-5 and
TL-D
II. Compact Fluorescent : The most famous types of Compact Fluorescent are
Integrated type and Non Integrated type .

I. Fluorescent Tubes
 Fluorescent tube came in to dimension :
I. TL-D
II. TL-5

I. TL-D
II. TL-5
LumenTube LengthConsumption Power
1200 Lumen60 cm18 Watt
LumenTube LengthConsumption Power

 Final Comparison :
TL-DTL-5Type
Low Lm/WHigh Lm/WLumen
Diameter : 35 mmDiameter : 16 mmSize
10,000 hours30,000 hourslife time
High powerLow powerWatt
LowHighCost

II. Compact Florescent
I. Integrated type : II. Non integrated type :
Low Lumen/watt
18 watt → 900 Lumen
High Lumen/watt
18 watt → 1350 Lumen

2. High Pressure Sodium [HPS]
 Advantages :
1. Very efficient lamp .
2. Powerful lamp for use of large areas .
3. Lumen output does not drop with age ( such as in LEDs or Incandescents ) .
 Disadvantages :
1. Worst color rendering of any lamp 20% .
2. Sodium is a hazardous material which can combust when exposed to air
(such as if the bulb is broken in the trash ) .

3. Low Pressure Sodium [LPS]
 This family has the same setting of High Pressure Sodium but with better color
rendering with 45% .

4. Low Pressure Mercury [LPM]
 Advantages :
I. Good efficiency
II. Color rendering is better than high pressure sodium but still bad in around
40 % .
III. Some lamps last far longer than 24,000 hour mark , sometimes 40 years .
 Disadvantages :
1. Like many lamps it contains traces of mercury which must be disposed
properly .
2. HPS streetlights have a better lumen per watt rating .
3. Human skin looks green under the light, it is poor for color film/photography .
4. Warm up time required to start the lamp ( 2 ) .

5. Metal Halide [ MBI ]
 Advantages :
I. Compared to high pressure sodium (SON) lamps, Metal halide lamps offer
similar advantages, but have different characteristics. The efficacy of MBI
lamps is comparable to that of SON lamps, and they are available over a wider
range of power ratings, 50 to 2000 W.
II. They have a cooler, whiter, color appearance than SON lamps. They have
better color rendering properties than SON lamps around ( 70-90 ) %.
 Disadvantages :
I. A disadvantage of MBI lamps, when compared to SON lamps, is that they
have a shorter service life , this should be weighed against the advantages of
better color rendering ( 3 ) .

C. LED
 Today most efficient way of illumination and lighting, with an estimated
energy efficiency of 80%-90% when compared to traditional lighting and
conventional light bulbs. This means that about 80% of the electrical energy is
converted to light, while a 20% is lost and converted into other forms of energy
such as heat.

C. LED
 Basic advantages of LED Light:
1. Energy efficient - LED’s are now capable of outputting 135 lumens/watt .
2. Long Lifetime - 50,000 hours or more if properly engineered .
3. Rugged - LED’s are also called “Solid State Lighting (SSL) as they are made of
solid material with no filament or tube or bulb to break .
4. No warm-up period - LED’s light instantly – in nanoseconds .
5. Excellent Color Rendering - LED’s do not wash out colors like other light
sources such as fluorescents, making them perfect for displays and retail
applications .
6. Environmentally friendly - LED’s contain no mercury or other hazardous
substances .
7. Controllable - LED’s can be controlled for brightness and color
8. LEDs are ideal for use in applications that are subject to frequent on-off
cycling, unlike fluorescent lamps that burn out more quickly when cycled
frequently, or HID lamps that require a long time before restarting .

C. LED
 Disadvantages and challenges in using LEDs:
1. LEDs are currently more expensive, price per lumen, on an initial capital cost
basis, than more conventional lighting technologies. However, when
considering the total cost of ownership (including energy and maintenance
costs), LEDs far surpass incandescent or halogen sources and begin to
threaten compact fluorescent lamps.
2. LEDs must be supplied with the correct voltage and current at a constant
flow. This requires some electronics expertise to design the electronic
drivers.
3. LED performance largely depends on correctly engineering the fixture to
manage the heat generated by the LED, which causes deterioration of the
LED chip itself.

C. LED
HalogenCompact
fluorescent
LEDComparison
5k hrs10k hrs100k hrsLife time
501610Watts per bulb
2.5635Cost per light (euro)
5.0001.6001.000KWH of electricity used
over 100k hrs
700224140Cost of electricity (euro) at
0.14 euro/KWH
20101No. of lights needed for
100K hrs use
506035Equivalent 100k hrs bulb
expense (euro)
750284175Total cost per light for 100k
hrs (euro)

Introduction For Lighting Luminaries

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