Introduction of Kubernetes - Trang Nguyen

INTRODUCTION OF
KUBERNETES
T R A N G N G U Y E N P R E S E N T A T I O N

Table of Contents
Introduction of Kubernetes Kubernetes Component
Nodes in Kubernetes
Kubernetes Development Process
o Before Kubernetes
o Benefits of Containers
o Are containers the same
thing as microservices?
o Microservices
Architecture
o Microservices
Architecture –
Ecommerce
o Container Architecture
o Microservices use cases
o What is Kubernetes?
o Why organization should
use Kubernetes?
1 2
3
4
Networking in Kubernetes
5
Security Measures in Kubernetes
6
o What Kubernetes can do?
o What Kubernetes can’t
do?
o Roadmap to install
Kubernetes
o Features of Kubernetes
o Kubernetes Architecture
o Kubernetes vs Docker
Swarm
o Kubernetes 7 use cases
o Advantage of Kubernetes
o 30-60-90 day plan in
Kubernetes
o What is Kubelet?
o What is Kubectl?
o What is Kubeadm?
o What is a node in Kubernetes?
o Master node
o Worker node
o What is blue green deployment?
o How to automate the deployment?
o Kubernetes networking model
o Ingress networking in Kubernetes
o Best security measures in Kubernetes
2

Introduction
of
Kubernetes
1
3
o Before Kubernetes
o Benefits of Containers
o Are containers the same thing as
microservices?
o Microservices Architecture
o Microservices Architecture –
Ecommerce
o Container Architecture
o Microservices use cases
o What is Kubernetes?
o Why organization should use
Kubernetes?
o What Kubernetes can do?
o What Kubernetes can’t do?
o Roadmap to install Kubernetes
o Features of Kubernetes
o Kubernetes Architecture
o Kubernetes vs Docker Swarm
o Kubernetes 7 use cases
o Advantage of Kubernetes
o 30-60-90 day plan in Kubernetes

Before Kubernetes
The slide covers the Architecture of
before and after Kubernetes introduction
Operating System
Hardware
App App App
Operating System
Hardware
App App App
Hypervisor
Bin/ Lib Bin/ Lib Bin/ Lib
Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
VM VM
VM
Operating System
Hardware
App App App
Container Runtime
Container Container
Container
Traditional Deployment Virtualized Deployment Container Deployment
. Resource allocation issues
. If each application on a different physical
server -> can’t
scale & expensive to maintain many
physical servers.
. High cost of implementation
. Security risk
. Availability issue
. Limitations & Restrictions
. Time consuming
Containers are similar to VMs, but share
the OS among the applications ->
portable across clouds and OS
distributions.
4

Benefits of Containers
This slide highlights important factors why companies needs containers
300% Faster Time to Market
 Newer applications and services
keep the competitive edge
 Agile application creation and
deployment
 CI/CD pipeline
 Dev and Ops separation of
concerns
- 40% IT Infrastructure Reduction
 Increase application work density
 Recover utilization of the server density
 Reduce package licensing prices
Gain Freedom of Choice
 Cloud and OS distribution
portability: Runs on Ubuntu,
RHEL, CoreOS, on-premises, on
major public clouds, and
anywhere else
40% IT Operational Efficiency
 Automate the management of
various applications and
infrastructure into one
operational model
5

Are Containers the Same Thing as Microservices?
Microservices is an style of architecture.
A microservices design structures an application as a
set of loosely coupled, collaborating services that
deliver specific business capabilities.
Containers facilitate build it happen.
Containers are a lightweight, efficient and standard
way for applications to move between environments
and run independently.
6

Microservices Architecture
This slide is to highlight the Microservices Architecture of Containers
7
Microservices Architecture
Microservice Microservice Microservice Microservice
Bare Metal Public Cloud
Containers
Virtualized
Applications

Microservices Architecture E-Commerce Application
8
Search
Client Browser
Review & Ratings
Payments
UI Microservice

Container Architecture
This slide highlights the core Architecture of Containers and Applications hosted to the Docker Engine.
Host Operating System
Host Hardware
App App App
Docker Engine
Container Container
Container
9

Microservices Use Cases
The slide covers the major microservices use cases such as user info microservices, most trending use cases and recommendations microservices.
10
UI Microservice
Recommendations
Microservice
Most
Trending Microservice
User Info
Microservice
Content
Microservice
Video Uploading
Microservice
Most Liked
Microservice

What is Kubernetes?
The slide shows the overview of Kubernetes.
11
KUBERNETES
 designed by Google
 currently maintained by
the Cloud Native
Computing Foundation
 an open-source container
orchestration system
 help to automate
application deployment,
scaling, and management
Service Discovery
Load Balancing
Scheduling
Control Plane
etcd
API Server
kubelet
Container
Runtime
app
app
service
kubelet
Container
Runtime
app
app
service
kubelet
Container
Runtime
app
app
service
Worker Nodes
External
Request

12
Why Organization Should use Kubernetes?
The slide highlights the core reasons why organization should opt Kubernetes.
Better Management through Modularity
IT Cost Optimization
Multi-cloud (and Hybrid Cloud)
Flexibility
Improved Scalability and Availability
03
02
04
01
Effective Migration to the Cloud 05

 load balance and distribute the network traffic
so that the deployment is stable.
Service discovery and load balancing
 fit containers onto your nodes with CPU and
memory (RAM) predefined to make the best
use of your resources.
Automatic bin packing
 mount a storage system of your choice
automatically, such as local storages, public
cloud providers, and more.
Storage orchestration
 restarts containers that fail, replaces
containers, kills containers that don't respond
to your user-defined health check
Self-healing
 create new containers automatically.
 remove existing containers and adopt all their
resources to the new container.
Automated rollouts and rollbacks
 store and manage sensitive information
 update secrets and application configuration
without rebuilding your container images
Secret and configuration management
13
What Kubernetes can do?

What Kubernetes can’t do?
Containers
runtime
Kubernetes simply
manages the
containers once they
are running.
Kubernetes supports
a range of container
runtimes e.g. Docker
Containerizing
applications
You have to package
the application into
containers, then give
Kubernetes the
container images
you've built to deploy
them.
Container
image
management
Kubernetes natively
integrates with several
3rd-party registries to
automate storage or
management of the
images.
Infrastructure
provisioning
Kubernetes only
manages the
workloads that run on
top of servers.
Kubernetes can’t
magically generate
more server
resources.
Security
Kubernetes can't
detect malware inside
container images or
alert you to
anomalous behavior.
You need external
tools to achieve these
tasks.
14

Configure IP Tables
Install Kubeadm-
Kubelet & Kubectl
Install Docker & Configure
Disable SWAP
Create Default Audit Policy
Install NFS Client Drivers
START
END
Roadmap to install Kubernetes
The slide highlights the roadmap to install Kubernetes in the organization.
15

02
Service Discovery & Load Balancing
03
Storage Orchestration
04
Self Healing
01
Automatic Bin Packing
Features of Kubernetes
06
Batch Execution
07
Horizontal Scaling
08
Automatic Rollbacks & Rollouts
05
Secret & Configuration Management
16

Kubernetes Architecture
17
Controllers
Scheduler
Kubernetes Master
Key-Value Store
etcd
API Server
API
CLI-
Command
Line
UI

18
Kubernetes vs Docker Swarm
The slide provides the key difference between Kubernetes and Docker Swarm
No Auto Scaling
01
Good Community
02
Easy to Start a Cluster
03
Limited to the Docker API's Capabilities
04
Does not have as Much Experience with
Production Deployments at Scale
05
Can Overcome Constraints of Docker
and Docker API
Auto Scaling
01
Great Active Community
02
Difficult to Start a Cluster
03
04
Deployed at Scale more often among
Organizations
05
Kubernetes
Docker Swarm

19
Kubernetes 7 use Cases
The slide contains the important 7 use cases of Kubernetes
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Learning how to get your app up and running
by deploying it on a Kubernetes cluster
Simple App
Orchestrating complicated apps based on a
microservice architecture with many
components
Microservices
Facilitating the moving of on-prem apps to
the cloud
Lift and Shift
Managing containers with encapsulated
network functions (CNF initiatives)
Cloud Native Network Functions
Managing machine learning workflows to
deploy faster AI-based apps
Machine Learning
Enabling computing-heavy tasks
Heavy Computing
CI/CD tasks are easier to perform with
Kubernetes
CI/CD

20
Advantages of Kubernetes
The slide highlights the major advantages of Kubernetes
Using Kubernetes and its Brobdingnagian Scheme will
improve your productivity
01
Kubernetes and a cloud-native technical school
stack attracts talent
02
Kubernetes could be a future proof answer
03
Kubernetes helps to form your application run
additional stable
04
Kubernetes is cheaper than its alternatives
05
Orchestrate containers on multiple hosts
06

21
30-60-90 Days Plan in Kubernetes
The slide highlights the 30-60-90 Days plan to implement Kubernetes
30
Days
60
Days
90
Days
 Starting out with containers and
container orchestration tools
 Install Kubernetes
 Load balancing with Kubernetes
 Two-step load-balancer setup
 Configuring load balancing
 Enable Logging
 Start Monitoring
 Fixing Issues
 Implement Blue-green
deployments in
Kubernetes
 Making the deployments
automatic
 Know your resource
constraints

Kubernetes
Component
2
22
oWhat is Kubelet?
oWhat is Kubectl?
oWhat is Kubeadm?

Kubernetes Components
The slide highlights the key components of Kubernetes
23
Kubernetes Control Plane
Kube-api-server
Kubernetes Nodes
Kubelet
Kube-proxy
Kubelet
Kube-proxy
Kubelet
Kube-proxy
Kube-controller
Manager
Cloud-controller
Manager
Kube-scheduler
etcd
CLOUD

The kubelet is the primary "node agent" that runs on each node.
The kubelet works in terms of a PodSpec. A PodSpec is a YAML or JSON object that describes a pod. The kubelet takes a set
of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms (primarily through the apiserver) and ensures that the
containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't manage containers which were not
created by Kubernetes.
What is Kubelet?
The slide shows the overview of Kubelet and explains its functionality
24
Node
Kubelet
Docker
Resource Definition
(Pod, Etc)
Master
API Server Kubectl
POD

The kubectl command line tool lets you control Kubernetes clusters.
For configuration, kubectl looks for a file named config in the $HOME/.kube directory.
For details about each command, including all the supported flags and subcommands, see the kubectl reference
documentation. For installation instructions see installing kubectl.
What is Kubectl?
25
KUBERNETES
API
HTTP
Kubernetes
KUBECTL

Using kubeadm, you can create a minimum viable Kubernetes cluster that conforms to best practices.
In fact, you can use kubeadm to set up a cluster that will pass the Kubernetes Conformance tests. kubeadm also supports
other cluster lifecycle functions, such as bootstrap tokens and cluster upgrades.
What is Kubeadm?
26
kubernetes
Docker
Master
1) Kubeadm init
kubernetes
Docker
Node 1
2) Kubeadm join

Nodes in
Kubernetes
3
27
oWhat is a node in Kubernetes?
oMaster node
oWorker node

28
What is a Node in Kubernetes?
The slide provides the overview of nodes in Kubernetes
A Node in Kubernetes Cluster is the
main Worker Machine
They are also known
as Minions
Node Provide All The Necessary
Services to Run Pods
It Cloud Run on a Physical
Machine or a VM
03
02
04
01
Node in Kubernetes System is
Managed by the Master 05
NODES

29
Controllers
Scheduler
Kubernetes Master
Key-Value Store
etcd
API Server
API
CLI-
Command
Line
UI
Master Node in Kubernetes
The slide highlights overview of Master Node in Kubernetes and its functionality
A Master Node
is a node which controls and
manages a group of worker
nodes (workloads runtime)
and resembles a cluster in
Kubernetes. All external
communication to the cluster
is via the API-Server, Kube-
Controller-Manager, that runs
a group of controllers for the
running cluster.

30
Worker/Slave Node in Kubernetes
The slide highlights overview of Worker Node in Kubernetes and its functionality
A Worker Node
 It is a physical server otherwise
you will say a VM that runs the
applications victimization Pods
(a pod programming unit) that
is controlled by the Master
Node.
 On a physical server
(Worker/Slave Node), Pods
area unit scheduled.
 For accessing the applications
from the external world, we
have a tendency to connect
with nodes.
Kubelet
POD
POD
POD
Container
Runtime
Kube-proxy
External World

Kubernetes
Development
Process
4
31
oWhat is blue green deployment?
oHow to automate the deployment?

32
What is Blue Green Deployment?
The slide explains what is blue green deployment and its functionality
Blue Green Deployment
 Blue green deployment is a
method that reduces period
and risk by running 2 identical
production environments
called Blue and Green.
 At any time, just one of the
environments is live, with the
live atmosphere serving all
production traffic.
 For this instance, Blue is
presently live and Green is idle.
Pod
Pod
Pod
Service v1
Pod
Pod
Pod
v2
Test Automation

Container pipelines automate each of the stages in the container deployment process, from building the initial image to
deploying to production. Typically, the entire container pipeline consists of three stages:
 Integration: changes are checked into source control, triggering the build process and unit tests.
 Acceptance testing: the container is deployed to a test environment and verified for functionality.
 Deployment: the final, fully-tested image is deployed to production.
33
How to automate the deployment?
The slide highlights how to automate the deployment process
Kubernetes
Build Server
Docker Hub
Deployer
builds image
HTTP Callback
deploys

Networking
Kubernetes
5
34
oKubernetes networking model
oIngress networking in Kubernetes

35
Kubernetes Networking Model
Kubernetes Cluster
Container to Container Container to Container
Pod to Pod
Internet to Kubernetes
Internet

36
Ingress Networking in Kubernetes
The slide explains the Ingress Networking in Kubernetes and its working
flannel0
eth0
eth0
veth0
cbr0
Pod 1
Network
eth0
veth1
Pod 2
Network
Node 1 Root Network
flannel0
eth0
eth0
veth0
cbr0
Pod 3
Network
eth0
veth1
Pod 4
Network
Node 2 Root Network
Route Table

Security
Measures in
Kubernetes
6
37
oBest security measures in Kubernetes

38
Best Security Measures in Kubernetes
The slide consists of the best Security measures which needs to follow in Kubernetes
Implement Continuous Security
Vulnerability Scanning
Enables Auditing
Providing limited direct access to
Kubernetes Nodes
Defines Resources Quota
Use Images from Authorized
Repository only
Decides Strict Policy/Rules for
Resources
Implement Network Segmentation
Log everything on the
Production Environment
Restrict Access to ETCD
Apply Security Updates to
Environment Regularly

References
Learn about Kubernetes and its fundamental concepts
https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
01
Introduction To Kubernetes | Simplilearn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISUmszlMQPU
02
Introduction to Kubernetes | Microsoft
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/intro-to-kubernetes/
03
Introduction to Kubernetes architecture
https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/containers/kubernetes-architecture
04
Understanding Kubernetes Architecture With Diagrams
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/understanding-kubernetes-architecture-diagrams
05
Kubernetes Tutorial - A Comprehensive Guide for Kubernete
https://www.edureka.co/blog/kubernetes-tutorial/
06
Kubernetes in Action: What It Does (and Doesn't) Do
https://www.itprotoday.com/containers/kubernetes-action-what-it-does-and-doesnt-do
07
Comparing Container Pipelines
https://dzone.com/articles/comparing-container-pipelines
08
Kubernetes slide templates | SlideTeam
https://www.slideteam.net/kubernetes-docker-container-implementation-ppt-
powerpoint-presentation-slide-templates.html
09
39

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T R A N G N G U Y E N P R E S E N TAT I O N
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Introduction of Kubernetes - Trang Nguyen