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Introduction part 1
- 1. Dr. Rana Nagah Lecturerof oral biology Email: [email protected] Introduction To Dental Anatomy
- 2. 1. Introduction tooral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles What are our Objectives?
- 3. 1. Introduction tooral structures: Teeth are arranged in the mouth in 2 jaws: Upper jaw Maxilla Maxillary teeth. Lower jaw Mandible Mandibular teeth A midline divides the oral cavity vertically into 2 equal halves. So the teeth in oral cavity are divided into 4 Quadrants. Maxillary arch & teeth Midline Mandibular arch & teeth
- 4. Maxillary Right quadrantMaxillary Left quadrant Mandibular Right quadrant Mandibular Left quadrant
- 5. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro µanatomy of teeth 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 6. 2. Types ofteeth There are 4 types of teeth: Two types called Anteriors The other 2 types are called Posteriors
- 7. Incisors There are 2incisors in each quadrant 1 central next to midline1 lateral Biting, cutting & incising food Canines There is 1 canine in each quadrant Has 1 cusp so called (cuspid) Cutting, tearing & holding food Anterior teeth
- 8. Posterior teeth Premolars ⢠Thereare 2 in each quadrant ⢠1st & 2nd premolars ⢠Mainly have 2 cusps, so sometimes called bicuspid ⢠Tearing, holding & grinding Molars ⢠There are 3 in each quadrant ⢠1st, 2nd, 3rd ⢠The are multicuspid and multirooted ⢠Grinding.
- 10. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 11. 3. Classification ofdentition: There are 2 types of dentition in humans: Permanent dentition Deciduous dentition
- 12. 1. Deciduous dentition: ďśNamedso because they shed like the leaves of deciduous trees in autumn. ďśThey are also called primary, milk, or temporary teeth. ďśThe teeth start to appear at 6 months and continue to erupt till age of 2.5-3 years. ďśThey are 20 in number. 10 in each arch. 5 for each quadrant. ď2 Incisors. ď1Canine. ď2 Deciduous Molars. ďśThese teeth are called (Predecessors)
- 13. 2. Permanent dentition: ďśTheyare also called secondary or adult teeth ďśThey start to erupt at 6 years till nearly 21 years with eruption of permanent 3rd molar (wisdom tooth). ďśThey last for long time and are not replaced. ďśThey are 32 teeth (16 per arch, 8 per quadrant) ďśIn each quadrant: ď2 incisors central and lateral (1,2) ď1 canine (3) ď2 premolars (4, 5) ď3 molars (6,7,8)
- 14. Succedaneous teeth: ďś20 decideousteeth are replaced by 20 permanent teeth. ď 2 D Incisors are replaced by 2 P Incisors ď 1 D Canine is replaced by 1 P Canine ď 2 D Molars are replaced by 2 Premolars ď With growth of dental arch, there is a space for eruption of 3 more teeth in each quadrant. ď The 3 Permanent Molars are considered as non-succedaneous teeth (have no predecessors) M M Succedaneous teeth
- 15. Dentition periods: 1.Primary dentition period: ⢠Only deciduous teeth are present. ⢠Extend from 6 months - to - 6 yrs. ⢠Ends with eruption of first permanent tooth normally mandibular first molar. 2. Mixed dentition period (Transitional phase): ďśBoth deciduous and permanent teeth are present. ďśStarts with eruption of 1st permanent molar at 6 yrs. ďśEnds at 12 yrs with the shedding of last deciduous tooth normally primary maxillary second molar. 3. Permanent dentition period: ⢠Only permanent teeth are present. ⢠Begins at approximately 12 years and continues through the rest of life.
- 17. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 18. 4. Dental formula ďśAnumber and letter designation of the various types of teeth found in a dentition. ďśIt indicates the dentition of only one side of the mouth, but includes both upper and lower Quadrants, so dental formula includes just half of the teeth Deciduous Permanent
- 19. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 20. 5. Numbering systems ďśItis used to serve as abbreviations instead of writing the entire name of a tooth ďśThese symbols will let us know whether the tooth is either ďDeciduous or permanent ďUpper or lower ďRight or left ďThe tooth type Quadrant
- 21. ďśThere are 3numbering systems: A. Palmer notation system. B. International (Two Digit) system. C.Universal numbering system.
- 22. A. Palmer notationsystem: ďThe system used simple bracket to represent the four quadrants of the dentition ďThe permanent teeth are numbered from 1 - 8 on each side starting from midline. ďSo number 1 will be for central incisor. ďwhile 8 will be for 3rd molar.
- 23. A. Palmer notationsystem Permanent teeth: Ex: This symbol denotes upper right canine. Whatâs ? This symbol denotes lower left 2nd premolar. 3 5
- 24. Deciduous teeth: ďśIt startsalso from midline. But for deciduous teeth we give alphabetic letters. ďś From deciduous central incisor A. ending with deciduous second molar E. ďśEach quadrant has only 5 teeth.
- 25. Examples: 6 Permanent upper left1st molar D Deciduous lower right 1st molar 4 Permanent lower left 1st premolar
- 26. B. Two-Digit system(international): ďśWe have 2 numbers ďśThe one on the left is number of quadrant ďśThe other on the right is for the tooth type permanent dentition deciduous dentition Left Right
- 28. Example: 45: permanent lower right2nd premolar. 63: deciduous upper left canine 66 84
- 29. C. Universal system: Permanent: ďśTeeth take numbers from 1-32. ďśStarting from upper right 3rd molar(1) proceeding clockwise, and ending by lower right third molar (32). ďśIt is always preceded by # sign
- 30. Deciduous: ďśThere are 2ways 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 15 14 1312 11 20 19181716 R L #15d deciduous lower left central incisor #O is lower left deciduous central incisor
- 31. Notice the differencebetween two-digit and universal systems:
- 33. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 34. 6. Macro µanatomy:
- 35. Anatomical Crown isthat part of the tooth that is covered by Enamel or outer covering of the tooth. Its up to the cement-enamel junction. Clinical crown is that part of tooth that is visible in the oral cavity.
- 36. Anatomical root portionof root covered by cementum, defined by CEJ. Clinical root: portion of tooth that is not visible in mouth.
- 38. ď Dentin â Thehard tissue, forms the main body of the tooth. ď Enamel â The hardest living body tissue, covers the dentin of the anatomical crown of a tooth. ď Cementum â The layer of hard, bonelike tissue, which covers the dentin of the anatomical root of a tooth. ď Pulp â The living soft tissue, which occupies the pulp cavity of a vital tooth. It contains the tooth's nutrient supply in the form of blood vessels as well as the nerve supply. Micro-anatomy of tooth
- 39. PULP CAVITY: Consistsof: ⢠Pulp canals: Located in the root(s) of tooth called root canal. ⢠Pulp chamber: located mostly in the anatomical crown of the tooth. ⢠Pulp horns: pointed elongation corresponding to incisal or occlusal projections ⢠Apical foramen: is the tooth's natural opening, found at the root's very tipâthat is, the root's apexâwhereby an artery, vein, and nerve enter the tooth
- 40. Supporting structures: 1. Alveolarprocess: bone surrounding and supporting teeth. 2. Periodontal ligament: fibrous attachment between tooth cementum and alveolar bone. 3. Gingiva: (gum) mucous membrane covering alveolar process and surrounding neck of teeth N.B : These 3 tissues + cementum are called periodontium
- 41. What are ourobjectives? 1. Introduction to oral structures 2. Types of teeth 3. Classification of dentitions 4. Dental formula 5. Numbering system 6. Macro & micro anatomy 7. Surfaces of teeth 8. Line and point angles
- 42. 7. Surfaces ofteeth â˘Crowns of anterior teeth have 4 surfaces and edge. â˘While those of posterior surfaces have 5 surfaces 1. Facial (Labial or Buccal) 2. Lingual or palatal 3. Proximal (Mesial or Distal) 4. Masticatory surface (Incisal or occlusal)
- 43. 1. Facial surface labialsurface The outside surface of anterior teeth facing lip Buccal surface The outside surface of posterior teeth facing cheeks (buccinator muscle)
- 44. 2. lingual/ palatalsurface: The inner surface of teeth facing palate (palatal) in maxillary teeth or tongue (lingual) in mandibular teeth .
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- 46. 3. Proximal surfaces ďMesial surface: toward Midline ď Distal surface: Distant from midline
- 47. Incisal edge Biting edgeof anterior teeth Occlusal surface Chewing surface of posterior teeth Masticatory surfaces
- 48. Divisions into Thirds â˘Crowns and roots of teeth have been divided into thirds. ⢠These thirds are named according to the surface close to them. ⢠HORIZONTALY, the crown is divided into an incisal or occlusal third, middle third, and cervical third. ⢠The root is divided into a cervical third, middle third, and apical third. ⢠VERTICALLY, Mesiodistally, the crown is divided into the mesial, middle, and distal thirds. Faciolingually, it is divided into the labial or buccal, middle, and lingual thirds.
- 50. Line and pointangles: ďśLine angle: is the junction between 2 adjacent surfaces and it is named according to the 2 surfaces sharing in its formation. ďśPoint angle: is the junction between 3 adjacent surfaces and it is named according to the 3 surfaces sharing in its formation meeting in a point
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