Introduction to corona viruses

Introduction to corona viruses

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  Introduction to Coronaviruses(SARS, MERS,COVID-19: Hosts, Symptoms & History Part-I Dr. Rashmi Kumari Assistant Professor Department of Zoology College of Commerce, Arts & Science Patliputra University, Patna
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  Introduction Family of RNAviruses in the Nidovirales order Significant viral pathogens in humans and animals Corona: prefix comes from the Latin word for Crown (named for “crown-like” appearance of the virus) Classification: Four categories 1.Alpha 2.Beta 3.Gamma 4.Delta Human coronaviruses are alpha- and beta- coronaviruses Medium sized viruses enveloping a positive- stranded RNA ( 120- to 160-nm) Very large viral RNA genome (27–32 kb) Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Negative stain electron microscopy showing a MERS-CoV particle with club-shaped surface projections surrounding the periphery of the particle, a characteristic feature of coronaviruses. Source: Cynthia Goldsmith/Azaibi Tamin Diagrammatic representation of single stranded RNA coronavirus
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  Introduction to coronaviruses Hosts,Reservoirs and Infected Animals Infect birds and animals Bats are hosts to the largest number of viral genotypes of coronavirus Epidemics can occur when viruses transmit from one species to another Can cause mutations in the envelope protein that allow viruses to bind to cells Human Human coronaviruses are cause of respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections. Estimated to account for 5-10% of all adult respiratory tract infections (common cold to pneumonia to ARDS) GI symptoms include diarrhea When mutations occur, coronaviruses can be significant cause of human epidemics Source: World Health Organization (WHO)
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  Coronaviruses: History ofOutbreaks in the Past & Present Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) – 2002/2003 Guangdong Province of China Betacoronavirus Transmitted from Bats to Civets to Humans Began in February 2003 and outbreak lasted till July 2003 More than 8000 total cases, 774 deaths, fatality rate approx 9.6% Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) - 2012 Saudi Arabia Betacoronavirus Transmitted from camels to humans More than 2400 cases, 858 deaths, fatality approx 34.4% 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) - 2019 Wuhan, Hubei province of China Betacoronavirus Transmitted from snakes?, but more likely from bats? Bats (in Wuhan animal market) Leaked from Wuhan P4 Laboratory of Wuhan Institute of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology
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  References: 1. World HealthOrganisation (WHO) [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus- 2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it]. 2. Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I. et al. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med 26, 450– 452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9. 3. Ji, J.S. Origins of MERS-CoV, and lessons for 2019-nCoV. The Lancet 4, PE93 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30032-2. 4. Google Images