Introduction to cosmetology

“The art and science of
beautifying and improving the
skin, nails, and hair and includes
the study of cosmetics and their
application.”
The term comes from the Greek
word kosmetikos, meaning
skilled in the use of cosmetics.

 Ancient people around the
world used coloring matter
on their hair, skin, and
nails and even tattooing!
 Pigments were made from
berries, tree bark,
minerals, insects, nuts,
herbs, leaves, and other
materials.
 They used animal sinew or
hide to tie their hair back
and adorn their hair.

 The Egyptians Were the first
to use beauty as a means of
luxury.
 1000 AD Persian physician and
alchemist Avicenna
developed the process of
steam distillation to make
essential oils and perfumes.

 Barbers after the 19th
Century quit practicing
minor surgeries and
dentistry and dedicated
into what we see them
performing as barber at
present times.

 Cosmetics are substances used to enhance
the appearance or odor of the human body.
Cosmetics include skin-care creams, lotions,
powders, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail and
toe nail polish, eye and facial makeup.
 Pharmaceuticals or Drugs are the substance
that are intended for use in the diagnosis,
cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of
disease and are ―intended to affect the
structure or any function of the body.
 Cosmeceuticals refers to the mixture of
cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

 “Agents that exert a pharmaceutical
therapeutic benefit but are not classified as
drugs because they do not necessarily exert a
biological benefit.”
 The name is a combination of "cosmetics"
and "pharmaceuticals“, refering to the
substances that exerted both cosmetic and
therapeutic benefits.
 The FD&C Act does not recognize any such
category as "cosmeceuticals."

There are three primary categories of ingredients
in cosmeceuticals that have the capability to
modify the biologic function of the skin,
i. Botanical extracts: These are natural plant-
based ingredients that can contribute to
generate refreshing, aromatic formulas.
 Purpose:
To soothe, hydrate, and balance the skin.
To soothe and calm inflamed or irritated
skin.
 Example: teas, soy, pomegranate, date,
grape seed, horse chestnut, German
chamomile, curcumin, comfrey, allantoin
and aloe.

ii. Retinoids: Retinoids act as antioxidants and
help the skin in its natural processes of
circulation, exfoliation and cellular
regeneration.
 Purpose:
To reverse the signs of aging, reducing
fine lines and wrinkles, tightening and
smoothing the skin surface and
restoring a youthful glow.
 Example: Vitamin A and its derivatives

Hydroxy Acids: They are further classified into two sub-
categories according to their molecular structure: 1) alpha
hydroxy acids (AHAs) and 2) beta hydroxy acids (BHAs).
 Purpose:
 Used as anti-aging skin care ingredients .
 Alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs) diminish fine lines and
wrinkles by helping in reversing the sun damage to
the dermis (the deeper layers of the skin).
 BHA works well as an exfoliant and is helpful in the
treatment of acne and dry skin.
 Example:
 AHA: Glycolic acid, Citric acid, Lactic acid, Malic
acid, Mandelic acid and Tartaric acid
 BHA: salicylic acid

 Safe for long-terms use
 Promote beauty through health and wellness
of skin
 Improve appearance by delivering nutrients
necessary for healthy skin
 Cosmeceuticals products of herbal origin are
most liked among clients as they are mostly
nontoxic and holding strong antioxidant
activity

Introduction to cosmetology

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