Introduction to educational psychology (1)

Introduction to educational psychology (1)

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  EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY By DR .SHAZIA ZAMIR
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  EDUCATION • The termEducation is derived from the Latin word ''educere'' which means to bring up'' ''to raise'' or to nourish'‘ (to draw out the inner qualities of child). • Education is modification of behavior includes physical, social, emotional, moral, intellectual and aesthetic development. • Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits
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  CONT…. • Education isconcerned with aesthetic, cultural, ethical, intellectual, physical, religious, social, spiritual and vocational development of an individual • Human behavior is modified and improved through educational process.
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  PSYCHOLOGY • Derived fromthe Greek words Psyche and logos, meaning soul and study. Psychology is simply a study of the soul • Feldman(2011) defines Psychology as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. • It encompasses the biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that affect how people think, act, and feel.
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  EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY • Educationalpsychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. • The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation, and self-concept, as well as their role in learning.
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  EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY • ”Educationalpsychology is that branch of psychology which deals with teaching and learning and also covers the entire range and behavior of the personality as related to education.” Skinner • “It is the study of those facts and principles of psychology which helps to explains and improves the process of education.” Walter B. Kolesink Why is psychology important in education? • Psychologists working in the field of education study how people learn and retain knowledge. What is the importance of studying psychology? • Psychology helps people in large part because it can explain why people act the way they do. With this kind of professional insight, a psychologist can help people improve their decision making, stress management and behavior based on understanding past behavior to better predict future behavior.
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  Purpose of EducationalPsychology Promote the development of the personality ,talents,mental and physical abilities of children and young people . Educational psychology involves not just the learning process of early childhood and adolescence but includes the social, emotional, and cognitive processes that are involved in learning throughout the entire lifespan.
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  Role of EducationalPsychology in Teaching/Learning • Helps teacher to know that how learning takes place and also informs a teacher about the nature of the learners and their potentialities. • It also tells the various processes of learning, factors affecting learning, methods of effective learning, forms of learning, laws, theories and principles of leaning, personality, techniques of motivation, transfer of learning etc. • Educational psychology examines the behavior of the learner within the classroom, as well as provides teachers with information, principles and important theoretical and practical experiences to understand the way of learning and education, and increase their level and skills. Teachers have to deal with learner. In order to help the child for learning, they must understand the growth and development of the child at different stages of development and understanding of psychology may help them.
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  Role of EducationalPsychology in Teaching/Learning • Psychology suggests use of different methods in teaching learning process to achieve better results. Psychology gives emphasis to motivation and readiness in class room. Psychology has introduced new theories of learning in education. Psychology emphasizes activity – based teaching learning process. • Some of the methods of educational psychology are - self-examination(self- examination), observation, experimental, case study, interview method etc. • Teachers’ expectations about their students affect students’ opportunities to learn, their motivation and their learning outcomes. • Social context, interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being are important to student’s learning. • -----------------------------------------------------
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  Role of EducationalPsychology for Increasing the Teaching Efficiency Psychology suggests use of different methods in teaching learning process to achieve better results. Psychology gives emphasis to motivation and readiness in class room. Psychology has introduced new theories of learning in education. Psychology emphasizes activity – based teaching learning process. Individual difference To know the classroom teaching-learning process  Awareness of effective methods of teaching
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  Topics of Interestin Educational Psychology • Educational Technology • Instructional Design • Teachers Characteristics • Curriculum Development •Intelligence , Learning and Assessment • Gifted Learners and many others
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  Activity • What arethe main concerns of educational psychology? • What are the benefits of studying educational psychology? • Enlist the topics of interest for educational psychologists.
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  Significant Figures inEducational Psychology History • • John Locke: An English philosopher who suggested the concept of tabula rasa, or the idea that the mind is essentially a blank slate at birth that knowledge is then developed through experience and learning. • • William James: An American psychologist who was also known for his series of lectures titled "Talks to Teachers on Psychology," which focused on how teachers could help students learn. • • Alfred Binet: A French psychologist who developed the first intelligence tests.
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  CONT…….. • • JohnDewey: An influential American psychologist and educational reformer who wrote extensively about progressive education and the importance of learning through doing. • • Jean Piaget: A Swiss psychologist who is best-known for his highly influential theory of cognitive development. • • B.F. Skinner: An American behaviorist who introduced the concept of operational conditioning. His research on reinforcement and punishment continue to play an important role in education today. • Thorndike :Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist developed the first three laws of learning: readiness, exercise, and effect. He set also the law of effect which means that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be avoided. • --------------------------------------------------------------------