Introduction to herbal industries

Introduction to herbal industries

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  INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL INDUSTRIES MohiniUpadhye Department of Pharmacognosy PES Modern College of Pharmacy (For Ladies), Moshi, Pune
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  INTRODUCTION  Demand forthe development of plant based medicines, health care products, cosmetics,  food supplements and pharmaceuticals is increasing day by day. The causes behind this are: - Natural products are non-toxic. - have less side effects - easily available at affordable prices  About 80% of world population cant afford products of western p’ceutical industries,thus  WHO currently encourages, recommends and promotes inclusion of herbal drug in national healthcare programme.
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   Leading companiesof herbal drugs are located in- Germany, France,Italy,Switzerland,China and India.  India is one of the top twelve mega – biodiversity centers of world and since from 5 thousands year supplying medicinal and fragrant material to western civilization in Greece and Rome.  India is major supplier of sandal wood oil and lemon grass oil.
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  CLASSIFICATION OF HERBALINDUSTRIES Plant drugs for Indian Essential Natural oil industries health products system Of medicine Cosmeceutical OTC products - plant material s - extracts and galenicals
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  Industries of plantdrugs for indian system of medicine  Traditional systems – Ayurveda,Unani and Tibbi  Herbal industry utilises about 8000 medicinal plants. Some examples are as follows:- 1. Aloe-vera –Aloes-leaf 2. Bacopa monneiri- Brahmi-whole part 3. Cedrus deodara- Deodar-heart wood 4. Crocus sativus- Kesar-stigma 5. Eclipta alba- Bhringraj-aerial parts 6. Tinospora cordifolia miers-Guduchi- stem 7. Phyllanthus emblica- Amla-fruit
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   Some otherfrequently used plants are:- Amla-Emblica officinalis, Pipali-Terminalia chebula,Vasaka-Adathoda vasica, Ashwagandha- Withania somnifera Herbal medicines-finished,labelled ,medicinal Products they contain active ingredient as plant material in crude state or as plant preparation. plant material – juices, gums,fatty oils, essential oils.
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  Non prescription products(OTC)  Direct utilization of plant material.  Herbal formulations on health shops like – Decoctions, tincture, galenicals and extracts.  The current trend of industries is to procure standardized extract of plant as raw materials for which they are trying to establish their own research and development unit as per guidelines issued by WHO.
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  Essential oil industry Essential oils from plants being produced in india are more than 500 tones and accounts for 90%of world production.  Medicinal plants from which essential oils are produced on large scale are:- Celery oil,citronella,cedarwood,eucalyptus,mentha species,rose oil,jasmine,sandalwood.  Well established oil industries –turpentine oil and resin from pines,mentha oil from Mentha arvensis ,eucalyptus oil from E.globulus, lemon oil from orange,limonene from lemon pill.
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  Phytopharmaceuticals  Examples:- Morphine,codeine,papaverine,thebaine, emetine,reserpine,quinine,caffeine,vincristine, vinblastine,brucine,strychnine.  largescale production- ajmaline and ajmalicine from Rauwolfia serpentina and Catharanthus roseus, 18 B- glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra.  National chemical lab(pune)-vincristine and vinblastine.  CIPLA- VCR and VLB
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  Natural health products Health food-food products supplemented with vitamines, minerals,nutrients or ingredients isolated from plants.  Neutraceuticals- health food that have medical and health benefit for prevention and treatment of diseases.  Main constituents are herbal and related extracts,vit, minerals and nutrients, antioxidants like vit.A, C, E , carotenoids.  Glaxo,Dabur,Himalayan,Zandu,Allen laboratories.
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  Herbal cosmetics  Containsphytoconstituents in extracts form or purified form such as-  vitamins,antioxidants,emollient oils rich in vit.A and E.  More demand- aloe extract, plant acid essential oils.  Botanical extracts are- Chamomile-Matricaria chamomalia-dry extract,Marigold(Calendula officinalis)-dry extract,Pumpkin seed(Cuccurbita pepo)-lipophilic extract,Gingko( Gingko biloba)
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   Indian medicinalplant industries faces problems, the causes are:- - Absence of well defined guidelines - strategies for promotion of cultivation and post harvest marketing - standardization and marketing.
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  Medicinal plants towhich special attention is required for research:- I. Acorus calamns-Tranquillizer II. Albizia leback-Immunomodulator III. Boswellia serrata-Antihepatotoxicity IV. Phyllanthus amarus V. Withania somnifera-adaptogen VI. Centella asiatica-Brain tonic
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  Technology sources ofsome medicinal plants in india • RRL-Jmu: Regional Research Laboratory,council of Scientific and Industrial Research,Jammu - Dioscorea composita: Diosgenin - Claviceps purpurea: Ergot alkaloids • CIAMP-Lkw- Central Institute of medicinal and aromatic plants,CSIR,Lucknow - Catharanthus roseus: Vinca alkaloid, - Atropa acuminata: Atropine • NBRI-Lkw- National Botanical Research Institute,CSIR, Lucknow. -Matricaria recutita:Chamomile oil
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  Indian herbal Industries DaburIndia Ltd. is India's largest Ayurvedic medicine supplier and the fourth largest producer of FMCG. It was established in 1884.Last year, about 15% of sales volume was pharmaceuticals, the remaining 85% were mostly non- medicine items such as foods and cosmetics. Dabur's Ayurvedic Specialities Division has over 260 medicines for treating a range of ailments and body conditions-from common cold to chronic paralysis. Dabur Chyawanprash (herbal honey) has a market share of 70% and chewable Hajmola Digestive Tablets has an 88% share. Other major products are Dabur Amla Hair Oil, Vatika (Shampoo), and Lal Dant Manjan (Tooth Powder).
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  Sri Baidyanath AyurvedicBhawan Ltd. (Baidyanath for short) was founded in 1917 in Calcutta, and specializes in Ayurvedic medicines, though it has recently expanded into the FMCG sector with cosmetic and hair care products; one of its international products is Shikakai (soap pod) Shampoo.The company reports having over 700 Ayurvedic products, made at 10 manufacturing centers, with 1,600 employees. Included items are herbal teas, patent medicines, massage oils, and chyawanprash.
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  The Himalaya DrugCompany was established in 1934 in Bangalore. It has a U.S. distribution division (Himalaya USA). It is known in the U.S. for the product Liv-52, marketed as a liver protector and therapy for liver diseases like viral hepatitis; the product was first marketed in India in 1955. Vicco Laboratories was established in 1958. It mainly produces topical therapies based on Ayurveda and is best known internationally for its toothpaste product, Vajradanti, which has been marketed in the U.S. for more than 25 years.