Introduction to ideas - A complete insight ( A full semester course)

Introduction to ideas - A complete insight ( A full semester course)

• 1.
  Introduction To Ideas AFIAKHALID
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  THINKING PATTERNS (Theoriesof creative thinking) DIVERGENT THINKING CONVERGENT THINKING Think around or away from the problem Think around or into the problem Discontinuity/ break Continuity “Dig another hole” “ Dig a deeper hole” Spontaneous, informal, random Systematic, formal and focused Remove constraints Work within constraints Sub- conscious processes Conscious processes
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  Areas of creativityin organizations • A. Product • 1. Product features – how good is the quality and functionality of your • product? • 2. Product systems – how can your product be related conceptually with • other internal and external products and services? • 3. Product services – what services are your customers being offered in • relation to the product and how? • B. Process • 4. Core processes – how are internal value-creation processes established • on a mechanical and resource-oriented level? • 5. External processes – how are external production frameworks and logistics • processes administrated?
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  • C. Marketing •6. Business models – how does your organization make money? • 7. Brand names – how does your organization manage communication? • 8. Sales channels – how does your product reach the customers? • D. Organization • 9. Networks – how is your organization and its value chain structured? • E. Experience • 10. Customer experience – how is value added or increased in the form • of product experience?
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  The Idea Process
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  Company’s Market Responses N e w n e s s T o C o m p a n y lowNewness to market high
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  Consumer’s Reaction toNew Ideas
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  Idea Profiles &Traits PROFILES TRAITS (i) Incubate (Long-term Development) (ii) Imagine (Breakthrough Ideas) (iii) Improve (Incremental Adjustments) (iv) Invest (Short-term Goals) (i) "Idea Generation" (Fluency, Originality, Incubation and Illumination) (ii) "Personality" (Curiosity and Tolerance for Ambiguity) (iii) "Motivation" (Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Achievement) (iv) "Confidence" (Producing, Sharing and Implementing)
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  Characteristics of CreativePersonality • Creative individuals have a great deal of energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest. • Creative individuals tend to be smart, yet also naive at the same time. • Creative individuals have a combination of playfulness and discipline, or responsibility and irresponsibility. • Creative individuals alternate between imagination and fantasy ant one end, and rooted sense of reality at the other. • Creative people seem to harbor opposite tendencies on the continuum between extroversion and introversion. • Creative individuals are also remarkable humble and proud at the same time. • Creative individuals to a certain extent escape rigid gender role stereotyping and have a tendency toward androgyny. • Generally, creative people are thought to be rebellious and independent. • Most creative persons are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well. • The openness and sensitivity of creative individuals often exposes them to suffering pain yet also a great deal of enjoyment.
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  `Genius and Newideas Ordinary Thinking Special kind of thinking Memory, expertise and craft Spontaneity, breaking set Continuity (history, experience, tradition) Determinism by personality traits Environmental factors Consistent level of achievement Inconsistency, peaks and troughs Absolute value judgments Relative value judgments Genius in the person Genius in the work “aha” moments Revision and modification Individualism, self reliance Interaction, mutual dependency
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  Thinking techniques andmodels Afia Khalid
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  • Brain storming •Mind Mapping • Motivation theories
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  Brain storming • Brainstormingis a group creativity technique by which a group tries to find a solution for a specific problem by amassing a list of ideas spontaneously contributed its members. • Osborn Method 1939 – 1. Focus on quantity – 2. With hold criticism – 3. Welcome unusual ideas – 4. combine and improve ideas
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  • Criticism • Sourcesof inadequacy – Free Riding – Blocking (suppression) – Evaluation Apprehension • Variations – Nominal group technique – Group passing technique – Team idea mapping – Electronic BS – Question BS
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  Mind mapping • Amind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks, or other items linked to and arranged around a central key word or idea. Mind maps are used to generate, visualize, structure, and classify ideas, and as an aid to studying and organizing information, solving problems, making decisions, and writing. • Mind maps are, by definition, a graphical method of taking notes. • Their visual basis helps one to distinguish words or ideas, often with colors and symbols. • They generally take a hierarchical or tree branch format, with ideas branching into their subsections. • Mind maps allow for greater creativity when recording ideas and information, as well as allowing the note-taker to associate words with visual representations. • Mind maps differ from concept maps in that mind maps focus on only one word or idea, whereas concept maps connect multiple words or ideas.
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  uses • problem solving •outline/framework design • anonymous collaboration • marriage of words and visuals • individual expression of creativity • condensing material into a concise and memorable format • team building or synergy creating activity • enhancing work morale CHARACTERISTICS – The main idea, subject or focus is crystallized in a central image. – The main themes radiate from the central image as 'branches'. – The branches comprise a key image or key word drawn or printed on its associated line. – Topics of lesser importance are represented as 'twigs' of the relevant branch. – The branches form a connected nodal structure.
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  Motivation Theories • AcquiredNeeds Theory: we seek power, achievement or affiliation. • Activation Theory: We have a need for arousal. • Affect Perseverance: Preference persists after disconfirmation. • Attitude-Behavior Consistency: factors that align attitude and behavior. • Attribution Theory: we need to attribute cause, that supports our ego. • Cognitive Dissonance: non-alignment is uncomfortable. • Cognitive Evalution Theory: we select tasks based on how doable they are. • Consistency Theory: we seek the comfort of internal alignment. • Control Theory: we seek to control the world around us. • Disconfirmation bias: Agreeing with what supports beliefs and vice versa. • Drive Theory: We seek to satisfy needs. • Endowed Progress Effect: Progress is motivating. • ERG Theory: We seek to fulfill needs of existence, relatedness and growth. • Escape Theory: We seek to escape uncomfortable realities. • Expectancy Theory: We are motivated by desirable things we expect we can achieve. • Extrinsic Motivation: external: tangible rewards. • Goal-Setting Theory: different types of goals motivate us differently. • Intrinsic Motivation: internal: value-based rewards. • Investment Model: our commitment depends on what we have invested. • Opponent-Process Theory: opposite emotions interact. • Positive Psychology: What makes us happy. • Reactance Theory: discomfort when freedom is threatened. • Self-Determination Theory: External and internal motivation. • Self-Discrepancy Theory: we need beliefs to be consistent. • Side Bet Theory: aligned side-bets increase commitment to a main bet. • The Trans-theoretical Model of Change: Stages in changing oneself.
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  Intrinsic Motivation and16 desires theory • Acceptance, the need for approval • Curiosity, the need to learn • Eating, the need for food • Family, the need to raise children • Honor, the need to be loyal to the traditional values of one's clan/ethnic group • Idealism, the need for social justice • Independence, the need for individuality • Order, the need for organized, stable, predictable environments • Physical activity, the need for exercise • Power, the need for influence of will • Romance, the need for sex • Saving, the need to collect • Social contact, the need for friends (peer relationships) • Status, the need for social standing/importance • Tranquility, the need to be safe • Vengeance, the need to strike back/to win
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  How to stopgreat ideas • "Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?" - H.M. Warner, Warner Brothers, 1927. • "We don't like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out." - Decca Recording Co. rejecting the Beatles, 1962. • "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." - Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 • "640K ought to be enough for anybody." - Bill Gates, 1981 • "This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us." - Western Union internal memo, 1876. • "The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?" - David Sarnoff's associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s. • "I have traveled the length and breadth of this country and talked with the best people, and I can assure you that data processing is a fad that won't last out the year." - The editor in charge of business books for Prentice Hall, 1957 • "But what ... is it good for?" - Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip. • "Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons." - Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science, 1949 • "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." - Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977.