Introduction to Mechatronics

INTRODUCTION
 1969 -The ‘mechatronics’ word introduced by Tessturo
Mori. E was a senior engineer of Japanese company
Yaskawa Electric Corporation.
 1971 – the company was granted the trademark rights
on the word.
 1970- 80- mostly the servo technology is used in
mechatronics
 1981-90-IT introduced. Microprocessors were
embedded in Mechanical system.

 1991 -2000 – Communication technology was added.
Remote operation and robotics were developed .
 1996 – 1st journal IEEE on mechatronics was released.
 After 2000, finds application in aerospace, defence, bio-
mechanics, automotive electronics, banking(ATM) etc.,

DEFINITION
 Mechatronics is “ the synergistic integration
of mechanics and mechanical
engineering, Electronics, computer
technology, and IT to produce or enhance
products and system”
 MECHA- Mechanism
 TRONICS - Electronics

Graphical representation of
mechatronics

Elements of mechatronics system
Actuators and
sensors
Signals and
conditioning
Digital logic
systems
Software and data
acquisition systems
Computers and
display devices

 Actuators and sensors
 Actuators – pneumatic & Hydraulic actuator,
electromechanical actuators, electrical motor such as DC
motor, AC motor, stepper motor, servo motor & piezo
electric actuators
 Sensors – linear and rotational sensor, acceleration
sensor, force, torque and pressure sensor, temperature
sensor, proximity sensors, light sensors
 Signals and conditioning
 Two types: input and output
 Input signal conditioning devices: discrete circuits,
amplifiers, analog to digital(A/D) convertors, Digital to
Analog (D/A) convertors.
 Output signal conditioning devices: amplifiers, Digital to
Analog (D/A) convertors, display decoders (DD)

 Digital logic systems
 Logic circuits, micro controllers, programmable logic
controllers(PLC), sequencing and timing controls, control
algorithm.
 Software and data acquisition systems
 Data logger, computer with plug in boards
 Computers and display devices
 LED, CRT, LCD, digital displays etc.,

Examples of mechatronics systems
 NC and CNC machine tools, flexible manufacturing
system, Prototyping & robots
 Photo copiers, laser printers & fax machines
 Automatic washing machines automatic ovens, modern
sewing machine
 Automatic teller machine (ATM)
 Coin counter
 Automatic/digital camera, digital watch
 CT scan system, automatic blood testing equipment
 Automatic sliding door

Advantages of Mechatronics systems
 Cost effective and good quality products
 High degree of flexibility to modify or redesign
 Very good performance characteristics
 Wide area of applications
 Greater productivity in case of manufacturing organization
 Possibility or remote controlling as well as centralized
monitoring and control
 Greater extend of machine utilization

Disadvantages of Mechatronics systems
 High initial cost
 Multi-disciplinary engineering background required to
design and implementation
 Need of highly trained workers
 Complexity in identification and correction of problem
in the system

TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEM
Open loop control system
Closed loop or feedback control system

Open loop control system
 Open loop system are systems in which the output of
a system is not used as a variable to control the
system.

Element of open loop control systems
Bread toaster (open loop ) control system
Amplifier is a device amplifies the low level signal to the controller
EXAMPLE OF OPEN LOOP:

ADVANTAGES
 Its simple and cost effective construction
 Easy maintenance, because no complex circuits.
 Good stability
 Good reliability
 Response quickly
 No Calibration is involved
 More convinent

DIS-ADVANTAGES
 It is Less accuruate
 Presence of non-linearity causes malfunctining
 Slow because of manual control
 Optimisation control is not possible
 System affected by internal and external disturbance

Closed loop control system
 Closed loop system uses on a feed back loop to control
the operation of the system.

Room heating (Closed loop) control system
EXAMPLE OF CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM:
ROOM HEATING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES AND DIS ADVANTAGES
 Appropriate sensor,
greater stability.
 Better repetability.
 Task faster than open
loop.
 Good reliability.
 Closed loop complicated
in construction.
 Cost is higher.
 Sometimes closed loop
system is unstable.

Open loop system
 It does not uses feedback
 It is less accurate
 It is simple in
construction
 Presence of non-linearity
causes malfunctioning
 The response is slow
because manual control
 Easy maintenance
because of no complex
electronic circuit
 Cost is less
 Closed loop system
 It uses feedback system
 It is more accurate
 It is complicated in
construction
 It perform accurately
even in presence of non-
linearity
 It perform task faster
than open loop
 It is difficult to maintain
and repair
 Cost is more

Measurement system
Liquid level measurement system
Example of measurement system: Digital liquid level measuring system.

Cooling level control system
Steering control system of an automobile
CONTROL SYSTEMS

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
 A control system refers to a group of physical
component connected or related in such a
manner as to command direct or regulate
itself or another system.

Temperature and blood pressure control
system of human body

Automatic tank level control system

SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEM
 A sequential control involve sequential execution of
well defined operations.( particular order)
 Each operation or activity called step.

EXAMPLE: The working of
modern automatic washing
machine
 Step 1 : pre-wash cycle
 Step 2: main wash cycle
 Step 3: rinse (WATER DIP) cycle
 Step 4: spin cycle

 1) PRE WASH CYCLE:
 Electrically operated valve opens to allow cold water to fill
in drum
 Level sensor is check the required water
 Water level reaches , sensor signal to micro controller to
switch off the water supply
 Washing takes place.
 2) MAIN WASH CYCLE:
 Once again the pre wash cycle takes place to fill the water
 After filling the water Micro processor activates the switch
to electric heater to heat the water in the main wash.
 Temperature sensor is used to measure the required heat.
 Motor drum finally comes to a slow speed and switched off

 3) RINSE CYCLE:
 Main wash completed, microprocessor output to the rinse cycle
and allow to fill cold water
 Drum motor is rotated the drum and drain pump is operate to
drain the water.
 4) SPIN CYCLE:
 Micro processor switches on the drum motor and it is signal to
rotate the drum higher speed than the Rinse cycle.

Block diagram of automatic washing machine system

EXAMPLE OF MICRO PROCESSOR CONTROL SYSTEM
 AUTOMATIC FILM CAMERA:
 Automatic flim camera features of automatic
focusing and exposure
 Basic elements of the micro processor based
control.

Elements of control system for an automatic camera

Concept of mechatronics approach

Emerging(growth) area of mechatronics
 Machine vision
 Automation and robotics
 Development of unmanned vehicles
 Design of subsystem for automotive engineering
 Sensing and control system
 Operation and maintenance of CNC machine
 Expert system and artificial intelligence
 Industrial electronics and consumer products
 Medical mechatronics and medical imaging systems
 Micro/nano mechatronics
 Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) system

Need for mechatronics
1. Dynamic market conditions
CHANGING THE COMPONENTS RESPECT TO
MARKET STITUATIONS)
2. Producing next generation products
Advanced technology from wired to wireless
3. Integration of modern technologies in products
New technolgies are integrated with new one ( Tractor- with
gps, radar,etc,.)
4. Variety in product ranges
Variations in shape size, colour, peformance,based on
customer likes and dislikes

5. Batch production runs
Batch production in a industry producing products
6. Change in design perspective
inter discliplinary problems ( If the problem arises in
mechanical , the electrical engineers are available??)
In the mechatronics we are having all the fields
7. Product quality and consistency
maintaining and product quality, and producing
consistently
8. Ease of reconfiguration of the process
Flexibility takes place in the mechatronics system
9. Demand for increased flexibility
Due to flexibility CNC, FMS , AGV are the advanced
applications of mechatronics

Classification of Mechatronics

CLASSIFICATION OF
MECHATRONICS SYSTEM
 Based on the technology incorporated and product features
classified In to four categories:
 CLASS-I
 Primary mechanical products with electronics
 NC machines
 CLASS-II
 Tradational mechanical system updated with internal devices
with electronics
 Modern sewing machine
 CLASS-III
 Mechanical system , but internal mechanical system replaced
by electronics
 Digital watch, Automatic camera

 CLASS-IV
 Products are designed with mechanical and electrical
technology through synergistic combination
 Photo copiers, Intelligent washers and dryers, automatic
ovens

Introduction to Mechatronics

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