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Introduction to Medical Biochemistry
This document provides an outline for a lecture on biomolecules and medical biochemistry. It introduces topics like chemical nomenclature, biomolecules like carbohydrates and lipids, and cellular structures. Major causes of disease are discussed. The document also summarizes the human genome project and its findings. Predictions are made for advances in molecular medicine and genomics over the next 40 years, including personalized gene-based treatments and lifespan extension.
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Introduction to Medical Biochemistry
- 1. Introduction, Review of Biomolecules Lecture1, Medical Biochemistry
- 2. Lecture 1 Outline ā¢Review some basic chemical nomenclature and concepts ā¢ Review the structural and functional features of different biomolecules ā¢ Discuss the human genome project and the future of molecular medicine
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- 6. Terms/Concepts to Review ā¢Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity ā¢ Aromatic and aliphatic ā¢ Ionic, or electrostatic, interactions ā¢ Hydrogen bonds ā¢ van der Waals interactions ā¢ Covalent bonds
- 7. Major Causes ofDisease (from Table 1.1 in text) ā¢ Physical Agents: mechanical trauma, temperature extremes, radiation, electric shock ā¢ Chemical Agents: toxic compounds, drugs ā¢ Biologic Agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, biochemistry professors ā¢ Genetic Disease ā¢ Oxygen Lack: loss of blood, decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, mitochondrial poisoning
- 8. Disease Causes (cont.) ā¢Immunologic Reactions: anaphylaxis, autoimmune disorders ā¢ Nutritional Imbalances: deficiencies, excesses ā¢ Endocrine Imbalances: hormonal deficiencies/excesses
- 9. Two-Way Street: Medicineand Biochemistry
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- 13. Fatty Acids Saturated andUnsaturated
- 14. Which Compound Wouldbe Found in a Membrane?
- 15. Nucleic Acids: Componentsof RNA and DNA
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- 19. Levels of ProteinStructure
- 20. Human Genome Project ā¢A rough draft is complete, >90% sequenced ā¢ Represents approximately 75,000 human genes (estimated range: 30,000 to 120,000) ā¢ Based on the DNA from six individuals; thus provides little information regarding genetic diversity within the population ā¢ Estimated that 95% of our DNA content is not important; represents evolutionary ābaggageā ā¢ Highlights the need for continued sequencing of genomes from other organisms to identify essential genes and their functions
- 21. Proteomics ā¢ Proteomics āthe study of how all proteins interact with each other in a cell ā¢ Estimate 50,000 to 2,000,000 human proteins ā¢ The amino acid sequence of a protein can be determined from the gene sequence, but in most cases, this cannot be used to predict overall 3D- structure or function; usually this is done by X- ray crystallography ā¢ Only about 1% of proteins have had their 3D structures determined
- 22. The Next 40years in Medicine ā¢ Predictions made by Francis Collins M.D./Ph.D., director of the National Human Genome Research Institute
- 23. Predictions - 2010 ā¢Primary care providers will practice genetic medicine ā¢ Preimplantation diagnoses of fertilized embryos will be widely available ā¢ Gene therapy will be routinely used for a few conditions
- 24. Predictions - 2020 ā¢Gene-based designer drugs will be marketed for some diseases ā¢ Cancer therapies will target the molecular fingerprint of each tumor type ā¢ Drug susceptibility will be determined before a prescription is written ā¢ Genomic intervention via homologous recombination will be used to insert genes without interfering with neighboring genes
- 25. Predictions - 2030 ā¢Human aging genes will be fully catalogued; clinical trials designed to increase life span will be initiated ā¢ Computer models of human cells will be available for research ā¢ Complete genome sequencing will cost less than $1,000 per person
- 26. Predictions - 2040 ā¢Comprehensive genomics-based healthcare will be standard. ā¢ Individualized preventive treatments will be available and effective. ā¢ Gene therapies and gene-based drug therapies will be available for most diseases. ā¢ Newborn testing for disease pre-disposition in adulthood will be feasible. ā¢ The average lifespan will reach 90 yrs.