Uploaded byGaurav Singh Rajput
Introduction To Piping Engineering | Gaurav Singh Rajput
The document provides an overview of piping engineering, detailing its functions, team structure, plant layout considerations, pipe fittings and valve classifications, and stress analysis requirements. It highlights the design principles necessary for creating effective piping systems that ensure safety and efficiency, including material selection and support requirements. Additionally, it outlines the importance of stress analysis and proper installation of components to prevent failures and maintain functionality throughout a plant's operational life.
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Introduction To Piping Engineering | Gaurav Singh Rajput
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- 2. • FUNCTION OFPIPING ENGINEERING • PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM • PLANT LAYOUT • LAYOUT • PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION • VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION • PIPE ROUTING • STRESS ANALYSIS • OBJECTIVE • REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM • TYPE OF SUPPORTS • FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS • MATERIAL ENGINEERING • BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION • MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM • MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
- 3. Piping Project Execution Group -Project Leading - Equipment Layout & Pipe Routing - Material Take Off Material Engineering Group - Piping Material Spec - Requisition - Technical Bid Evaluation Stress Analysis Group - Static Analysis - Dynamic Analysis - Composite Analysis
- 4. THIS MUST BEFULFILLED AT THE MINIMUM DESIGN COST WITHOUT SACRIFICING THE QUALITY AND DESIRED FUNCTION, THE PIPING SYSTEM WILL OPERATE WITHOUT PHYSICAL FAILURE OR EXCESSIVE PRESSURE LOSSES FOR THE ENTIRE SPAN OF DESIGNED PLANT LIFE. THE FUNCTION OF THE PIPING ENGINEERING IS TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE OF FLUID FLOW, STRESS ANALYSIS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES, ENGINEERING JUDGEMENT AND CONVERT THE PROCESS ENGINEER’S SPECIFICATION INTO DRAWINGS AND DATA FROM WHICH MATERIALS CAN BE PURCHASED, FABRICATED AND ASSEMBLED INTO PIPING SYSTEMS WHICH FULFIL THE REQUIREMENT OF THE PROCESS. FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
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- 6. Plant Layout A Processplant, which consist of the various different sections such as raw material storage, intermediate and finished product storage, process units, control rooms, Flare system, Raw material loading and uploading facilities, utilities generation and distribution etc. should be arranged so as to follow the general route of the raw material to process, to Intermediate/Finished product storage, to dispatch. Generally block concept is prevalent for the plant layout where in the entire plot area is divided into blocks. The size of the blocks depends upon the facilities to be accommodated. Following points are to be considered while locating the blocks . • Process unit block shall be centrally located with straight approach from the main gate. • The blocks shall be so arranged considering the prevalent wind direction that flammable gases should not be carried by the wind on to source of ignition. • Utility blocks shall be located adjacent to unit blocks. • Flare shall be located upwind of process units so that the inflammable gas from plant is not carried towards flare. • Equipment requiring frequent maintenance shall have easy accessibility.
- 7. Coupling Full Coupling Half Coupling Reducing Coupling Reducers Concentric Reducer Eccentric Reducer Bends Tees 45 Degree Elbow 90Degree Equal Tee Elbow Reducing Tee Short Radius Long Radius Elbow Elbow Caps Unions Spl. Fittings (Olets) Weldolet Sockolet Elbolet Nippolet Pipe Fittings Classification Socket Weld Screwed Butt Weld
- 8. VALVES ON/OFF REGULATION NON-RETURNSPECIAL GATE GLOBE CHECK MULTI-PORT BALL NEEDLE FLUSH BOTTOM PLUG BUTTERFLY FLOAT PISTON DIAPHRAGM FOOT DIAPHRAGM PISTON LINE BLIND BUTTERFLY PINCH PINCH VALVE VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
- 9. In any plantvarious fluids flow through pipes from one end to other. Now let us start with a plant where we see three tanks. Tank-1, Tank-2 and Tank-3 We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 to the other two tanks. We will need to connect pipes to transfer the fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3 LET US BRING THE PIPES. This is the plane white sheet we start with Let us start drawing a simple piping system
- 10. We need some branch connections Weneed some bend connections We need some bend connections To solve these problems we need the pipe components, which are called PIPE FITTINGS We have just brought the pipes, now we need to solve some more problems. Pipes are all straight pieces. We need some branch connections
- 11. These are thepipe fittings, There are various types of fittings for various purposes, some common types are - Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches, Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc. Anyway, the pipes and fittings are in place, but the ends are yet to be joined with the Tank nozzles. We now have to complete the end connections. These, in piping term, we call TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.
- 12. These are flanged joints Sofar this is a nice arrangement. But there is no control over the flow from Tank-1 to other tanks. We need some arrangement to stop the flow if needed To control the flow in a pipe line we need to fit a special component. That is called - VALVE This is a welded joint
- 13. There are manytypes of valves, categorized based on their construction and functionality, Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, Butterfly, etc. Other than valves another important line component of pipe line is a filter, which cleans out derbies from the flowing fluid. This is called a STRAINER
- 14. If this tank nozzleexpands, when the tank is hot. Here we see a more or less functional piping system, with valves and strainer installed. Let us now investigate some aspects of pipe flexibility. In such case we need to fit a flexible pipe component at that location, which is called an EXPANSION JOINT
- 15. When some fluidis flowing in a pipe we may also like know the parameters like, pressure, temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid. To know these information we need to install INSTRUMENTS in the pipeline.
- 16. Next we shall lookinto how to SUPPORT the pipe/and it’s components. There are various types instruments to measure various parameters. Also there are specific criteria for installation of various pipe line instruments.
- 17. Here are someof the pipe supporting arrangements. There can be numerous variants. All depend on piping designer’s preference and judgement. Let us see some OTHER types of supports
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- 21. Objective Pipe stress analysisprovides the necessary techniques for engineers to design piping systems without overstressing and overloading the piping components & connected equipment. The objective of stress analysis can be listed as follows: A) To limit the stresses in the piping system to the limiting value. B) To limit the deflection in the piping system to the limiting value. C) To limit the loads on nozzles of connected equipment. D) To limit the loads on supports. E) To check for leakage at flange joints. F) Unintentional disengagement of pipes from supports. G) Excessive displacement .
- 22. Requirements of supportsin piping system are: • To carry the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves with / without insulation, with operating / test fluid. • To provide adequate stiffness to the piping against external loads such as wind load, ice, snow, seismic load etc. • To avoid overstressing of the piping material. • To avoid of sagging of pipe which creates draining problem. • To control the thermal expansion / contraction in desired manner • To withstand and dampen vibration produced by connected equipment such as pump, compressor etc.
- 23. LOADS ON PIPING LOADING STATICDYNAMIC PRESSURE TEMPERATURE WEIGHT FRICTION RANDOM HARMONIC IMPULSE INTERNAL RESTRAINT DEAD WIND EQUIPMENT VIBRATION RELIEF VALVE EXTERNAL DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH PIPE INS-MAT EARTH QUAKE PULSATION FLUID HAMMER LIVE ACCOUSTIC SLUG FLOW OPERATING SNOW
- 24. STEPS IN STRESSANALYSIS
- 25. Type of Supports Supports Hanger/ Support To sustain the dead weight of the piping system. Types • Rigid Hanger • Spring Hanger • Variable • Constant • Shoes • Trunnions Restraint To restrict the movement due to thermal / dynamic loading Types • Anchor • Guide • Directional Anchor • U Clamps • Struts Vibration Absorbers To restrict the movement due to vibration caused by wind, earthquake, fluid flow. Types • Snubbers • Sway Brace • Hold down
- 26. Familiarization with Stresssymbols Rest Axial stop/Directional Stop Anchor Rest Spring Hanger Y Resting and Guide Z X Global Co-ordinate System
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- 28. Basis For MaterialsSelection Materials of construction are selected and corrosion allowances are determined on the basis of anticipated corrosion or material degradation under the most severe combination of process variables (e.g., stream composition, velocity, temperature and pressure) resulting in sustained maximum normal operating conditions. Appropriate temperature and pressure margins should be added to the sustained maximum normal operating conditions to determine the design conditions upon which the high temperature mechanical design is based. Typically, these margins are up to +50F (28C) above operating temperature and up to +10% of the operating pressure (up to a maximum of 50 psi (0.35 MPa)).
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