IoT and M2M Safety and Security
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This document discusses data centric safety and security for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). It highlights how the IIoT will be disruptive and transform industries. The real value of the IIoT is a common architecture that connects sensors to the cloud, allows for interoperability between vendors, and spans multiple industries. The document discusses the role of Real-Time Innovations (RTI) and their data distribution service (DDS) standard in developing a common architecture for the IIoT. It also outlines RTI's experience with over $1 trillion in IIoT designs and involvement in several standards and consortium efforts.
IoT and M2M Safety and Security
- 1. Data Centric Safety & Security for the Industrial IoT Stan Schneider, RTI CEO IIC Steering Committee Member
- 2. The smart machine era will be the most disruptive in the history of IT -- Gartner 2015 ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 3. The IIoT Disruption ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. The real value is a common architecture that connects sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and spans industries Common technology that spans industries brings bold new approaches and enables fast change
- 4. 200+ companies strong Goal: build and prove a common architecture that spans sensor to cloud, interoperates between vendors, and works across industries
- 5. 200+ Companies, 27 Countries
- 6. RTI’s Role in the IIC Connectivity Safety TeamArchitecture Team Distr Data Mgmt & Interoperabilty Use Cases Team IIC Steering Committee IIC Staff Legal Working Group Marketing Working Group Membership Working Group Security Working Group Technology Working Group Testbeds Working Group Liaisons Team
- 7. RTI’s Experience • Over $1T of IIoT designs – Healthcare – Transportation – Communications – Energy – Industrial – Defense • 15+ Standards & Consortia Efforts – Interoperability – Multi-vendor ecosystems ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 8. RTI Named Most Influential IIoT Company ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 9. DDS is Different! Point-to-Point TCP Sockets Publish/Subscribe JMS Fieldbus CANbus Queuing AMQP Active MQ Client/Server MQTT REST XMPP OPC CORBA Brokered Daemon Data-Centric DDS Shared Data Model DataBus ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 10. Data Centricity Directly Controls Flow • Global Data Space – Automatic discovery – Read & write data in any OS, language, transport – Type Aware – Redundant sources/sinks/nets • No Servers! • QoS control – Timing, Reliability, Redundancy, Ordering, Filtering, Security ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Shared Global Data Space DDS DataBus Patient Hx Device Identity Devices SupervisoryCDS Physiologic State NursingStation Clou d Offer: Write this 1000x/sec Reliable for 10 secs Request: Read this 10x/sec If patient = “Joe”
- 11. Why Choose DDS? • Reliability: Severe consequences if offline for 5 minutes? • Performance/scale: – Measure in ms or µs? – Or scale > 20+ applications or 10+ teams? – Or 10k+ data values? • Architecture: Code active lifetime >3 yrs? ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 2 or 3 Checks?
- 12. Disruptor: Dataflow-Level Security • Dataflow-Level Security – Control r,w access to each data item for each function – Ensures proper dataflow operation • Complete Protection – Discovery authentication – Data-centric access control – Cryptography – Tagging & logging – Non-repudiation – Secure multicast • No code changes! • Plugin architecture for advanced uses • Topic Security model: – PMU: State(w) – CBM: State(r); Alarms(w) – Control: State(r), SetPoint(w) – Operator: *(r), Setpoint(w) CBM AnalysisPMU Control Operator State Alarms SetPoint ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 13. Demanding Use Cases • The USS SECURE cybersecurity test bed is a collaboration between: – The National Security Agency – Department of Defense Information Assurance Range Quantico – Combat Systems Direction Activity Dam Neck – NSWCDD – NSWC Carderock/Philadelphia – Office of Naval Research – Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab – Real Time Innovations, Inc. • Objectives – Immunize against cyberattack and to rapidly recover when impacted – Determine the best cyberdefense technologies without impacting real time deadline scheduled performance http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=79228 ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 14. Pluggable Security Architecture App. Other DDS System Secure DDS middleware Authentication Plugin Access Control Plugin Cryptographic Plugin Secure Kernel Crypto Module (e.g. TPM ) Transport (e.g. UDP) application componentcertificates ? Data cache Protocol Engine Kernel Policies DDS Entities Network Driver ? Network Encrypted Data Other DDS System Other DDS System App.App. Logging Plugin DataTagging Plugin MAC ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 15. Standard Capabilities (Built-in Plugins) Authentication X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) with a pre-configured shared Certificate Authority (CA) Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) with Diffie-Hellman and RSA for authentication and key exchange Access Control Configured by domain using a (shared) Governance file Specified via permissions file signed by shared CA Control over ability to join systems, read or write data topics Cryptography Protected key distribution AES128 and AES256 for encryption HMAC-SHA1 and HMAC-SHA256 for message authentication and integrity Data Tagging Tags specify security metadata, such as classification level Can be used to determine access privileges (via plugin) Logging Log security events to a file or distribute securely over Connext DDS ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 16. The Need for Software Certification • Ensure safety of commercial aviation • Ensure safe integration of UAS into the NAS ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Communication, Interoperation and Control
- 17. Disruptor: Safety-Critical Components • Connext DDS Micro Cert – Stringent SWaP requirements – Complete certification evidence – Full interoperability with DDS product line • DO-178C Level A – Flight management systems • ISO 26262 – Road vehicle functional safety • IEC 60601 class 3 – Medical devices ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. Available Soon Soon
- 18. RTCA DO-178C / EUROCAE ED-12C • Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification • Used by FAA, EASA, Transport Canada and others Level Failure Condition Process Objectives A Catastrophic 71 B Hazardous/Severe 69 C Major 63 D Minor 26 E No effect 0 ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 19. Connext DDS Inherently Well-Suited to Safety-Critical Systems • Non-stop availability – Decentralized architecture – No single point of failure – Support for redundant networks – Automatic failover between redundant publishers – Dynamic upgrades • No central server or services • Version-independent interoperability protocol • Control over real-time Quality of Service • Visibility into missed deadlines and presence • Proven in thousands of mission critical systems ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc. 19
- 20. Software Development Folder (electronic form) (SDF) NOTE: This information is provided as a set of files on a DVD. They are not maintained as a folder; instead, additional files are generated which allow these materials to be grouped by requirements. The information is presented in a browseable format so that the information may be viewed as a software development folder based on requirement identification. The Software Development Folder (SDF) includes at a minimum: Reference to the applicable requirements. Reference to the implementation (Design & Code). Evidence of reviews for the requirements, design, code, test procedures, test results, and structural coverage analyses. Software test procedures. Software test results. White Papers. Artifact Change history (CM System). Applicable problem reports. SQA Audit Reports. Internal Software Conformity Review (provided separate from the certification data package). CC1 11.9 11.10 11.13 11.14 11.17 11.18 11.19 Full Evidence Product Name Product Description Control Category DO-178C Reference Plan for Software Aspects of Certification (PSAC) Provides the certification (approval) authorities an overview of the means of compliance, and insight into the planning aspects for delivery of the product specific to Connext DDS Cert. CC1 11.1 Software Quality Assurance Plan (SQAP) Defines the SQA process and activities. CC1 11.5 Software Configuration Management Plan (SCMP) Defines the CM and change control processes. CC1 11.4 Software Development Plan (SDP) Software Requirements Standard (SRStd) Software Design Standard (SDStd) Software Coding Standard (SCStd) Defines the processes used for requirements analysis, development, and test for the software product. Includes the standards for requirements, design, and code. CC1 11.2 11.6 11.7 11.8 Software Verification Plan (SVP) Defines the test philosophy, test methods, and approach used to verify the software product. CC1 11.3 Software Test Plan (STP) Documents the project-specific approach to verifying Connext DDS Cert. CC1 11.3 Tool Qualification Plan Identifies the tools to be qualified under the current project. CC2 12.2.2 DO-330 10.1.2 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) Defines the software requirements applicable to Connext DDS Cert. CC1 11.9 Software Vulnerability Analysis (SVA) Identifies potential failure conditions in the software, their potential impact, and proposed mitigation for Connext DDS Cert. CC1 N/A Design Components, in Program Design Language (PDL) Describes the design of Connext DDS Cert. CC1 11.10 Software Configuration Index (SCI) Software Configuration Index (SCI) Tables Identifies the software components for Connext DDS Cert with version information necessary to support regeneration of the product. Also includes the documents comprising the data package. CC1 11.16 Software Life Cycle Environment Configuration Index (SECI) Identifies the tools used to build and test the software for Connext DDS Cert. CC1 11.15 Technical White Paper: - Control-Coupling Verification With VerOLink (VerOLinkWP.pdf) - Single topic technical paper providing additional information to the certification authorities and users. CC2 N/A Requirements Traceability Document (RTD) Provides traceability from the requirements to all related certification life cycle artifacts including design, code, and test materials for the delivered software product. CC1 11.9 11.21 Software Accomplishment Summary (SAS) Documents the actual versus planned (per PSAC) activities and results for the project. Provides a summary of the means of compliance used for the software. Justifies any deviations from the plans. CC1 11.20 Sources Provides the Source files for: - Connext DDS Cert - Test procedures. - Build and test scripts. CC1 11.11 Results Documents the results of the functional and structural coverage analysis. This includes the actual results and any applicable analyses performed including coverage analysis. CC1 11.14 11.21 11.22 Libraries Linkable versions of the “as tested” product libraries. CC1 11.12 Verification tools Verification tools are identified and described in the Tool Qualification Plan for Connext DDS Cert. CC2 12.2 940 High-Level Requirements 3,680 Low-Level Requirements 3,400 test files 99.88% code coverage testing ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 21. Enable Autonomy • Autonomous vehicles span land, sea, and air • RTI led the US UAS ground station architecture. • DDS enables advanced reactive systems in transportation ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 22. The Network is the Future • The IIoT will soon be as well defined as The Internet is today • Common technology will replace special solutions • The IIoT will inspire entire ecosystems ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 23. For More Information • RTI site: www.rti.com • Examples, forum, papers: community.rti.com • IIC website: www.iiconsortium.org • Email: [email protected] • Connect on LinkedIn • Free RTI Connext DDS Pro: www.rti.com/downloads ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 24. The DDS Data-Centric Standard for the IIoT • OMG’s Data Distribution Service is the Proven Data Connectivity Standard for the IoT • OMG: world’s largest systems software standards org – UML, DDS, Industrial Internet Consortium • DDS: open & cross-vendor – Open Standard & Open Source – 12 implementations Interoperability between source written for different vendors Interoperability between applications running on different implementations DDS-RTPS Protocol Real-Time Publish-Subscribe Distribution Fabric DDS API ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 25. This is addressed by DDS Security Security Boundaries • System Boundary • Network Transport – Media access (layer 2) – Network (layer 3) security – Session/Endpoint (layer 4/5) security • Host – Machine/OS/Applications/Files • Data & Information flows Ultimately, you need to implement all! ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
- 26. DDS Security Model Concept Unix Filesystem Security Model DDS Security Model Subject User Process executing for a user DomainParticipant Application joining a DDS domain Protected Objects Directories Files Domain (by domain_id) Topic (by Topic name) DataObjects (by Instance/Key) Protected Operations Directory.list, Directory.create (File, Dir) Directory.remove (File, Dir) Directory.rename (File, Dir) File.read, File.write, File.execute Domain.join Topic.create Topic.read (includes QoS) Topic.write (includes QoS) Data.createInstance Data.writeInstance Data.deleteInstance Access Control Policy Control Fixed in Kernel Configurable via Plugin Builtin Access Control Mode Per-File/Dir Read/Write/Execute permissions for OWNER, GROUP, USERS Per-DomainParticipant Permissions : What Domains and Topics it can JOIN/READ/WRITE ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.