Uploaded byAshu Joshi
IoT Systems: Technology, Architecture & Performance
The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT) systems, architectures, and use cases. It describes typical IoT architectures involving sensors, devices, gateways, edge/fog computing, cloud platforms, and applications. It provides examples of common IoT devices like smart meters and discusses smart home use cases. Distributed software requirements across the IoT stack are also outlined.
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IoT Systems: Technology, Architecture & Performance
- 1. Ashu Joshi @AshuJoshi Movinture Accelerating yourIoT Solution 1 #MovingTheFuture IoT Systems Technology, Architecture & Performance
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- 3. 4 #MovingTheFuture IoT Backend Edge +Cloud Data Fusion & Integration Platform Enabling Product as a Service Connectivity Data & Control User + Device Management Business Logic Mapping Application(s) Enterprise (Integration) Machine IntelligenceUse case optimized, business-model driven IoT-applications to augment physical products as a service.
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- 5. 6 Anything that canbe measured or connected or controlled, will be. WE NOW LIVE IN A CONNECTED ECONOMY yes, anything. and everything. #MovingTheFuture
- 6. 7 “CEOs are movingfrom leading companies that make cars, toasters, elevators, construction equipment, washing machines and more to companies that are, basically, producing Internet-connected devices.” - Forrester #MovingTheFuture It is an opportunity to catapult your business and become a technology company.
- 7. 8 #MovingTheFuture Market Size isHuge. Imagine when everything physical is connected… $6.2 Trillion Economic Opportunity by 2025 $7.6 Trillion Opportunity by 2025 in IIoT, $3.5 in Consumer
- 8. 9 “Things” in perspective 2015 Human Population #of Devices 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Billions 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Global Internet Users 2015 - 3.25B growing @ 7% #MovingTheFutureSource/Credits: McKinsey, IDC, KPCB, census.gov The scale which we build for.
- 9. LayeredSecurity 10 Building IoT Appstakes software, lots of software…and a good bit of hardware #MovingTheFuture Connectivity Compute Storage Sensing Actuating OS, Drivers, Application Mgmt Framework Web & Mobile App(s) Data and Control App-based User & Device Management Business Logic & Workflow Mapping BillingIntegration EnterpriseIntgr. DataInterface Analytics Reporting Visualization Machine Learning Sensor | Actuator | Thing | Device | Node Gateway | Edge | Fog Cloud Data Analytics Machine Learning IoT Apps are distributed
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- 11. 12 Devices (Constrained) Sensors &Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Typical IoT Architecture Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 12. 13 Typical IoT Architecture Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensor: Responsible for interfacing the “physical” thing to the “digital” world Simple or Complex: A simple temperature sensor or a complex machine like a Tractor or Washing Machine Interfaces wirelessly or wired using many different protocols
- 13. 13 Typical IoT Architecture Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensor: Responsible for interfacing the “physical” thing to the “digital” world Simple or Complex: A simple temperature sensor or a complex machine like a Tractor or Washing Machine Interfaces wirelessly or wired using many different protocols Gateway or Edge: Provides local/edge processing Rule Engine, Local Analytics Local storage Interfaces to the Sensors/ Things Connects to the Cloud, provides IP connectivity
- 14. 13 Typical IoT Architecture Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensor: Responsible for interfacing the “physical” thing to the “digital” world Simple or Complex: A simple temperature sensor or a complex machine like a Tractor or Washing Machine Interfaces wirelessly or wired using many different protocols Gateway or Edge: Provides local/edge processing Rule Engine, Local Analytics Local storage Interfaces to the Sensors/ Things Connects to the Cloud, provides IP connectivity Cloud: Interfaces with all sensors/ things, collects data, and controls/manages the things interfaces with business applications provides interface for control, visualization, reporting, alerts/notifications
- 15. 13 Typical IoT Architecture Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensor: Responsible for interfacing the “physical” thing to the “digital” world Simple or Complex: A simple temperature sensor or a complex machine like a Tractor or Washing Machine Interfaces wirelessly or wired using many different protocols Gateway or Edge: Provides local/edge processing Rule Engine, Local Analytics Local storage Interfaces to the Sensors/ Things Connects to the Cloud, provides IP connectivity Cloud: Interfaces with all sensors/ things, collects data, and controls/manages the things interfaces with business applications provides interface for control, visualization, reporting, alerts/notifications Mobile Apps: Mobile Apps - primarily design to work @ system level Aiding in provisioning, installing and monitoring Consumer/Customer level user interface to interact or manage the system
- 16. 14 Devices (Constrained) Sensors &Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Where are the “things”? Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 17. 14 Devices (Constrained) Sensors &Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Where are the “things”? Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) 10s of Billions Billions 100s of Millions 10s-100s of Thousands
- 18. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 19. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 20. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Primarily Embedded Programming with C & C++ Node/JS and Python gaining some traction, and may continue to grow Java-versions also present Constrained level programming, firmware talent. Talent hard to come by Knowledge of hardware benefits
- 21. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Primarily Embedded Programming with C & C++ Node/JS and Python gaining some traction, and may continue to grow Java-versions also present Constrained level programming, firmware talent. Talent hard to come by Knowledge of hardware benefits Mix of Embedded/Firmware and High Level Programming Most Gateways support Linux - Linux/Unix style OS programming experience helpful Languages: C/C++/Node/ Python/Java Connectivity Stack, Drivers, Networking Protocols Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub
- 22. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Primarily Embedded Programming with C & C++ Node/JS and Python gaining some traction, and may continue to grow Java-versions also present Constrained level programming, firmware talent. Talent hard to come by Knowledge of hardware benefits Mix of Embedded/Firmware and High Level Programming Most Gateways support Linux - Linux/Unix style OS programming experience helpful Languages: C/C++/Node/ Python/Java Connectivity Stack, Drivers, Networking Protocols Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub Public Cloud: AWS, Azure, Heroku, Bluemix, Google Java,Node(Primary), Other: Net,Golang API Integration, Cloud to Cloud, Pub/Sub, Messaging Enterprise Integration Remote Mgmt / Dev Mgmt Visualization & Analytics
- 23. 15 Software across DistributedArchitecture Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Primarily Embedded Programming with C & C++ Node/JS and Python gaining some traction, and may continue to grow Java-versions also present Constrained level programming, firmware talent. Talent hard to come by Knowledge of hardware benefits Mix of Embedded/Firmware and High Level Programming Most Gateways support Linux - Linux/Unix style OS programming experience helpful Languages: C/C++/Node/ Python/Java Connectivity Stack, Drivers, Networking Protocols Sockets, REST, Pub/Sub Public Cloud: AWS, Azure, Heroku, Bluemix, Google Java,Node(Primary), Other: Net,Golang API Integration, Cloud to Cloud, Pub/Sub, Messaging Enterprise Integration Remote Mgmt / Dev Mgmt Visualization & Analytics Web technologies for Web Apps IOS / Android Networking & Protocol Programming
- 24. 16 #MovingTheFuture Edge: Sensor -Gateway Sensor | Actuator | Thing | Device | Node Gateway | Edge | Fog Sensing: Accelerometer, Magnetometer, Gyroscope, Pressure, Temperature, Altimeter, pH, Gas, Proximity Actuator Embedded Processing: MCU, MPU, Hybrid MPU, Network Processor, Graphics Processor OS/RTOS, Drivers, Network Stack, Security, Remote Management, Provisioning Connectivity Display Examples: Appliances, Vehicles, Machines, Vending Machines, Aircraft, Drones, Toys, Wearables, etc. List is endless! Interfacing to the Sensors/Actuators Support for the Connectivity Connects to Multiple Sensors/Actuators Higher End processors Off the Shelf / DIY Example: Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone etc. Typically runs Linux or an RTOS, Drivers, Network Stack, Security, Remote Management, Provisioning Connects to the Internet using 3G/LTE, Ethernet, Wi-Fi etc. Typically “many” things connected to a Gateway/Edge
- 25. 17 #MovingTheFuture Gateway - Cloud Gateway| Edge | Fog Interfacing to the Sensors/Actuators Support for the Connectivity Connects to Multiple Sensors/Actuators Higher End processors Off the Shelf / DIY Example: Raspberry Pi, Beaglebone etc. Typically runs Linux or an RTOS, Drivers, Network Stack, Security, Remote Management, Provisioning Connects to the Internet using 3G/LTE, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Satellite etc. Cloud: Manages and communicates with multiple gateways and devices/sensors Data Management Device & Gateway Management Enterprise Integration Billing & Payments Analytics, Machine Intelligence, Predictive Maintenance, Reporting, Visualization etc. AWS/Azure/GC/Bluemix, Data Center etc. Typically many gateways to the cloud Cloud, Data, ML/AI MQTT HTTP WebSockets DDS, XMPP Other
- 26. Complex & CompositeDevices Each Car today (i.e. Non Autonomous) has 100s may be 1000s of sensors, 40 to 50 Microprocessors, multiple connectivity (buses) internally. And many offer 3G/LTE connections to the Cloud for Service & Entertainment. Autonomous cars will have Edge- capable AI/ML engines (happening today). And 10x more sensors. Fun Fact High End Luxury cars have MORE 100 millions line of code, more than a Dreamliner 787 18
- 27. 19 IoT Use Case:Smart Meters Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 28. 19 IoT Use Case:Smart Meters Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 29. 19 IoT Use Case:Smart Meters Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)Multiple connectivity options Sub GHz Wireless common 2G/3G Newer LPWANs trying to compete such as LoRaWAN & SigFox Many are vendor-specific such as Sensus Flexnet or SSN StarFish. TRAFFIC PATTERN: 100s of Bytes, 15 Minutes intervals most frequent, mostly monthly readings Unidirectional: Meter to Gateway to Utility Utilities: Gas, Water, Electric Metering Providers: SSN, Sensus, Itron, Elster etc.
- 30. 19 IoT Use Case:Smart Meters Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)Multiple connectivity options Sub GHz Wireless common 2G/3G Newer LPWANs trying to compete such as LoRaWAN & SigFox Many are vendor-specific such as Sensus Flexnet or SSN StarFish. TRAFFIC PATTERN: 100s of Bytes, 15 Minutes intervals most frequent, mostly monthly readings Unidirectional: Meter to Gateway to Utility Utilities: Gas, Water, Electric Metering Providers: SSN, Sensus, Itron, Elster etc. WW Installed Base (Electric Smart Meters) by 2020: ~ 850 million 10s may be 100s of companies dedicated to providing analytics for meter data!!!
- 31. 20 IoT Use Case:Smart Home Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 32. 20 IoT Use Case:Smart Home Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 33. 20 IoT Use Case:Smart Home Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Nest Thermostat is a Complex Device - it supports Wi-Fi, ZigBee and has a very capable processor. It is a mini Gateway + Sensor Connectivity: Home Wi-Fi (can function offline) Traffic Pattern: Frequent, in MB BI DIRECTIONAL Nest Cam is a complex device. Sensor is the Camera, Microphone. It is a mini Gateway + Sensor Connectivity: Home Wi-Fi (can function offline) Traffic Pattern: 24x7 OR on Command High Bandwidth, Gigabytes if 24x7 Low Bandwidth bidirectional - control and speaker Nest Protect - both constrained in some respects, and complex. Gas Sensing. Communicates with the Nest Thermostat over 802.15.4 / Thread network Traffic pattern: Continuous, mostly local. Critical traffic. developer.nest.com - Fun fact - used to run on AWS even after the Google acquisition. Seems to have recently moved away from AWS. Nest works with Utilities to run Energy Management programs - such as Demand / Response “Works with Nest” program - Cloud to cloud integration with other Smart & Connected devices/appliances.
- 34. 21 IoT Use Cases:Smart Buildings Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 35. 21 IoT Use Cases:Smart Buildings Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensors e.g. occupancy Connected Lights Smart Utility Meters / Submeters Building HVACs Security & Surveillance Building Management System Building Management System BACNet Controllers
- 36. 21 IoT Use Cases:Smart Buildings Devices (Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Sensors e.g. occupancy Connected Lights Smart Utility Meters / Submeters Building HVACs Security & Surveillance Building Management System Building Management System BACNet Controllers Multiple Protocols inside the building: BACNet, ZigBee, LoRa, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Other proprietary Diversity of devices - constrained devices like Occupancy Sensors. Gateways for Lighting Control. HVAC & Air Conditioning systems Security and Surveillance - constrained devices like Card Readers & complex devices like HD Cameras
- 37. 22 Summary: Managing Diversity Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s)
- 38. 22 Summary: Managing Diversity Devices(Constrained) Sensors & Actuators Enterprise Integration IoT-Cloud Complex / Composite Devices Gateways Edge | Fog User-facing IoT Apps Sensing | Telemetry Actuation | Control Partner / Customer IoT Cloud(s) Frequency Monthly/Daily 24x7x365 Amount Trickle / Few Bytes River/HD Video MB/GB Latency milliseconds /forgiving micro/nano deterministic Multiple Protocols HTTP, MQTT, Web Sockets, XMPP, etc. Bidirectional traffic is common. Deterministic & low-latency is requirement Running “Cloud” at the “Edge” is necessary. Federation between Edge(s) and Cloud
- 39. 23 Wrap Up /Q&A / Demos #MovingTheFuture Ashu Joshi @AshuJoshi