Iris print
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The document discusses iris recognition technology, which uses cameras to capture high-resolution photos of the iris and specialized software to encode the unique patterns in the iris. A key challenge is live-tissue verification to ensure an actual iris is being imaged rather than a photo or fake iris. Several methods are proposed to address this, such as changing lighting during imaging to verify the pupillary reflex, analyzing spatial frequencies to detect printer patterns, and observing natural eye movements. Iris recognition has been deployed in immigration systems in countries like the UAE and Canada.
Iris print
- 5. a wide range of technologies available in the market to identify and verify a person’s identity by means of measuring and analyzing various human physiological and behavioral characteristics.
- 10. The iris-scan process begins with a photograph. A specialized camera, typically very close to the subject, not more than three feet, uses an infrared imager to illuminate the eye and capture a very high-resolution photograph. This process takes 1 to 2 seconds.
- 12. The picture of eye first is processed by software that localizes the inner and outer boundaries of the iris. And it is encoded by image-processing technologies.
- 13. The proposed iris pre-processing method implements the following steps: 1 • Automatic segmentation for pupil region. 2 • Helper data extraction and pupil detection, etc. 3 • Eyelids detection and feature matching.
- 16. Highly protected, internal organ of the eye Externally visible; patterns imaged from a distance Iris patterns possess a high degree of randomness 1- Variability 2- Entropy 3- Uniqueness 244 degrees-of-freedom set by combinatorial complexity 1 2 3
- 17. Changing pupil size confirms natural physiology Pre-natal morphogenesis (7th month of gestation) Limited genetic penetrance of iris patterns Patterns apparently stable throughout life 4 5 6 7
- 18. Encoding and decision- making are tractable 8 Image Analysis and Encoding Time decidability index (d-prime) search speed 30 milliseconds 1 million Iris Codes per second, with a 3 GHz CPU
- 20. Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting surface Moving target ...within another... on yet another Small target (1 cm) to acquire from a distance (1 m)
- 21. Partially occluded by the eye lid,often dropping Iillumination shouldn’t be visible Iris print extremly complex than others
- 23. As with most other biometric identification technology, a still not satisfactorily solved problem with iris recognition is the problem of live-tissue verification. The reliability of any biometric identification depends on ensuring that the signal acquired and compared has actually been recorded from a live body part of the person to be identified and is not a manufactured template.
- 24. Many commercially available iris- recognition systems are easily fooled by presenting a high-quality photograph of a face instead of a real face, which makes such devices unsuitable for unsupervised applications, such as door access-control systems .
- 25. A 2004 report by the German Federal Office for Information Security noted that none of the iris- recognition systems commercially available at the time implemented any live-tissue verification technology. Like any pattern-recognition technology, live-tissue verifiers will have their own false-reject probability and will therefore further reduce the overall probability that a legitimate user is accepted by the sensor.
- 26. The problem of live-tissue verification is less of a concern in supervised (immigration control) where a human operator supervises the process of taking the picture.
- 27. Methods that have been suggested to provide some defense against the use of fake eyes and irises include:
- 28. Changing ambient lighting during the identification (switching on a bright lamp), such that the pupillary reflex can be verified and the iris image be recorded at several different pupil diameters. Analyzing the 2D spatial frequency spectrum of the iris image for the peaks caused by the printer dither patterns found on commercially available fake- iris contact lenses.
- 29. Analyzing the temporal frequency spectrum of the image for the peaks caused by computer displays. Using spectral analysis instead of merely monochromatic cameras to distinguish iris tissue from other material. Observing the characteristic natural movement of an eyeball (measuring nystagmus, tracking eye while text is read, etc.).
- 30. Testing for retinal retro- reflection (red-eye effect) Using 3D imaging (e.g., stereo cameras) to verify the position and shape of the iris relative to other eye features Testing for reflections from the eye's four optical surfaces (front and back of both cornea and lens) to verify their presence, position and shape
- 31. Deployed applications Iris Guard Inc. UAE Enrollment Station. In UAE today, all of the UAE's land, air and sea ports of entry are equipped with systems. All foreign nationals who possess a visa to enter the UAE are processed through iris cameras installed at all primary and auxiliary immigration inspection points
- 32. UK's IRIS — Iris Recognition Immigration System. Used to verify the recognition of the "Afghan Girl" (Sharbat Gula) by National Geographic photographer Steve McCurry , and In a number of US and Canadian airports travelers. In several Canadian airports, as part of the CANPASS Air program that facilitates entry into Canada for pre- approved, low-risk air travelers.
- 33. At Schiphol Airport, Netherlands, iris recognition has permitted passport- free immigration since 2001. A U.S. Marine Corps Sergeant uses an iris scanner to positively identify a member of the Baghdadi city council prior to a meeting with local tribal leaders, sheiks, community leaders and U.S. service members.
- 34. Thank you