IRJET- Efficient and Effective Vibration Monitoring System for Bridge Structure: A Case Study at Railway over Bridge in Rural Area of Salem District

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3968
Efficient and Effective Vibration Monitoring System for Bridge
Structure: A Case Study at Railway Over Bridge in Rural Area of Salem
District
Sathishkumar T1, Dr. Gulshan Taj M.N.A2, Dr. K. Kumar3
1Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005,
Tamil Nadu, India.
2Associate professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005,
Tamil Nadu, India.
3Dean R&D, Department of Civil Engineering, Nagarjuna College of Engineering and Technology,
Bangalore 562164 Karnataka, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - The project aims about at developing the health
monitoring system for Civil structures which is usedtofind the
behaviour reactions in a continuous manner and also
maintains to keep the structures as safety conditions. This
system should interact and incorporate the real method of
practice based on direct inspections and also combine the
reaction of different sensors, installed on theruralareabridge
structures. Development of the important parameter
mechanism is taken due to frequentmovementsofthevehicles,
as well as the changes in the structure's behaviour and safety.
The developed monitoring system is going to be placed intwo-
way traffic lanes of Omalur railway bridge (SH307) located in
rural area of Salem district. By this instrumentation, the
vibration response can be predicted. Since the majority of the
energy required for the sensor is bared by the developed solar
panels and energy harnessed from human motion (piezo
electric sensor) through pedestrian way, the system may lead
to the era of energy conservation for future generation. The
real time process is taking in an interdisciplinary mannerwith
cost effective equipment method and also collected data is to
be connected in the IoT clouding process. From the effective
monitoring process, to detect the area of strength failures,
crack locations, also to checkthemovementofloadtransforms
in bridge structures. This project isfocusingtogivealertsignal
to specific areas of the bridge and higher authorities which
can be monitored in control mode before it may collapse. The
above monitoring system will pave the paths for Civil
structures to enhance their life span in sustainable mode.
Key Words: Sensors, IoT, Vibration, Warning signal.
1. INTRODUCTION
The bridge is a massive structureusedformovingofvehicles
and people from one to other places without going
underneath, if any presence of water bodies, traffic, railway
passages, etc. The bridge is one of the ancient aged concepts
used for mankind's purpose which is brought into their
needs. After the development of human activity, without
technology and also material properties, they started to
build the structures against natural calamities. The hard
work of satisfaction of successfully crossing an obstruction
from any land areas is built by a man with respective
different shape and size of bridges, it a primitive of the
ancients or modern availability material and equipment is
used. The history of the oldest first arch stone bridge isbuilt
in Greece above 13th BC. Over the day by day improvements
in civil, constructing of bridges take place to a developable
area of conditions and society. The design of bridges is
varied due to the area and the climatic condition is
depended. The bridge is a foremost structure in civil
Engineering which invested high cost and its mainly depend
on human needs. The structure of the bridge is not much
easier to construct thanany otherstructurewhichmeans the
handling of equipment’s and machinery, also preparation of
schedule, which mainly involves the area of location deals
the various difficulties in working times of bridge
construction. Different type of bridges is taking place in
various method with the latest technology to improve the
stability of the structure and quick installation of required
strengthening materials such as post-tensioning wire in the
deck to increase the lifetime performance with an easy
method of bridge construction.
The part of bridge are placed in three main parts such as
foundation (which stands the pier portion with the deep or
shallow foundation for the load transfer from deck while
moving of vehicles, external loads), substructure (used to
holds the upper portions from the span of area is connected
from both ends of abutments and it contains caps, bearings,
piers, diaphragm, etc.) and superstructure (upperportionof
structure which contains roadway with slab deck is resting
on the girders from piers).
The few literature studies have been clearly reviewed about
the bridge structures and its failure B veronica vaskova et al
[1] investigated the monitoring and failures of footbridges.
Similarly, Shinae Jang et al [2] presented a paper about the
structural health monitoring for bridge structures using
smart sensors. Y. Kawwanob et al [4] proposed a suggestion

of health monitoring for road bridge shoes. Keishi Miyazaki
et al [4] investigated the construction of a bridge over river
Yamuna at ilahabad/Naini. Kavita Madditot et al [5] studied
the Monitoring of Corrosions and Leakages in Gas pipelines
and a Safety Technique using LabVIEW. Rudolf Aroch et al
[6] investigated Structural Health monitoring of major
Danube Bridges in Bratislava. Cristian-ClaudiuComisu et al
[7] and AyahoMiyamotoa et al [8] Structural health
monitoring system of bridges and A Vehicle-based Health
Monitoring System for Short and Medium Span Bridges and
Damage Detection Sensitivity. Viral K et al [9] presented
Development of Smart Sensing Unit for Vibration
Measurement by Embedding Accelerometer with the
Arduino Microcontroller. S. Abinaya et al [10] presented a
paper about Structural health monitoring using wireless
sensor network. T.SR CH Murthy et al [11] and Diptanil
Chaudhuri et al [12] investigated Smart Health Monitoring
and Warning System Using IoT and Applications of
Accelerometer as a Vibration Detector.
Nowadays all constructing structures must be monitoring
the behavior of vibration, displacement, crack detections to
increase the span of building and also give prediction failure
for a clear view to take immediate repair instead of a major
failure in the structure.Everyconstructedstructurehastheir
lifetime based on the designs and material usedifanyfailure
occurs due to disaster or mankind action which leads
instability of the structure before it may collapse before
attains its lifetime. In this case, a lot of problems will rise as
people life, cost, things, and so on. Thus, an interdisciplinary
activity must be included for the structural performance in
the manner of a structural health monitoring system.
The structural health monitoring is a continuous process
which is used to prevent the safety and maintenance of
structure using smart sensors with the real-time-based
method. The process of monitoring is one of the most
important things which helpstostudybuildingperformance.
The concept of this process is mainly depending on an
electronic device such as the part of sensor installation,
collection of data in an interface of the data acquisition
system, communication process, clouding and modelling
system. From the above process, it relates to bridge
structure to get the result and enhance the span of a lifetime.
There are such parameters available to find the solution,
which to detect the frequency range about the speed of
vehicles and also find the displacement, vibration, crack
failure, wind speed may use to rectified sudden behavior in
bridges. An immediate result with proper action takes place
the good maintenance in the structures.
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
2.1 Preparation of Cloud setup
Internet of things is the symbolic representation as
IoT, which is widely used for controlling the system through
networking-basedconnection(internet). Thisisanadvanced
technique to operate the Wifi connected device from
anywhere of world using internet connection. A specific
electronic controller collects the data from sensors which
can monitor using software or applications through storage
capacity in network clouding method. This is the possible
only way of using software and hardware by which is
working under the process of coding programs to connect
both software and hardware. Clouding data interlinks from
the programs which are coded to the hardware devices.
One of the clouding IoT platform sources is ThingSpeak, it is
free to open clouding services. It runs as some procedure to
follow and then able to collect the data from the device. It
can be stored data in graphical values as well as digital
values with respect to time. Here, the project is to be
compared from the standard process (LabVIEW and MyRio
embedded device), which is an expensive and special power
required as much comparing the cheap and less amount of
power consumption for Arduino broad anditsrelatedcodes.
By the LabVIEW coding here the sensordata hasbeensentto
IoT platform of Thingspeak. So that the data can be taken
anywhere with mobile applications which gives immediate
alerts to the specific monitoring of rural bridges
Fig -1: LabVIEW coding for cloud setup
2.2 Materials and circuit connection
i) The ADXL335 is a 3-axis sensing of accelerometer
represent to X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis which can detect the
frequency with amplitude and time. This is cheap with thin
sensor (4 mm × 4 mm × 1.45 mm) square shape dimension,
takes up to low power of 350 μA (range of 3.3v to 5v). It can
measure both the static and dynamic acceleration in the
behavior of shocking, motion or vibration.
The Arduino Nano is a small, compactmicrocontrollerwhich
is used for interfacing software coding to activate thesensor
and also to get collect data from the sensor to directly notice
in the serial monitor of software. It requires up to 5v which
is easy to access and effective in cost.

Fig -2.1: Circuit setup of Arduino Nano & ADXL 335
ii) MyRio is a real-time embedded evaluation board
made by National Instrument.ItrequiresLabVIEWsoftware.
It has dual-core ARM® Cortex™-A9real-timeprocessingand
Xilinx FPGA customizable I/O (10 AI, 6 AO, 40 DIO) support
for wireless programmable. Also, it has an on-boardtri-axial
accelerometer, onboard LED, onboard user control switch&
USB interface used for camera/storage. The power
consumption is from 6v to 16v maximum.
Fig -2.2: Circuit setup of MyRio-1900 & ADXL 335
3. STUDY OF VEHICLE SURVEY IN BRIDGE
This project area of the rural bridge has two lane roads. The
passing of vehicles is taken during respective 7 peak hours.
The total traffic recorded during the survey period (7hours)
is 7719 vehicles excluding two wheelers.
Fig 3: Survey of vehicles taken on study site
4. DETAILS OF BRIDGE
The rural area of Omalur railway bridge (SH307) has been
constructed in 24.04.2007 by the Tamilnadu Government of
Highway Department and Southern highway. It facilitates
rapid flow of two-way traffic lanes and also nearly 1500
people living around the area of the bridge. The length is
about 67 feet each span of bridge with carries 20 piers. This
bridge is connecting wide areas including Dharmapuri,
Sankari, Mettur, Erode. Before construction of this bridge,to
cover the above areas about extra 4km to reach by another
route of Omalur village road. Under the bridge,threetracked
rails are used passing the trains in terms of which 10 cargo
train carries thermal, coal, government goods, steels at the
speed of 100 to 120 km/hr. And also passing 15 express
trains at the speed 80 to 100 km/hr for daily routine.
The dimensions and structures of the bridge are shown in
figure which is located in Omalur taluk, Salem district.
Fig -4.1: Dimensions of bridge
Fig -4.2: Structure of bridge under the railway track
5. TESTING PROCEDURE
The testing is done simultaneously in both data acquisition
system and Arduino Nano using LabVIEW code. As per the
above said materials and circuit connections the setup has
been made and the result is taken as an output value for
comparison simply by disturbing the setup. The process

after successful testing has been used for real time
monitoring.
Fig -5: Monitoring setup
6. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
The MyRio-1900 is completely been circuited with ADXL-
335 sensor and at the mean time the Arduino Nano is also
been with ADXL-335 sensor circuited for identifying the
exact output data.
The resultant graph represents the value of amplitude with
respect to the time taken. For comparingthestandarddevice
(MyRio-1900) with cheap available Nano micro controller
with code modification in LabVIEW is used to get the same
value. The below graph shows that MyRio andArduinoNano
has been giving the same data with minor changes in value.
The comparison value by graph has been shown below to
verify that both are equal.
Fig -6.1: Frequency response using MyRio
Fig -6.2: Frequency response using Nano controller
7. CONCLUSIONS
Plan to implement selected sensors for monitoring
rural bridge, get results from LabVIEW
 To generate results from LabVIEW details about
the bridge (e.g., natural frequency, amplitudes,
accelerations and vibration modes).
 Consumption of energy generated by using solar
panels.
 Create alert signals when damages happen in
rural bridge.
 To pass the information to residents, usersabout
condition of the bridge.
REFERENCES
1. Veronika Vaskova, ‘Monitoring and Failures of
FootbridgesMadefromGluedLaminated Wood’,Vol
(2016)142, pp 87-91
2. Shinae Jang And Billie F. Spencer, Jr. ‘Structural
Health Monitoring for Bridge Structures using
Smart Sensors’, Vol 2016.
3. Y. Kawanoab,T.Nishidoa,T.Mikamic,K.Ikushimab,A
suggestion of health monitoring for road bridge
shoes, 6th Asia Pacific Workshop on Structural
Health Monitoring, 6th APWSHM, Procedia
Engineering Vol.188 ( 2017 ) pp. 271 – 277.
4. Keishi Miyazaki, ‘Construction of a Bridge over
River Yamuna at llahabad/Naini’, Field Survey:
November (2006).
5. Kavita Madditot, Maheshan C M, H Prasannakumar,
‘Monitoring of Corrosions and Leakages in Gas
pipelines and a Safety Technique using LabVIEW’,
International Journal of Advanced Research in
Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering, Vol (2016).

6. Rudolf Aroch, Milan Sokol, Michal Venglar,
‘Structural Health monitoring of major Danube
Bridges in Bratislava’,BridgesinDanubeBasin,BDB
2016, Procedia Engineering, Vol.156(2016), pp 24-
31.
7. Cristian-ClaudiuComisu, Nicolae Taranub,
GheorghitaBoaca,Maria-Cristina Scutaru,Structural
health monitoring system of bridges, Procedia
Engineering Vol 199 (2017) pp.2054–2059.
8. AyahoMiyamotoa, AkitoYabeb, Eugen Brühwiler, ‘A
Vehicle-based Health Monitoring System for Short
and Medium Span Bridges and Damage Detection
Sensitivity’, Procedia Engineering Vol 199 (2017).
pp 1955–1963.
9. Viral K. Patel,and Maitri N. Patel, ‘Development of
Smart Sensing Unit for Vibration Measurement by
Embedding Accelerometer with the Arduino
Microcontroller’, International Journal of
Instrumentation Science, Vol 2017, 6(1).pp 1-7
10. S. Abinaya Sindhu, C.A Nirrmala, ‘Structural Health
Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Network’,
International Journal of Emerging Technology in
Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE), Vol
2015,13. pp 4
11. T.SR CH Murthy,’Smart Health Monitoring and
Warning System Using Iot’, International Journal Of
Current EngineeringAndScientific Research(Ijcesr)
Vol-2018, 5. pp-4.
12. Diptanil Chaudhuri, Rahvindra Singh,’Applications
of Accelerometer as a Vibration Detector’,
International Journal of Emerging TrendsinScience
and Technology (IJETST), - Vol-2015,02 pp 2084-
2092

IRJET- Efficient and Effective Vibration Monitoring System for Bridge Structure: A Case Study at Railway over Bridge in Rural Area of Salem District

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IRJET- Efficient and Effective Vibration Monitoring System for Bridge Structure: A Case Study at Railway over Bridge in Rural Area of Salem District