IRJET - Estimation of Flexible Pavement by using Stabilized Soil with Waste Plastic Granules

IRJET - Estimation of Flexible Pavement by using Stabilized Soil with Waste Plastic Granules

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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2525 Estimation of Flexible Pavement by Using Stabilized Soil with Waste Plastic Granules Prof. Vaijwade Sujit. M1, Sanket Bade2, Bhavesh Gavit3, Prashik Padghan4 1Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, MGM Polytechnic College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. 2,3,4 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MGM Polytechnic College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In construction of road different civil engineering plan on highly-priced soil is volatile due to its excessive compressibility, high permeability and less shear strength. Than plastic stabilization is one of the techniques which is in use of stabilization black cottonsoil fromthepast few decades. Use of plastic reduces the high plasticity of black cotton soil and makes its workable.Inthispaper,effect of blended waste plastic granules in variousperpercentages on mass dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC). The percentage of waste plastic granules by dry weight of soil was taken as 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, 5%, and 6.25%. with the addition of plastic to the sample ofsoil there is an increase in the cohesion of soil which leads to increase in UCS of the soil but further increase in the plastic content leads to decrease in the cohesion and, there by decrease in the strength. Key Words: Soil stabilization, Waste plastic granules, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Standard Proctor Test, Estimation of Road, Flexible Pavement Design. 1. INTRODUCTION Now, a day there is usage problem of plastic waste in Maharashtra (India). India generates close to 26,000 tonnes of plastic a day according to a CPCB estimate from 2019, worse a little over 10,000 tonnes a day of plastic waste remain uncollected. Uncollected plastic waste eventually ends Up in the natural environment in our seas and oceans or piling up on our lands. And India the world second-most populous country, generate ground 5-6 million tonnes of plastic waste annually, according to government figures. Exposure to a compound commonly found in plastic food containers is according to the first large epidemiological study in human. In order to decompose something, it is buried in soil, where bacteria can break it down. Decomposed organic material is then recycled. The broken down organic compound provide food for plants, enrich the soil and feed other living things. The problem with decomposing plastic is that plastic is not organic. Expansive soils such as black cotton soil create problems in foundation and for this stabilization of soil is requires. The plastic inclusion can improve the strength thus increasing the soil bearing capacity of soil. Use of plastic waste as reinforcement which reduces the disposal problem of the waste material. In future we can combine 2 or more waste product in it by considering this project as a base. We can decrease the amount of construction of road project. 2. LITRATURE REVIEW Sr. No . Authors Name Material Use Test Conducted 1 Prof. B. S. Hotti Plastic Pet Granules Specific gravity, Liquid limit (WL), Plastic limit (Wp), Plasticity index (Ip), Shrinkage limit, Classification of soil. 2 Prof. Sharan Veer Singh Plastic Waste California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, protor test, Specific Gravity. 3 Prof. Kirubakar an.K Pet Bottles Standard proctor compaction test, Hydrometer test, Unconfined compressive strength, Specific gravity, california bearing ratio. 4 Prof. Subash K Plastics And Glass Maximum Dry Density (𝛾𝑑), Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), Unconfined Compressive Strength, (qu) CBR- Unsoaked (%)CBR- Soaked (%), Ultimate Bearing Strength. 5 Prof. Mercy Joseph Powethet Plastic Proctor’s Test, CBR test, Direct Shear test, Max shear stress. 6 Prof. Ashutosh Bhadoriya Plastic Fibre Waste, Glass Waste CBR test, Specific Gravity, unconfined compressive strength, proctor test. 7 Prof. Venkata Plastic Material CBR, Specific Gravity, standard
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2526 Srinivas proctor. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION 1) Black Cotton Soil: The Black cotton soilusedforthestudywascollectedfrom Ramnagar(Aurangabaddist.,Maharashtrastate,India).Major soil deposits in the Ramnagar are Black Cotton Soils. This is very useful for agriculture and also useful for tree planting but not good for civil engineering project or road construction. The road laid onblackcottonsoilbasesdevelop undulation at the road surface due to loss of strength of the sub gradethrough sifting duringmonsoon.Duetoitspeculiar characteristics, it forms a very poor foundation material for road construction. Table -1: Properties of Normal Soil SR.NO. PROPERTIES OF NORMAL SOIL VALUE 1 Liquid Limit 48.73% 2 Plastic Limit 22.07% 3 Specific Gravity 2.37 4 Moisture Content 18.48% 5 Dry Density 1.42gm/cc 6 CBR Value 3.48% 2) Waste Plastic Granules (WPG): Recycled plastic roads could be more environmentally friendly then asphalt Volker Wessel the Dutch new roads from recycled plastic. The plastic road will be a great alternative to conventional roads, which consume too much time, and effort. Waste plastic granules are the products are collected from Kohinoor Plastic’s chikalthana MIDC. 3.1 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS In this project we have to obtain the graphical relationship of the “dry density‟ to “moisture content”inthe form of “compaction curve“, for determining the values of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD). OMC & MDD observations: Table -2: Observation Table for OMC & MDD The percentage of waste plastic granules by dry weight of soil was taken as 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, 5%, and 6.25%. with the addition of plastic to the sample of soil there is an increase in the cohesion of soil whichleadstoincreaseinUCS of the soil but further increase in the plastic content leads to decrease in the cohesion and, there by decrease in the strength. CBR value observations: Table -3: Observation Table for CBR Value with Soil & Plastic Waste Granules SR.NO. MATERIAL CBR VALUE OF SOIL AND SOIL+ WPG 1 Plain Soil 3.48 2 Soil+1.25% Plastic Waste Granules. 4.46 3 Soil+2.5% Plastic Waste Granules. 5.27 4 Soil+3.75% Plastic Waste Granules. 5.87 5 Soil+5% Plastic Waste Granules. 6.42 6 Soil+6.25% Plastic Waste Granules. 5.65 3.2 Graphical Analysis of CBR, Specific Gravity, Standard Proctor Test, and OMC, MDD. 1. Liquid Limit: - determine liquid limit of soil specimen by Casagrande method the liquid limit of soil is the water content at which the soil behaves practicallylikea liquid,but has small shear strength. It flows to close the groove in just SR. NO. MATERIAL OMC MDD 1 Plain Soil 18.48 1.42 2 Soil+1.25% Plastic Waste Granules. 18.09 1.55 3 Soil+2.5% Plastic Waste Granules. 17.81 1.68 4 Soil+3.75% Plastic Waste Granules. 17.18 1.73 5 Soil+5% Plastic Waste Granules. 17.01 1.85 6 Soil+6.25% Plastic Waste Granules. 18.09 1.62
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2527 25 blows in casagrandes liquid limit. and the value of liquid is 48.73%. Chart -1: Liquid Limit Graph for Normal Black Cotton Soil 2. OMC and MDD with Soil and Waste Plastic Granules: - Compaction is the process of packing soil particles closelyto gather thereby reducing voids andremovinggairfromvoids by dynamic load. There is an optimum amount of mixing water for a given soil and compaction process, which will give a maximum weight of soil per unit volume. Thisprocess increases dry density of soil. Chart -2: OMC Graph with Soil & Plastic Waste Granules Chart -3: MDD Graph with Soil & Plastic Waste Granules 3. CBR Value of Soil and With Waste Plastic Granules: - Tests are carried out on natural or compacted soils in water soaked or un-soaked conditions and the results so obtained are compared with the curves of standard test to have an idea of the soil strength of the subgrade soil. Chart -4: CBR Value Graph of Soil and Plastic Waste Granules
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2528 Chart -5: Penetration Curve of CBR with Waste Plastic Granules 4. Flexible Pavement Design as per IRC-37-2001 Traffic Count Survey:-TheCalculationofvehiclesisdone with the traffic data and axle load survey asperIRC37:2001. The design procedure given by IRC makes use of the CBR value, million standard axle concept, and vehicle damage factor. Table -4: Data Required For Road Pavement Design Sr. No. Available Data Value 1 Design of CBR of Subgrade Soil 6.42% 2 Design Life of Pavement (n) 15 year 3 Annual Growth rate (r) 7.5% 4 Distribution of Commercial vehicle (D) 0.75 5 No. of years between the last count and the year of completion of construction (x) 1 4.1 Design Calculation of Pavement thicknesses: - Similarly the thickness of different material with soil can be calculated as below, Table -4 Total Thickness of Pavement with Different Material Sr. No. 1 2 Material Soil Soil +5% Plastic granules Design CBR (%) 3.48 6.42 Total Pavement Thickness (mm) 760 580 Wearing Course (mm) 40 40 Binder Course (mm) 100 90 Granular Base (mm) 250 250 Granular Sub-base (mm) 370 300 4.3 ESTIMATION OF ROAD:- 1. The surface of earth under construction is plane i.e. no cutting and filling is required or cutting and filling is already done. 2. The depth of black cotton soil is up to 200 mm. hence the depth of excavation is 200 mm. 3. The pavement is considered as single lane,thereforethe width of carriage way is 3.75 m and the width at subgrade is 4.75m. 4. The length of pavement is 1km and thickness of each layer is considered as per stabilized material. In normal soil there is CBR value 3.8 with respect to CBR there is a thickness of pavement is 760mm and its total road estimate is 8215175/- and when addition of 5% waste plastic granules pavement thickness is 580mmAnd its total road estimate is 7309334/- when waste plastic granules is added in construction of road then deducted construction cost is 12.39% from Total road estimate cost. 3. CONCLUSIONS 1) Addition of waste Plastic granules in varying percentages resulted in overall increase in MDD. The MDD of 1.85gm/cc was obtained at 5% waste Plastic granules mixed with the soil. 2) Addition of waste Plastic granules in varying percentages showed a similar trend in the variation of OMC. The OMC curve shows an overall increase in the OMC. The maximum value of OMCwasobtainedas17.01 % at 5% of waste Plastic granules mixed with the soil. 3) The maximum CBR value was obtained as 6.42%,nearly about 2 times the CBR value of the normal black cotton soil. This maximum CBR value was obtained with 5% waste Plastic granules by dry weight of soil and hence was taken as the optimum percentage of waste Plastic granules for stabilizing the soil. The addition of waste Plastic granules into soil increased the CBR value from 3.48% to 6.42% i.e., 2 times the CBR value obtained for normal black cotton soil. 4) In normal soil there is CBR value 3.8 with respecttoCBR there is a thickness of pavement is 760mm and its total road estimate is 8215175/- and when addition of 5% waste plastic granules pavement thickness is 580mm
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2529 And its total road estimate is 7309334/- when waste plastic granules is added in construction of road then deducted construction cost is 12.39% from Total road estimate cost. REFERENCES [1] D. Kornack and P. Rakic, “Cell Proliferation without Prof B. S.Hotti1, Aishwarya s Kadabi2, Bhimashankar Kuchabal3, Karthik koganur4, Vinaykumar Padaganur5 1Department of civil Engg, BLDEA college of Engg& Technology, [2] Mercy Joseph, Femeeda Muhammed Haneef (2014), “Effect of Plastic Granules on the Properties of Soil”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. Vol. 4, Issue 4.pp.160. [3] Subash K UG Student, Department Of Civil Engineering, Ahalia School Of Engineering AndTechnology,Palakkad, Kerala, India. Sreerag R UG Student, DepartmentOfCivil Engineering, Ahalia School Of Engineering And Technology, Palakkad, Kerala, India. [4] Kirubakaran.K1, Dinesh.S2, Ranjith Kumar. G3 1Civil Engineering, Nadar Saraswathi College of Engineering and Technology/Anna University, India. 2 Lecturer, Department of construction technology and management, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia. 3 Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia. [5] Mercy Joseph Poweth*,Femeeda Muhammed Haney*,Melvin Jacob*,Remya Krishnan*,SheethalRajan* * (Civil Engineering VIII Semester Students, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam . [6] Ashutosh Bhadoriya1, Dr. R. Kansal2 1,2Department of Civil Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior-India. [7] Sharan Veer Singh1, Mahabir Dixit2 Scientist –B, Department of Soil, Central Soil and Material Research Station, New Delhi, India1.