IRJET- Improvising Pavement Strength using Plastic Waste

IRJET- Improvising Pavement Strength using Plastic Waste

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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4628 Improvising Pavement Strength using Plastic Waste Manish Singh1, Salman Khan2, Sarthak Sharma3, Himanshu Tiwari4, Prof. Deepti Dohare5 1,2,3,4Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, ABES IT, Uttar Pradesh, India 5Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, ABES IT, Uttar Pradesh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - The plastic waste quantity inmunicipalsolidwaste is increasing due to increase in population and changes in life style. Thus disposal of waste plasticisahazardousandbecome a serious problem globally due to their non-biodegradability. Plastic roads are found to perform better than ordinary roads and therefore use of plastic road construction has gained importance these days. Plastic roads are more stable in hot season as well as non-permeable to rain in rainy season. Disposal of waste plastic bags has become a serious problem and waste plastics are burnt for disposal which causes environmental pollution. Utilization of waste plasticbituminousmixeshasprovedthat these enhance the properties of mix in addition to solving disposal problems. Waste like plastic bottles, polymers, cups, etc. can be re-used by powdering or blending it with crusher and can be coated over aggregate and bitumen byanyheating process. Also, use of plastic waste reduces the requirement of bitumen. Key Words: Plastic Waste, Bitumen, Disposal Problem, Utilization, Solid Waste, etc. 1. INTRODUCTION Most of the paved roads in our country have granular sub base and base; bituminous base and wearing courses. The past practice of providing thin wearing coat of 20 mm premix carpet with seal coat was to allow deformation in granular layers to take place once road is opened to traffic. After the layers get compacted then thick bituminous wearing course was provided. Plastic is a very versatile material. Due to the industrial revolution, and its large scale production plastic seemed to be a cheaper and effective raw material. Today, every vital sector of the economy starting from agriculture to packaging, automobile, electronics, electrical, building construction, communicationsectorshas been virtually revolutionized by the applications of plastics. Plastic is a non-biodegradable material and researchers found that the material can remain on earth for 4500 years without degradation. Several studies have proventhehealth hazard caused by improper disposal of plastic waste. 1.1 Types of plastics FULL NAME ABBREVIATION GENERAL EXAMPLES High density polyethylene HDPE Bottles & Films Low density polyethylene LDPE Films Linear Low density polyethylene LLDPE Films Polypropylene PP Containers, Film Poly vinyl chloride PVC Blisters Packs & Bottles Polyethylene Terephthalate PET Bottles for soft drinks, films etc. Polysyrene PS Thermo- cole,trays,toys etc. These are some plastic of which we all aware are. So these are main plastic for our project. 2. METHODOLOGY We would use the dry process in our project, Described as below: DRY PROCESS For the flexible pavement, hot stone aggregate (170oC) is mixed with hot bitumen (160oC) and the mix is used for road laying. The aggregate is chosen on the basis of its strength, porosity andmoistureabsorptioncapacityasperIS coding. The bitumen is chosen on the basis of its binding property, penetration value and viscoelastic property. The aggregate, when coated with plastics improved its quality with respect to voids, moisture absorption and soundness. The coating of plastic decreases the porosity and helps to improve the quality of the aggregate and its performance in the flexible pavement. We will perform the following tests on aggregate & bitumen to show the properties of aggregate & bitumen used for the contruction of flexible pavement.
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4629 2.1Tests for bitumen 2.1.1)Aggregate Crushing Value Test. (IS:2386-PART 4- 1963) Aggregate crushing value test on coarse aggregates gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate crushing under gradually applied compressive load. In this test put the cylinder in position on the base plate & weigh the cylinder. Put the aggregate sample in 3 layers by stroking the sample using the tamping rod. Apply the loadat a uniform rate, then afterwards release the load & remove the material from the cylinder. Then sieve the material & weigh the fraction passing through the IS sieve. 2.1.2) Aggregate Impact Value Test. (IS:2386-PART4-1963) Determine the impact value of the road aggregates, Assess their suitability in road construction on the basis of impact value. First of all we will perform the sieve analysis & afterwards we will put the sample in calibrating cylinder. Aggregate is filled in 3 layers. Now we will weight the aggregate after that aggregate is filled in the impact mould. After performing the test the aggregate are again sieved & then respective reading are noted down. 2.1.3) Los Angles Abrasion Test(IS:2386-PART 4-1963) Abrasion test is carried out to test the hardness property of aggregates. The principle of Los Angeles abrasion test is to find the percentage wear due to relative rubbing action between the aggregate and steel balls used as abrasive charge. In the Los angles Abrasion test we will take the sample and Put it in the Abrasion machine to perform the Test. 12 metal balls are also being put in the machine & afterward respective readings are noted down. 2.1.4) Water Absorption Test(IS 2386(Part 3):1963) This test helps to determine the water absorption of coarse aggregates. In this first we will take the aggregate sample & keep it water for 24 hours. After 24 hour take out the sample from water then remove the extra water from the aggregateusing a cotton cloth & Afterwards notedown the readings. 2.1.5) Penetration Test (IS: 1203-1978) Penetration value test on bitumen is a measure of hardness or consistency of bituminous material. ...Penetration test is used for evaluating consistencyof bitumen.Itisnot regarded as suitable for use in connection with the testing of road tar because of the high surface tension exhibited by these materials The penetration test is used to measure the hardness or softness by measuring the depth in tenths of a mm. Penetrometer consists of a needle assembly is used, the test should be conducted in the specific temperature of 250 C. 2.1.6) Ductility Test (IS: 1208-1978) Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo greatdeformationorelongation. Ductility isdefined as the distance in cm, to which a standard sample or briquette of the material will be elongatedwithoutbreaking. In this the bitumen sample is heated & poured in the mould & after that sample with moulds are cooled in the air & then the water bath. 2.1.7) Softening Point Test (IS:1205:1978) Softening point denotes the temperature at which bitumen attains a particular degree of softening under the specification of test. In the softening point test of the bitumen we will use the Ring & Ball Apparatus to perform the test. It helps to determine the temperature in which substance start to change from solid to liquid. The excess bitumen is cuted & the surface is leveled using a hot knife. Then further process is being performed. 2.1.8) Flash & Fire Point Test (IS: 1209-1978) In this test first of all we will pour the bitumen in the Cup Heat it up & we will rise the temperature using the temperature gauge & we will note down the Flash & Fire point for the bitumen. 3) MATERIAL The material used for our project are aggregate of 10 & 20mm & Bitumen of grade 60/70 & 80/100 are used. AGGREGATE Aggregate of 10mm & 20mm BITUMEN: Bitumen of grade 60/70, 80/100. 4.) RESULT & DISCUSSION In our project, we have used materials and then performed experiments on materials and then found that they were abiding the IRC recommendations. Later on we performed Marshall’s stability test on conventional mix to find optimum binding test then again
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4630 performed using this percentage of bitumen with varying plastic content to find optimum plastic content. This way we found the proper combination of bitumen and plastic content to give maximum stability. The major aim of our project is to determine the optimum % of plastic which is required in road construction having economy as well as long life i.e. better performance over a period of time. We are here trying to find the betterperformanceofthe road constructed by analyzing the Marshall Stability Values. Waste plastic, when added to hot aggregate will form a fine coat of plastic over the aggregate and such aggregate, when mixed with the binder is found to give higher stability, approximate 1.5 times more. To get max load taking capacity, 5% bitumen + 8% Plastic combination can be used in bitumen mix for road. 4.1). Aggregate: i). Water Absorption test- 0.6% ii). Impact value test- 21.62% iii). Crusing value test- 18.31% iv). Abrasion test- 18% 4.2). Bitumen: i). Penetration test- 4.8mm ii). Ductility test- 77.65 cm iii). Softening point test-54.6o c iv). Flash & Fire point test- 189o c & 190.5o c Later on Marshall’s Stability Test have been performed on Conventional Bituminous Mix Sample as well as Plastic Added Bituminous Mix Sample. 4.3). CONVENTIONAL BITUMINOUS MIX (FINDINGOBC= ‘A’) OBC =‘A’= binding content of at which max stability is attained = 6% 4.4). Plastic added Bituminous Mix (finding OPC =‘X’ with ‘A’% Bitumen) OPC=‘X’ =Plastic Content of at which max stability is attained = 8% 4.5). Plastic added Bituminous Mix (finding ‘B’ % of bitumen with ‘X’% plastic) So final combination giving max stability is 5% bitumen + 8% Plastic (A =6% Bitumen) 4% 6% 8% 10% IRC SP- 53-2002 RECOMM ENDATIO N Marshall’ s stability (kg) 1490 1570 1630 1510 >1200 % of bitumen (x=8% plastic) 4% 5% 6% 7% IRC SP-53- 2002 RECOMME NDATION Marshall ’s stability (kg) 144 0 165 0 163 0 147 0 >1200 S.NO EXPERIMENT NAME PARAMETER READING 1 Impact value test 22% < 30% 2 Los angles abrasion 18% < 30% 3 Crushing value test 18.13% <30% 4 Water absorption 0.6% < 0.62% 5 Softening point 54.60c (35o C – 700C) 6 Ductility test 77.85cm > 75cm 7 Penetration test 4.8mm (2.5mm – 20mm) 8 Flash & Fire point 1890C<160oc & 190.5<180oC BINDING CONTENT 4% 5% 6% 7% MOST RECOM MENDAT ION MARSHALL ’S STABILITY TEST (KG) 930 1230 1250 1020 >900
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  International Research Journalof Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4631 5). CONCLUSION In addition to the improvement of the quality of the road, this technology has helped to use thewasteplasticsobtained from domestic and industrial packing materials. This has added more value to the dry process as this process helps to dispose 80 percentages of the waste polymers usefullybyan eco-friendly method. This has already been accepted by the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi. They have already released a guideline on the technique of the road laying by dry process and its advantage. By this technique, which is in- situ, waste polymer like carry bags, foam, laminated sheets, cups are all used for road laying. 6). REFERENCES [1] Mr. Chetan Yeole, Mrs. V. U. Khanapure, Mrs. V. P. Joshi, Mr. Abhaysinha Shelake” UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLYPROPYLENE (PP) WASTE IN ASPHALT BINDER FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS ” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 06 (2017) [2]H. K. SHARMA” Utilization of Waste PlasticinConstruction of Pavement” National Conference on Recent Research in Engineering and Technology (NCRRET-2015) International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406 (2015) [3]Afroz Sultana S K, K.S.B. Prasad “Utilization of Waste Plastic as a Strength Modifier in SurfaceCourseofFlexibleand Rigid Pavements” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248 (2012) [4] Dhodapkar A N.“Use of wasteplasticinroadconstruction”, Indian Highways, Technical paper, Journal,PNo.31-32.(Dec. 2008) [5] Khan Amjad, Gangadhar, Murali Mohan Murali and Raykar Vinay"Effective Utilization of Waste Plastics in Asphalting of Roads", R.V. College Of Engineering,Bangalore ,(1999)