IRJET- Intelligent Microgrid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plant 2KWP

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2753
Intelligent Microgrid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plant 2kwp
Kiran Varade1, Ajay Rahane2, Akshay Dalvi3, Jitendra Bidgar4
1Assistant Professor, Electrical Dept., S.V.I.T, Chincholi, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
2,3,4B.E Student, Electrical Dept., S.V.I.T, Chincholi, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Microgrid is a power pool in which a number of
generating sources, storage devices and loads are
interconnected with each other to exchange power. A load
survey was carried out in the project site to determine the
load profile of the residential building, and system. The
objective of the project is to design an AC-DC hybrid microgrid
to meet various load profiles, taking the project site as an
example. Three operating modes of the microgrid are
considered: grid dependent, grid independent and grid back
up. Actual hardware are yet to built and testing with the
emulated loads. The controllers for regulating power from
various sources like solar PV, battery, andinterlinkinginverter
are supposed to be select as per the requirementand designed
the system according to load. Which results in improved
transient response and tight regulation of the DC bus voltage.
The microgrid has the capacity upto a power rating of 2 kW.
Key Words: Solar PV 1, Battery 2, InterlinkingInverter 3.
1. INTRODUCTION
While a majority of the world's current electricity supply is
generated from fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas,
these traditional energy sources face a numberofchallenges
including rising prices, security concerns over dependence
on imports from a limited number of countries which have
significant fossil fuel supplies, and growing environmental
concerns over the climate change risks associated with
power generation using fossil fuels. As a result of these and
other challenges facing traditional energy sources,
governments, businesses and consumers are increasingly
supporting the development of alternative energy sources
and new technologies for electricity generation. Renewable
energy sources such as solar, biomass, geothermal,
hydroelectric and wind power generation have emerged as
potential alternatives which addresssomeoftheseconcerns.
Before going to this entire plant operation has to be done in
practically, so taken the existing 100kw ‘’Pravara Rural
Education Society’s, Sir Visvesvaraya Institute Of
Technology’’. Solar PV plant as a reference. The plant was
installed on July-2015 and this is situated in Nashik district,
Maharashtra. PV arrays consist of parallel and series
combination of PV cells that are used to generate electrical
power depending upon the atmospheric conditions (e.g.
solar irradiation and temperature).
1.1 System Design and Objectives
The general objective in designing a Solar Power Plant to
adequately match the capabilities to the load requirements
of the consumer, at a minimum cost of the system to the
consumer. In order to accomplishthis,thedesignerwill need
to know the following types of questions about the system.
(1) Power Requirements, (2)Solar Data Availability,(3)Type
and Size of Solar Power Plant Required, (4) Cost of Energy
Produced, (5) Solar Power Viability, (6) System
Characteristics, (7) System Requirement, (8) Evaluation
Criteria, (9) Design Optimization, (10) Economic Viability
and (11) Prospects of Cost Reduction.
1.2 Components Used in Solar Power Plants Major
components
1. Solar PV Model
2. Power Conditioning Unit/grid tie inverter
3. Utility Grid/Grid System
Minor components
1. DC array junction box
2. AC bus bar(LT and HT Switch gear)
3. Control room
4. Cables
5. Mounting structures
6. Earthing and lightening
Fig-1: Schematic diagram of solar PV grid Connected
plant
1.2 Factors should be Consider While Designing the System
1. The efficient sunshine hours in the location.
2. The proportion of the rainy/cloudy days in the location.
3. How many rainy-cloudy days for the system to work
normally.

4. The database of the local weather report,suchassunshine
hours, wind power, cloudy-rainy days, and natural disaster
and so on.
5. The installation location should be wide, and make sure
that there is no high building or other things to cover the
solar panels & the sunshine.
6. Should take full investigation while designing the system,
a. Survey the local climatic conditions,
b. The current needs and future potential demands clearly,
c. Focus on performance and consider energy composition,
d. Structure, cost, transportation, construction conditions,
e. System protection should be complete andeasytooperate
and the Maintenance, other conditions and the maintenance
should be a little as possible.
1.2 DC Side PV Plant Design
a. Modules in Series
1. Total MPP voltage at Max Module temperature > Inverter
Min MPP Voltage
2. Total Open circuit voltage at Min Module temp < Inverter
Max Voltage
b. Modules in Parallel
1. Max current shall not be more than Inverter Max Input
current
2. No of Array combiner boxes – with or without string
monitoring based on number of inputs selected for each box
c. No. of Main Junction Boxes – based on the Number of
Inverter inputs
1.3 AC Side PV Plant Design
1. AC side cable
2. LT Switchgear and MV switchgear
3. Power Transformer (LV to MV)
4. HT Switchyard, Protection and Metering
5. Transmission lines
2. SITE AND TECHNICAL DETAILS
2.1 Site Location
The proposed site is located at Trimurti Chowk, Nashik city
in Maharashtra at Latitude 19.98 and Longitude 73.755 N
19059’3.55844’’E 73045’19.86216’’ 500 ft2 of rooftop is
identified and is taken to possession
The detailed estimate and the power evacuation scheme
along with proposed solar powerplantbuildingareenclosed
hereby.
2.1 Solar PV Technology
Solar PV Technology converts sun’s natural energy to useful
electrical energy. Photo Voltaic modules are made of mono
crystalline / polycrystalline solar cells connected in series
and parallel modes. Type of solar panel usedinthisprojectis
mono crystalline.
Mono crystalline solar panels are the most efficient type of
solar panels but are also the most expensive. Their
performance, somewhat is better in low light conditions.
Overall efficiency on average is about 12-15%.warranted of
this type of panels about 20-25 years.
Fig-3: Mono Crystalline PV Panels
Table -1: Solar Panel Specification
Watt 220 Watt
Voltage 360 Volts
Current 7.6 A
Type Monocrystalline
No’s of module 10 no’s
No’s of modules per kW 5 no’s
Tilt angle(slope) of PV
Module
15 degree
Efficiency 14.3%
Temperature Min 15 o and Max 40 deg c
Dimensions of single
module(mm)
1655(L) × 995(w) × 50(T)
mm
Area of single panel =
1646725 (mm)
Area of single panel = 1.64
meter²
Wind speed rating 150 Km/h
2.2 Inverter
GEC [Grid Export Condition] inverters are used here for
suppressing the harmonics produced after DC to AC
conversion.

2.6 Combiner Box/ Junction Box
Wires from the individual PV modules or strings are run to
the combiner box, typically located on the roof. These wires
may be single conductor pigtails with connecters that are
pre-wired onto the PV modules. The output of the combiner
box is one larger two wire conductor in conduit. A combiner
box typically includes a safety fuse or breakerforeachstring
and may include a surge protector.
3. Metrological values
4. RESULTS AND DESCUSSION
Chart-1: Solar Paths at Nashik (Lat. 19.980N, Long.
73.755)
All the parameters underlying this simulation: Geographic
situation and Mateo data used, plane orientation, general
information about shadings (horizon and near shadings),
components used and array configuration, loss parameters,
etc.
Shows the variation in energy generation of solar modules
with insolation and the effect of effect of module
temperature on their efficiency.
Energy generation shows direct dependent on the incident
solar irradiation and reaches the maximum during peak
insolation hours, the efficiency of the modules the main
reason is to increase in the module temperature. This
negatively impacts the efficiency more during that hours.
Efficiency of the module decreases from 13.3% at 30OC to
11.5% at 55oC.
It also clear that the temperature of modules increases with
the increase in the solar irradiation and reaches the
maximum during peak irradiation hours. In other side
reduced conversion efficiency.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Using PV SYST V6.10 simulation software, the energy yield
analysis for 2kW PV Solar power generation was performed
for site .Which is located at latitude of 19.980 N and
longitude 73.755E, performance ratio about 84.4%.The
available energy at the inverter output which can be fed to
the nearby grid with a specific power production.
The impact of temperature variation on the performance of
photovoltaic mono crystalline silicon was studied both on
daily and yearly basis. It is observed that the efficiency of
modules is more sensitive to temperature than the solar
irradiation. The normal daily wise is thatthe efficiencyofthe
plant is high during morning time but low during middle of
the day and starts increasing from late afternoon. The
efficiency of modules varies from 14.5% to 11.5% with
variation in the averaged module temperature from 250C to
500C.Hence cooling of solar modules may be desirable to
increase the efficiency.
REFERENCES
[1]Nptel(Design Of Photovoltaic System).
[2] TATA SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS User mannuals
[3] TrishanEsram and Patrick L.Chapman, “Comparison of
Photovoltaic Array Maximum Power Point Tracking
Techniques,”IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol.
22, No. 2, June 2007.

[4] Hung-I Hsieh, Jen-Hao Hsieh, et al., “A Study of High-
Frequency Photovoltaic Pulse Charger forLead-AcidBattery
Guided by PI-INC MPPT”.
[5] K.H. Hussein, I. Muta, T. Hoshino and M. Osakada,
“Maximum photovoltaic power tracking:an algorithm for
rapidly changing atmospheric conditions,”IEEEploc.-Gener.
Transmission and Distribution, Vol. 142, No. 1 , Jan. 1955.
[6] C.Thulasiyammal and S Sutha, “An Efficient Method of
MPPT Tracking System of aSolar Powered Uninterruptible
Power Supply Application,” 1st International Conference on
Electrical Energy Systems, 2011.
[7] NoppadolKhaehintung and PhaophakSirisuk,
“Application of Maximum Power Point Tracker with Self-
organizing Fuzzy Logic Controller for Solarpowered Traffic
Lights,” IEEE, 2007.
BIOGRAPHIES:
Kiran Varade1
Assistant Professor, Electrical Dept., S.V.I.T,
Chincholi, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
Ajay Rahane2
B.E Student, Electrical Dept., S.V.I.T,
Akshay Dalvi3
Jitendra Bidgar4

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