ISLAMIC RELIGION _historical background and religious beliefs

I believe in God, the Father almighty,
creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Spirit
and born of the virgin Mary.
He suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried;
he descended to hell.
The third day he rose again from the dead.
He ascended to heaven
and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty.
From there he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit,
the holy catholic* church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting. Amen.

Lesson Objectives:
– Define the Islam religion
– Explain the historical beginning of Islam religion.
– Describe Muhammad as a founder of Islam Religion
through a graphic organizer.

ISLAM RELIGION
symbol
crescent moon and star
indicates that followers of
Islam are respected and

 ISLAM is one of the three monotheistic faiths or
Abrahamic religions that arose from the Middle
East.
 The Arabic root sin-lam-mim which is the root
word of Islam meaning “to submit” or
“surrender.”
 As a religion, Islam means “submission
or surrender’ to Allah (God)

 Followers of Islam are called Muslims.
 Followers of Islam aim to live a life of
complete submission to Allah.
 Muslims believe several prophets were
sent to teach Allah’s law. They respect
some of the same prophets as Jews and
Christians, including Abraham, Moses,
Noah and Jesus.
 Muslims contend that Muhammad was
the final prophet.

KAABA
• CUBE IN ARABIC
• HOLIEST SHRINE IN ISLAM
• LOCATED IN MECCA SAUDI ARABIA

Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque
 The oldest mosque in Tawi-tawi built 1380’s which
was considered as a National Historical Landmark
and National Cultural Treasure.
 Functions as a center for information, education,
and dispute settlement among believers.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
● Islam began with the Arabian desert people around early seventh century C.E. These people had developed their own set of
beliefs prior to the formal establishment of Islam and had been influenced by other religions for a long period of time, including
Byzantine Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. Judea, the home of Christianity, was not too far away from Arabia, and the
great cities of Damascus, Antioch, and Alexandria were neighbors to Mecca and Medina (Hopfe 1983). Byzantine rulers, however,
antagonized
● When the Muslim forces entered Medina in 622 C.E., many citizens of the city were Jewish (Hopfe 1983). Lastly, the Muslims may
have been in contact with the Persian Zoroastrians though its influence may be not as strong compared to Christianity and
Judaism.
● Pre-Islamic people worshipped a variety of gods.
● Apart from worshipping a pantheon of gods, pre-Islamic religion was also animistic in character. Spirits found in rocks, trees, and
wells had to be revered at their sanctuaries and placated for assistance.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
 The prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah,
sometimes spelled Mohammed or
Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi
Arabia, in 570 A.D.
 Life must have been very difficult for the
young Muhammad. With no formal schooling,
Muhammad worked as a caravan worker.
 Muhammad soon learned the various ways
and means of their belief systems.
 He used to retreat to Mount Hira near Mecca
in search of truth about God.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
 Muhammad later married an older wealthy widow
named Khadija, fifteen years his senior.
 Around the year 610 C.E., Muhammad began
hearing the voice of God in a cave on the summit
of Mount Hira.
 He was preaching a new order built upon God’s
will and human submission to this belief.
 Muhammad and his radical view of submission to
one god as one major threat to the long
established tradition and absoluteness of tribal
authority.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
 The radical teachings of Muhammad angered local
tribes so they began persecuting him and his loyal
followers.
 In 622 C.E., Muhammad and his group moved to
Medina (then known as Yathrib, 200 miles north of
Mecca) to escape persecution from the Meccans.
 Muhammad restored peace and order in Medina.
Shortly after his arrival in 622 C.E, he united the
Medinian tribes under one constitution.
 Muhammad and his followers waged a constant
battle against Meccan tribes until 630 C.E.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
 In 632 C.E., Muhammad died at the age of 62 but
his newly founded religion had spread across the
entire Arabian Peninsula and the Muslims had
been united as one religious community.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
 The prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah,
sometimes spelled Mohammed or
Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi
Arabia, in 570 A.D.
 He was the final prophet sent by God to
reveal their faith to mankind.
 According to Islamic texts and tradition,
an angel named Gabriel visited
Muhammad in 610 A.D. while he was
meditating in a cave. The angel ordered
Muhammad to recite the words of Allah.

PROPHET MUHAMMAD
● Muhammad believed that he was
chosen by God as messenger
● Starting in about 613, Muhammad
began preaching throughout
Mecca the messages he received.

Hijra
In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to
Medina with his supporters. This journey
became known as the Hijra (also spelled
Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of
the Islamic calendar.
Muhammad and his many followers returned to
Mecca and conquered the region. He continued
to preach until his death in 632.

QUR’AN HADITH
SACRED SCRIPTURE

 It has a literally means “the
recitation or reading.”
 revealed word of God and the
primary source of every
Muslim’s faith and practice.
 Foundation of Islam religion
 It is the supreme authority in
all matters of faith, theology,
and law (Parrinder 1971).
Qur’an

Sura Al-Fatiha
The first chapter of the
Qur’an. Its verses
constitute the prayer for
God’s guidance and stress
the Lordship and Mercy of
Allah.

Hadith
● the collection of the deeds and
sayings of Muhammad and his
followers (“traditional reports or
sayings”) and is the second source of
shari’a law (Horrie & Chippindale
2003).
● The various rituals and obligations
embedded in the so-called “Five Pillars of
Islam” as well as majority of criminal laws
originate from the hadiths (Horrie &

BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
……………………
Islamic religious laws cover the daily life of all Muslims—from
education, dress, marriage, sexual relations, justice, punishments,
economics, diet, and even rules of hospitality. While Islam’s
approach to life and death, origins of the universe, and the nature
of mankind is simple, it is also rigid and uncompromising (Horrie &
Chippindale 2003).

BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES
……………………
 There is only one compassionate, everlasting, and omnipotent God, being
the lord of everything in existence, including humans.
 Around eight thousand years ago, God created the universe and may
terminate it when he wills it so.
 A “Day of Judgment” shall ensue wherein all humankind will be resurrected
and individually accounted for.
 Everyone will be fully awakened and raised to a higher spiritual life (Aziz
1193).
 Based on their own deeds and fully aware of the effects of these deeds in
this life, everyone will then be sent to either paradise or hell for perpetuity
(Aziz 1993; Horrie & Chippindale 2003).

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
……………….
 The basic obligations of Muslims are called the Five
Pillars of Islam or arkan al-din.
 Muslims believe and accept the entirety of these
obligations that must be strictly observed to avoid
being sent to hell on the “Day of Judgment.”
 The Five Pillars give structure and unity to all believers

Hajj: to make a pilgrimage to Mecca
 It is occurs during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah to the city of
Mecca.
 Upon completion of the pilgrimage, a Muslim is called a hajj or
hajja meaning “one who made pilgrimage to Mecca.

– Ramadan for the year 2025 starts on the
evening of Friday, February 28th lasting 30 days and
ending at sundown on Saturday, March 29. Islamic
holidays always begin at sundown and end at
sundown the following day/days ending the holiday
or festival. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar.

–Eid al-Adha: 'feast of the sacrifice’
 Eid al-Adha for the year 2025 is
celebrated/ observed
on sundown of Friday, June
6th ending at sundown on
Saturday, June 7th.

–Eid al-Fitr: 'festival of the breaking of the fast’
Eid al-Fitr for the year 2025 is celebrated/
observed on sundown of Sunday, March 30th
ending at sundown on Monday, March 31st.

PRACTITIONERS
Islam is composed of three
denominations: Sunni, Shia, and Sufi
Muslims. One of the major differences
between Sunni and Shia Muslims was
and how the successors to Muhammad
would be determined. The third
movement in Islam is “Sufi”
87%
10%
3%
Sales
SUNNI SHIA SUFI

SUNNI MUSLIMS
● Also known as “Ahl as-Sunnah” or “people
of the tradition of Muhammad” the
largest denominations, around 87%-89%
of the entirety of Islam beleivers.
● The Sunnis (“Followers of the Smooth
Path”)
● Traditionalist and are considered the
orthodox of Islam.
● Believe that any Muslim can be ruler.
● They believe that the first four caliphs
namely: Abu Bakr, Umar Uthman, and Ali
were the rightful successors to
Muhammad.

Shia Muslims ● Shia Muslims constitute around 10-20% of the
believers of Islam and are considered as the
second largest denominations.
● Shia Mulsims believe that the prophet
Muhammad appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib as his
successor.
● Shia Muslims believe that a Mahdi (Twelfth
Imam) will come to destroy the faithless and to
restore the faithful and to protect the message
of Muhammad.

SUFI
MUSLIMS
 Muslims whose concern mainly dwell for a mystical
union with God.
 Sufism believe in the “spiritual” aspect of Islam,
strive to experience the divine
 Sufis find divine love and knowledge through direct
personal experience of Allah.

Three Major Sects of Islam
Religion
Description Differences Similarities
Sunni
Shi’a
Sufi

SELECTED ISSUES
ON ISLAM
GENDER INEQUALITY
MILITANT ISLAM
MIGRATION

GENDER INEQUALITY
Refers to the unequal treatment or perceptions
of individuals based on their gender.
Muslims point out
the foundations for
gender equality
established in
religious doctrine.
Quran explicitly
promotes gender
equality. (Qur’an
33:35)
Islam gave women:
the right to inherit
property, the right to own
and manage it individually
and independently
The right to seek
dissolution of her
marriage and remarry
Gave independent legal
status

Militant Islam
Muslims groups or individuals
who use “particular
interpretations of the Qu’ran and
Hadith” to justify violent acts to
pursue Islamic goals.
Those who profess Islamism embrace
an ideology wherein Islam should
guide the social and political as well as
personal life of man.
Militant Islamism are dictated by
ideology as well as by historical events
and political opportunities and
opportunism.

Migration
Hijra as a religious terminology which
means “to move from a non-Muslim
place of abode to a place where there is
a presence of Islam.
Muslims migration is not only an act of
transferring from one location to next but an
event that has repercussion to their Islamic
faith.

ISLAMIC RELIGION _historical background and religious beliefs

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