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![TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
Drawn by using True scale Drawn by using Isometric scale
( True dimensions ) ( Reduced dimensions )
D
4
3
H
S
TH 2 C H
NG 4
LE
E
RU
T 1 3
2 THS
NG
. LE CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE.
0 OM From point A, with line AB draw 300 and
1 IS
450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD.
450 Mark divisions of true length and from
0 300
A B each division-point draw vertical lines
Isometric scale [ Line AC ] upto AC line.
The divisions thus obtained on AC
required for Isometric Projection give lengths on isometric scale.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/isometric-120502222046-phpapp02/75/Isometric-3-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byKashyap Shah
Isometric
The document discusses isometric drawings, a type of three-dimensional projection where all dimensions are shown in one view with equal angles. It outlines the purpose of isometric projection in understanding the shape, size, and appearance of objects before production, detailing essential terms such as isometric axes, lines, planes, and scales. Various construction methods for isometric views of shapes, including cubes, pyramids, and cylinders, are also described, emphasizing the conversion of true lengths into isometric lengths using an isometric scale.
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Isometric
- 1. ISOMETRIC DRAWING TYPICAL CONDITION. IT IS A TYPE OF PICTORIAL PROJECTION IN THIS 3-D DRAWING OF AN OBJECT, IN WHICH ALL THREE DIMENSIONS OF ALL THREE DIMENSIONAL AXES ARE AN OBJECT ARE SHOWN IN ONE VIEW AND MENTAINED AT EQUAL INCLINATIONS IF REQUIRED, THEIR ACTUAL SIZES CAN BE WITH EACH OTHER.( 1200) MEASURED DIRECTLY FROM IT. 3-D DRAWINGS CAN BE DRAWN NOW OBSERVE BELOW GIVEN DRAWINGS. IN NUMEROUS WAYS AS SHOWN BELOW. ONE CAN NOTE SPECIFIC INCLINATION ALL THESE DRAWINGS MAY BE CALLED AMONG H, L & D AXES. 3-DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS, ISO MEANS SAME, SIMILAR OR EQUAL. OR PHOTOGRAPHIC HERE ONE CAN FIND OR PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. EDUAL INCLINATION AMONG H, L & D AXES. HERE NO SPECIFIC RELATION EACH IS 1200 INCLINED WITH OTHER TWO. AMONG H, L & D AXES IS MENTAINED. HENCE IT IS CALLED ISOMETRIC DRAWING L H H H PURPOSE OF ISOMETRIC DRAWING IS TO UNDERSTAND OVERALL SHAPE, SIZE & APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT PRIOR TO ITāS PRODUCTION.
- 2. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS: ISOMETRICAXES, LINES AND PLANES: The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making 1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes. A The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines. The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes. H ISOMETRIC SCALE: When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally inclined to observerās eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths. This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.) It forms a reducing scale which Is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale. In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes. This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described on next page.
- 3. TYPES OF ISOMETRICDRAWINGS ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION Drawn by using True scale Drawn by using Isometric scale ( True dimensions ) ( Reduced dimensions ) D 4 3 H S TH 2 C H NG 4 LE E RU T 1 3 2 THS NG . LE CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE. 0 OM From point A, with line AB draw 300 and 1 IS 450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD. 450 Mark divisions of true length and from 0 300 A B each division-point draw vertical lines Isometric scale [ Line AC ] upto AC line. The divisions thus obtained on AC required for Isometric Projection give lengths on isometric scale.
- 4. 1 SHAPE Isometric view if the Shape is ISOMETRIC OF F.V. or T.V. D PLANE FIGURES H RECTANGLE D A D A L AS THESE ALL ARE L C D 2-D FIGURES C WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO A ISOMETRIC AXES. B C B B IF THE FIGURE IS B FRONT VIEW, H & L H TRIANGLE 3 B AXES ARE REQUIRED. 1 L B 1 3 L IF THE FIGURE IS TOP A D A VIEW, D & L AXES ARE 3 REQUIRED. 1 2 A 2 2 Shapes containing 4 Inclined lines should PENTAGON H E be enclosed in a 1 E 4 1 D 4 rectangle as shown. D E Then first draw isom. A D A D L of that rectangle and L 1 3 then inscribe that 3 A C C shape as it is. 2 B B C 3 B 2 2
- 5. STUDY 2 Z ILLUSTRATIONS DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV. FIRST ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE. ITāS ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW. THEN USE H & L AXES FOR ISOMETRIC B WHEN IT IS FRONT VIEW. FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS METHOD SHOWN HERE. STUDY IT. 2 2 C 4 A B 3 4 3 A 1 D C D 1
- 6. 3 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS 25 R DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE FIGURE SHOWN WITH DIMENTIONS (ON RIGHT SIDE) CONSIDERING IT FIRST AS F.V. AND THEN T.V. 50 MM IF FRONT VIEW 100 MM IF TOP VIEW
- 7. ISOMETRIC SHAPE IF F.V. IF T.V. 4 OF PLANE FIGURES HEXAGON AS THESE ALL ARE 2-D FIGURES WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO ISOMETRIC AXES. CIRCLE IF THE FIGURE IS FRONT VIEW, H & L AXES ARE REQUIRED. IF THE FIGURE IS TOP VIEW, D & L For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct Rhombus AXES ARE REQUIRED. of sides equal to Diameter of circle always. ( Ref. topic ENGG. CURVES.) SEMI CIRCLE For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct it of sides equal to diameter of circle always. ( Ref. Previous two pages.)
- 8. 5 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P. (Height is added from center of pentagon) ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID STANDING ON H.P. 4 4 D D E E D L D L 1 3 1 3 A C A C B 2 B 2
- 9. 6 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS ISOMETRIC VIEW OF PENTAGONALL PRISM LYING ON H.P. 4 H E 1 D A L 3 C B 2 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF HEXAGONAL PRISM STANDING ON H.P.
- 10. 7 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P. CYLINDER LYING ON H.P.
- 11. 8 STUDY Z HALF CYLINDER ILLUSTRATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ( ON ITāS SEMICIRCULAR BASE) HALF CYLINDER LYING ON H.P. ( with flat face // to H.P.)
- 12. 9 STUDY ISOMETRIC VIEW OF Z A FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID ILLUSTRATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ON ITāS LARGER BASE. 60 FV X Y 40 20 TV
- 13. STUDY 10 ILLUSTRATION PROJECTIONS OF FRUSTOM OF ISOMETRIC VIEW PENTAGONAL PYRAMID ARE GIVEN. OF FRUSTOM OF PENTAGONAL PYRAMID DRAW ITāS ISOMETRIC VIEW. SOLUTION STEPS: 60 60 FV 20 FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF ITāS BASE. x y THEN DRAWSAME SHAPE AS TOP, 60 MM ABOVE THE E 1 4 BASE PENTAGON CENTER. A THEN REDUCE THE TOP TO 20 MM SIDES AND JOIN WITH TV 40 20 D THE PROPER BASE CORNERS. B 40 2 3 C
- 14. ISOMETRIC VIEW OF 11 STUDY A FRUSTOM OF CONE Z ILLUSTRATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ON ITāS LARGER BASE. 60 FV X Y 40 20 TV
- 15. PROBLEM: A SQUAREPYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 12 STUDY 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A Z ILLUSTRATIONS CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR. 50 30 50
- 16. 13 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS c PROBLEM: A TRIANGULAR PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM a LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED o ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM p a LONG EDGES. b DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR. o c p b SOLUTION HINTS. TO DRAW ISOMETRIC OF A CUBE IS SIMPLE. DRAW IT AS USUAL. BUT FOR PYRAMID AS ITāS BASE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE, IT CAN NOT BE DRAWN DIRECTLY.SUPPORT OF ITāS TV IS REQUIRED. SO DRAW TRIANGLE AS A TV, SEPARATELY AND NAME VARIOUS POINTS AS SHOWN. AFTER THIS PLACE IT ON THE TOP OF CUBE AS SHOWN. THEN ADD HEIGHT FROM ITāS CENTER AND COMPLETE ITāS ISOMETRIC AS SHOWN.
- 17. 14 STUDY PROBLEM: Z ILLUSTRATIONS A SQUARE PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A CYLINDER WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITāS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW. FV 30 10 30 30 D 50 + 50 TV
- 18. 15 STUDY PROBLEM: Z ILLUSTRATIONS A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITāS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW. FV 30 10 30 40 SQUARE 60 D TV
- 19. 16 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 10 20 40 FV 40 X Y TV 50 D 30 D
- 20. STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE 17 450 r n R io ct r re r 300 R Di r o- Is Isom. Scale P C r r R C R TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION R OF A HEMISPHERE P r P Adopt same procedure. C = Center of Sphere. Draw lower semicircle only. Then around āCā construct P = Point of contact Rhombus of Sides equal to R = True Radius of Sphere Isometric Diameter. r = Isometric Radius. For this use iso-scale. Then construct ellipse in TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE this Rhombus as usual 1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. And Complete 2. LOCATE ITāS CENTER. NAME IT P. Isometric-Projection 3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH ā r mmā of Hemi-sphere. AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE āCā 4. āCā AS CENTER, WITH RADIUS āRā DRAW CIRCLE. THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.
- 21. PROBLEM: 18 STUDY A HEMI-SPHERE IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A FRUSTOM OF CONE. Z ILLUSTRATIONS DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY. r 50 D R r 30 D r 50 P 50 D FIRST CONSTRUCT ISOMETRIC SCALE. USE THIS SCALE FOR ALL DIMENSIONS IN THIS PROBLEM. 450 R r 300
- 22. 19 STUDY A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 40 MM BASE SIDES AND 60 MM AXIS Z ILLUSTRATIONS IS CUT BY AN INCLINED SECTION PLANE THROUGH THE MID POINT OF AXIS AS SHOWN.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SECTION OF PYRAMID. 3ā 4ā 4 3 1ā2ā X Y 1 a d 1 4 2 o 3 b 2 c
- 23. 20 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 50 O X Y 20 25 O 25 20
- 24. 21 STUDY Z F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. ILLUSTRATIONS 35 FV 35 10 x y O 10 20 30 40 70 TV O
- 25. 22 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. FV 30 10 30 SV 30 10 30 x y ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL TV
- 26. 24 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV x y 10 40 60 40 TV 60
- 27. F.V. & T.V.and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 25 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV x y 10 40 60 40 TV 60
- 28. 26 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW 20 20 20 x y O 50 20 30 O 20 20 20 TOP VIEW
- 29. 27 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 30 SQUARE 40 20 50 20 10 O 30 60 F.V. S.V. O
- 30. 28 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. FV 40 10 O 30 D 45 10 50 O 80 TV
- 31. 29 STUDY F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. Z ILLUSTRATIONS FV 40 X O 10 Y 100 10 25 TV 10 30 10 25 30 R O 20 D
- 32. 30 STUDY F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. Z ILLUSTRATIONS 30 FV RECT. SLOT 10 50 35 10 X Y O 20 D TV 60 D 30 D O
- 33. 31 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 10 25 15 25 40 10 25 25 O O 80 25 F.V. S.V.
- 34. F.V. & T.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 32 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS 450 30 FV 40 X Y O 30 D 40 TV 15 40 O
- 35. 33 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. HEX PART 30 20 20 40 20 O 50 20 15 O 30 100 60
- 36. 34 STUDY F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. Z ILLUSTRATIONS 20 40 F.V. 30 10 X Y O 10 30 10 30 O 80 T.V.
- 37. F.V. and S.V.ofan object are given. 35 Draw itās isometric view. STUDY 10 10 15 Z ILLUSTRATIONS 25 25 X Y O 50 10 FV LSV 36 NOTE THE SMALL CHZNGE IN 2ND FV & SV. DRAW ISOMETRIC ACCORDINGLY. 10 X Y O FV LSV
- 38. 37 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 30 20 10 20 15 10 15 O 15 30 15 X O Y 50 F.V. LEFT S.V.
- 39. 38 STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw itās isometric view. 30 10 60 30 O O 40 40 F.V. S.V.