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Isometric projection
The document discusses isometric projection, which is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical drawings. It defines key terms like isometric axes and lines. The steps for constructing an isometric projection are outlined, including defining the axes and adding details to blocks. Various types of objects that can be drawn using isometric projection are described, such as those with normal, oblique, or curved surfaces. Circles are approximated as ellipses, while curved lines use a series of offset points.
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Isometric projection
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- 2. Isometric Projection • Isometricprojection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angles between any two of them are 120 degrees.
- 3. Isometric Terminology • Thethree coordinate axes are called isometric axes • Any line parallel to isometric axes is called isometric line • A non-isometric line is a line not parallel to any one of the three isometric axis • In isometric projection of cube, the faces of the cube and any plane parallel to them is called isometric planes
- 4. Isometric Scale • Truelengths of the edges of the object are equally foreshortened • Correct isometric projection can be drawn using an isometric scale (always smaller than ordinary scale)
- 5. Isometric Drawing • IsometricProjection: Drawing prepared with isometric scale on isometric axes Isometric Drawing: Drawing prepared with ordinary scale on isometric axes
- 6. Steps for constructionof Isometric : Step 1 Isometric sketches begin with defining isometric axes, three lines, one vertical and two drawn at 30° from the horizontal.
- 7. Step 2 Three linesof the isometric axes represent the three primary dimensions of the object: width, height, and depth
- 8. Step 3 Draw therest of the isometric block.
- 9. Step 4 Add detailsto the block starting from the front face. Then add details to the other faces.
- 10. Step 5 Darken allvisible lines to complete the isometric sketch. (make sure that construction lines are light)
- 11. • Axonometric projectionshows all 3 dimensions, length, width and height. • The isometric lines are only drawn to scale. Objects composed entirely of isometric lines can be drawn by taking all measurements parallel to main edges of the enclosing box. • Non-isometric lines are drawn by transferring the ordinates (which are on isometric lines) of the end of the lines • Inclined and oblique surfaces are drawn using end coordinates. Box construction and offset measurements are common methods • In an isometric drawing, an angle never appears in its true size. Angles, irregular curves require special techniques
- 12. Objects with NormalSurfaces Make an Isometric Drawing with corner A at the bottom
- 14. Objects with ObliqueSurfaces • Make an Isometric Drawing with corner A at the bottom
- 16. Objects with Non-isometricLines • Make an Isometric Drawing with apex A facing front
- 17. Non-isometric lines aredrawn with box construction and offset measurements Non-isometric lines are not drawn in true length in isometric drawing (BA is shorter than CA in this drawing)
- 18. Irregular Objects • Makean Isometric Drawing of the following irregular object (pyramid)
- 19. • OA andOB offsets help to locate apex O • Complete box construction may not be needed in each case
- 20. Objects with CircularGeometry •A circle in a orthographic projection will appear as an ellipse in an isometric drawing. •Instead of actual ellipses often approximate ellipses are drawn for isometric drawing. •Four-centre ellipses are used to approximate ellipses on isometric planes. How to draw four-centre ellipse???
- 21. •Draw the isometriccentre lines of the circle. Using the centre lines, draw an isometric square with sides equal to the diameter of the circle. •From the near corners of the box, draw two large arcs with radius R, using the two red points as centres. •Draw the two smaller arcs with radius r, using two green points as centres.
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- 23. Objects with CircularGeometry
- 24. Objects with Non-CircularCurved Surfaces • Make an Isometric Drawing of the following curved object
- 25. •A line thatappears as a noncircular curve in a normal orthographic view of an object appears as a non-isometric line in an isometric drawing. •Curves may be drawn using a series of points by measuring along the normal lines in the orthographic view (offset measurements) and transferring these points on isometric drawing. Accuracy increases with number of points.
- 26. Presented By Enrollment No.Name 130170111090 RANA ABHIMANYU S. 130170111091 RATHAWA JAYDEVSINH 130170111092 RATHOR VIJENDRASINGH R. 130170111094 RATHWA VIKAS P. 130170111090 RUDRA PAWAN M.
- 27. Hope you enjoyedour presentation. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- #5 AEBO is isometric, cube is rotated to obtain AE’BO’ (actual face of cube)
- #6 Compared to isometric projection, Isometric drawing has a chunkier overall impression
- #13 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #14 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #16 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #18 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #20 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #24 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object
- #26 Hidden detail is omitted unless it is necessary to show shape of object