![FOOTNOTES:
[1] 1 Cor. xiii. 1-3.
[2] We had intended to give a brief outline of what the church has
done from time to time for the various forms of human want, but
found we could not do so in the present article without departing
from the diversified character essential to a magazine. Such a
sketch of the efforts made by the church, during her long history,
to alleviate physical suffering, and for the moral elevation of the
race, would almost be a history of the church itself, inasmuch as
the poor have always been her heritage, in accordance with our
Lord’s words. To the Catholic reader this would have been
unnecessary; and if this reference serves the purpose of inducing
the candid non-Catholic to look into the record, a desirable end
will have been accomplished.
[3] Constitution of U. S., Art. 1, of Amendments.
[4] Kent, ii. 24.
[5] Story on the Constitution, ii. 661.
[6] Report of Special Committee, p. 17.
[7] Monthly Record, p. 285.
[8] Catholic Review, January 11, 1873.
[9] Twelfth Annual Report, p. 12.
[10] See Half a Century with Juvenile Delinquents. By the Chaplain
of the House of Refuge, Rev Mr. Pierce.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-46-320.jpg)
![[11] Nineteenth Annual Report, p. 12.
[12] Blackstone’s Com., part. i, p. 137.
[13] Sunday Mercury, June 23, 1872.
[14] Investigation into the Management of the Providence Reform
School, made by the Board of Aldermen, under the direction of
the City Council of the City of Providence, 1869.
[15]
“Indico legno, lucido e sereno:”
Whatever kind of richly tinted wood is referred to in this
passage, lucid and serene do not seem very descriptive epithets,
applied to wood, and it is not much after the manner of Dante to
qualify any object with two vague adjectives. As he is presenting
an assemblage of the most beautiful and striking colors, and
since we do not imagine (as Mr. Ruskin suggests) that by “Indico
legno” he could have meant indigo, it seems most natural that he
should have mentioned blue. We have therefore ventured to
translate as if the verse were written, “Indico legno, lucido
sereno.” In a preceding Canto (V.) the poet has used sereno in
the same way, without the article—“fender sereno” also in Canto
XXIX., v. 53:
“Più chiaro assai che Luna per sereno.”
—Trans.
[16] A name given in derision to the German nation.
[17] One of the martyrs omitted by Foxe.
[18] The Fuller Worthies’ Library. The Complete Poems of Robert
Southwell, S.J., for the first time fully collected, and collated with
the original and early editions and MSS., and enlarged with
hitherto unprinted and inedited poems from MSS. at Stonyhurst
College, Lancashire. Edited, with Memorial Introduction and
Notes, by the Rev. Alexander H. Grosart, St. George’s, Blackburn,
Lancashire. London: Printed for private circulation (156 copies
only). 1872.
[19] Turnbull, p. xvi.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-47-320.jpg)
![[20] The Condition of Catholics under James I. Father Gerard’s
narrative. London. 1872.
[21] So printed in Strype.
[22] Topcliffe here describes what he facetiously likens to a
Tremshemarn trick with great delicacy. It was, in fact, a piece of
horrible torture, by which the prisoner was hung up for whole
days by the hands so that he could just touch the ground with
the tips of his toes.
[23] See Annals of the Reformation, Strype, Oxford, 1824 ed., vol.
vii. p. 185. If the reader has any curiosity to see more remarkable
proof of the infamy of this man, Topcliffe, he may peruse another
letter in Strype, vol. vii. p. 53.
[24] He was afterwards condemned and executed as a traitor.
[25] For this and many other cases see, Martyrs Omitted by Foxe.
London. 1872. Compiled by a member of the English Church.
With a preface by the Rev. Frederick George Lee, D.C.L., F.S.A.,
Vicar of All Saints’, Lambeth.
[26] Retrospective Review, vol. iv., 1821, p. 270.
[27] Specimens of the Early English Poets, first edition, vol. ii. p.
166.
[28] Vol. i. p. 644, fourth edition.
[29] Notes of Ben Jonson’s Conversations with William Drummond
of Hawthornden, p. 13.
[30] Here are seven of its seventeen stanzas:
Enough, I reckon wealth;
A mean the surest lot,
That lies too high for base contempt,
Too low for envy’s shot.
My wishes are but few,
All easy to fulfil,
I make the limits of my power
The bounds unto my will.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-48-320.jpg)
![I feel no care of coyne,
Well-doing is my wealth;
My mind to me an empire is,
While grace affordeth health.
I clip high-climbing thoughts,
The wings of swelling pride;
Their fall is worst, that from the height
Of greatest honors slide.
Spare diet is my fare,
My clothes more fit than fine;
I know I feed and clothe a foe
That, pampered, would repine.
To rise by others’ fall
I deem a losing gain;
All states with others’ ruins built,
To ruin run amain.
No change of Fortune’s calms
Can cast my comforts down;
When Fortune smiles, I smile to think
How quickly she will frown.
[31] This was a German Reformer who died in 1551. His name was
Kuhhorn (Cowshorn), but, after the fashion of that day, he
Greekified it into Bous (ox) and Keras (horn): the same as
Melanchthon, another German Reformer, changed his name from
Schwarzed (black earth).
[32] Abbots were then, as Bishops are now, Members of the House
of Lords.
[33] Some of these “foundations” were made up with Secular
Priests, who had pensions to say Masses for the souls of the
founders.
[34] “Premunire” is a punishment inflicted by Statute, and consists
of the offender’s being out of the Queen’s protection, forfeiting
his lands and goods, and imprisoned during the pleasure of the
Monarch.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-49-320.jpg)
![[35] “That which is most divine in the heart of man never finds
utterance for want of words to express it. The soul is infinite [this
is saying too much: it is one thing to be infinite, and another to
have a sense of the infinite], and language consists only of a
limited number of signs perfected by use as a means of
communication among the vulgar.”—Lamartine, Preface des
Premières Meditations.
[36] As we are not without experience in the management of
children, we cannot agree with our contributor in the proposed
banishment of the rod from the nursery, however much we may
prefer moral suasion when found effectual.—Ed. C. W.
[37] Canadian snow-shoes.
[38] Breviary.
[39] The ex-voto spoken of in the beginning of our story represents
this scene.
[40] Cap worn by the peasantry.
[41] Luke xvi. 9.
[42] “A great politician is dead!”
[43] “This will be a dangerous spirit.”
[44] Land of the Veda. By Rev. Dr. Butler.
[45] Papers relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States,
transmitted to Congress with the Annual Message of the
President, December 4, 1871.
[46] British Blue-Book. China, No. 3, 1871.
[47] Evolution of Life. By Henry C. Chapman, M.D. Philadelphia: J.
B. Lippincott & Co. 1873.
[48] See Dublin Review, July, 1871.
[49] Hugonis Floriacensis de Regia Potestate lib. i. 4 ap. Baluze
Miscell. ii.
[50] Petr. Blesens, Epist. lxxxvi.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-50-320.jpg)
![[51] S. Francis de Sales, Bishop and Prince of Geneva. Rivingtons:
London, Oxford, and Cambridge.
[52] “Drink water out of thy own cistern, and the streams of thy
own well; let thy fountains be conveyed abroad, and in the
streets divide thy waters.”—Proverbs v. 15,16.
[53] The title of his bishopric, by which Francis de Sales was then
generally known in Paris.
[54] “J’ai ajouté beaucoup de petites chosettes,” he said. “Petites
chosettes” is almost untranslatable in its deprecating modesty.
[55] In 1656, forty editions had already appeared.
[56] “Il met force sucre et force miel au bord du vase.”
[57] See Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française. Préface de M.
Villemain. He says: “En 1637, l’Académie avait discuté longtemps
sur la méthode à suivre pour dresser un Dictionnaire qui fût
comme le trésor et le magasin des termes simples et des phrases
reçues. Puis, elle s’était occupée du choix des auteurs qui avaient
écrit le plus purement notre langue, et dont les passages seraient
insérés dans le Dictionnaire. C’étaient pour la prose”—and he
then gives a list of authors, as above indicated.
[58] A translator—a traitor.
[59] Pallavicini, History of the Council of Trent, b. vi. ch. xi. No. 4.
[60] See Renan’s Vie de Jésus, Introduction; also, Albert Réville,
Revue des Deux Mondes, for May and June, 1866.
[61] Pallavicini, History of the Council of Trent, b. vi. ch. xi. Leplat,
Monum. Conc. Trid., vol. iii. p. 386 et seq.
[62] M. de Pressensé means the deutero-canonical books of the Old
Testament. Deutero-canonical and apocryphal are by no means
synonymous. The authenticity of the deutero-canonical books has
been demonstrated sufficiently often within three centuries to
prevent a writer, with any respect for himself, from alluding to
them as apocryphal.
[63] We wish M. de Pressensé would be kind enough to inform us
what Fathers of the IId and IIId centuries have questioned the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-51-320.jpg)
![origin of the Gospel according to S. Matthew. We are well aware
that French rationalists have borrowed the German idea of a
primitive Gospel, which, perhaps, served as a basis for the other
abridgments. The promoters of this system are Eichorn,
Eckermann, Gieseler, Credner, and Ewald, in Germany; in France,
Messrs. Réville and Renan have lent to it the support of their
names. They have endeavored to support it by one or two words
of Papias, which by no means prove so strange an assertion.
Where are the Fathers of the IId and IIId centuries who had any
doubt as to the authenticity of the first Gospel? As to the Epistle
to the Hebrews, we wish M. de Pressensé would read a few
pages on this question by the Rev. Père Franzelin, in his able
treatise, De Traditione et Scriptura. He would see how little doubt
the Fathers of the first ages had respecting this epistle. Some, on
account of the absence of S. Paul’s name, and the difference of
style, have doubted it was by the doctor of nations, but all the
Fathers, unless we except two or three of the least known,
invariably asserted its canonicity. For it is one thing to doubt
whether S. Paul was the author of this epistle and another that it
is of the number of inspired books.
[64] Histoire du Concile du Vatican, p. 283.
[65] Pressensé, Histoire du Concile du Vatican, ch. xi.
[66] Hist. Revelat. Bibl., Auct. D. Haneberg, p. 774.
[67] Sess. XIV. De Extr. Unct., c. i. can. i.
[68] Défense de la Tradition des SS. Pères.—Instruction sur la
Version de Trévoux.
[69] Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and Superstitions
Interpreted by Comparative Mythology. By John Fiske, M.A., LL.B.,
Assistant Librarian and Late Lecturer on Philosophy at Harvard
University.
[70] Page 122.
[71] Tob. ii. 19.
[72] Eccl. xvii. 5.
[73] Ibid. xxvi. 3, 16.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-52-320.jpg)
![[74] Prov. xix. 15.
[75] Levit. xxv. 39, 40, 53.
[76] Numb. xxx. 10.
[77] Deut. xv. 12-14.
[78] Acts. xvi. 14, 15.
[79] Ibid. xvi. 40.
[80] Rom. xvi. 1, 2.
[81] Judith viii. 7.
[82] Prov. xxxi. 10-31.
[83] “Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so trim.”—Modern editions of
Romeo and Juliet.
[84] White’s Shakespeare’s Scholar, 371, 372.
[85] See note 2, as to “Abraham-men,” in King Lear, Singer’s
Edition, act ii. sc. iii.
[86] Satires, b. iii. sat. 5.
[87] Perusing, while this article is in the press, Thackeray’s
ingenious story of Catherine, we observe that he describes one of
his characters (in the year 1705) as wearing “an enormous full-
bottomed periwig that cost him sixty pounds.”
[88] Cook’s Voyages, vi. 61.
[89] Browne’s British Pastorals, b i. s. v.
[90] Hamlet (song), act iv. sc. v.
[91] Fawkes, Apollonius Rhodius. The Argonautics, b. iii.
[92] Sir M. Sandys’ Essays (1634), p 16.
[93] Anthon’s Classical Dictionary.
[94] Keightley’s Mythology, 112.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-53-320.jpg)
![[95] Redgauntlet, i., pp. 219, 220. Ticknor & Co.’s edition.
[96] Spectator, 129.
[97] Notes to Dunciad, b. i. p. 260. British Poets, Little & Brown’s
ed.
[98] “The Fair One with the Golden Locks” was a Christmas piece
produced on the stage in London, in 1843. See Planché’s
Recollections, etc., ii. 67.
[99] In Thackeray’s Catherine, already quoted, a character appears
with “a little shabby beaver cocked over a large tow-periwig.” Still
further on he tells us that one of his principal personages
“mounted a large chestnut-colored orange-scented pyramid of
horse-hair.” Indeed, we have reason to believe that the judges
and the bar in England still wear wigs manufactured out of the
latter article.
[100] To show, by a further instance, the employment of another
article than hair for the manufacture in question some time ago.
Thackeray, in his Book of Snobs, chapter xxxiv., tells us of a
London “coachman in a tight silk-floss wig.”
[101] 2 Henry VI., iv. 8.
[102] A sum estimated at about seven million francs of modern
money.
[103] Fearless and stainless.
[104] Gilt door.
[105] “A guarded prisoner is not bound by any oath, nor can he be
held to any vow made under compulsion.”
[106] For the preceding articles of this series, the reader is referred
to The Catholic World for December, 1868, and June, 1870.
[107] See Myvyrian, vol. i. p. 150.
[108] Trioed inis Prydain, vol. iii. s. 1.
[109] Myvyrian.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-54-320.jpg)
![[110] De Schismate Donatistarum, lib. iii. c. 2.
[111] De Civ. Dei, lib. xviii. c. 23.
[112] “We read everywhere that this world is a sea.”
[113] Gal. iii.; John xv. 16.
[114] Minucius Felix, Octav., c. 9.; Justin, Dialogicum Tryph., c. 10;
Athenagoras, Legatio, c. 3. etc.
[115] In ancient usage, the Holy Eucharist was put into the hands
of the Christians.
[116] Maurus Wolter, The Roman Catacombs, and the Sacraments
of the Catholic Church, p. 28.
[117] Overbeck, History of Greek Plastic Art, ii. 29.
[118] “Nihil præter Catholicam fidem, et quidquid Sancta Romana
Ecclesia approbat, a me unquam prolatum est, cujus castigationi
semper me subjeci, et quoties oportuerit iterum atque iterum me
subjicio.... Manifeste apparebit, an ego hæresium, quod absit, an
Catholicæ veritatis sim disseminator.”
“No word of mine can be produced against Catholic faith or
against whatever is approved by the Catholic Church, to whose
correction I have always submitted, and, if need be, again and
for ever submit myself.... It will be made manifest whether I have
disseminated heresy—far be it from me—or Catholic truth.”
[119] La Storia di Girolamo Savonarola e de’ suoi Tempi, Narrata da
Pasquale Villari con l’Aiuto di Nuovi Documenti. Firenze. 1859.
[120] The original is very picturesque: “A ciò ch’el diavolo non mi
salti sopra le spalle.”
[121] He ruled from 1469 to 1492.
[122] “Egli secondò il secolo in tutte le sue tendenze: di corrotto
che era, lo fece corrottissimo.” “He helped forward the period in
all its tendencies,” says Villari. “From corrupt he made it most
corrupt.”
[123] M. Perrens and Dean Milman both express some doubt as to
this fact, but we prefer to follow Villari, whose explanation of the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-55-320.jpg)
![matter is satisfactory.
[124] Here are his own words: “E mi rammento come predicando
nel Duomo l’anno 1491, ed avendo già composto il mio sermone
sopra questi visioni, deliberai di sopprimerle e nell’avvenire
astenerme affatto. Iddio mi è testimonio, che tutto il giorno di
sabato e l’intera notte sino alla nuove luce, io vegliai; ed ogni
altra via, ogni dottrina fuori di quella, mi fu tolta. In sull’alba,
essendo per la lunga vigilia stanco ed abbattuto, udii, mentre io
pregava, una voce che mi disse: Stolto, non vedi che Iddio vuole
che tu sequiti la medesima via? Perchè io feci quel giorno una
predica tremenda.”
[125] The original is, “Avendo perduto ogni fiducia degli uomini,”
which the English Protestant translator (London, 1871) renders,
“He had lost all confidence in the priests.”
[126] We have followed Villari in the account of this interview. M.
Perrens questions its authenticity for several very good reasons.
If it was a confession, no one would know anything about it. But
it is claimed by some that it was merely a consultation on a case
of conscience, and that Politian was an ocular though not an
auricular witness. If such an interview took place, we should be
inclined to admit Villari’s account of it only on the latter
hypothesis.
[127] Master of the Hounds.
[128] Pavilion of Stoves.
[129] Comedian.
[130] Tragedian.
[131] 2 Thess. ii. 4.
[132] Job. x. 22.
[133] No. 360 of the journal Il Precursore, of Palermo, dared lately
to apply to the Sovereign Pontiff Pius IX. the names sacristan-
pontiff, blockhead, dullard, swindler, huckster, dotard, and other
epithets so coarse that the pen refuses to transcribe them. But
the Italian Exchequer, notwithstanding the law which declares the
Pope to be as inviolable as the king, found nothing to say against](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-56-320.jpg)
![this foul sheet. And the government pretends that the so-called
law of guarantees is scrupulously observed by it. We appeal to
the common sense, not of Christians, but of persons simply not
barbarians like the Hottentots.
[134] Apoc. ii. 16.
[135] “Sunt quatuor persecutiones principales: prima tyrannorum,
secunda hæreticorum, tertia falsorum Christianorum, quarta erit
ex omnibus conflata, quæ erit Antichristi et suorum complicium.
Et hæ designatæ sunt in quatuor bestiis quas vidit Daniel.”—S.
Bonav. in cap. xvii. Lucæ. Again, see Ugone card. sup. Psal. liv.
[136] 2 Timothy iii. 1-4.
[137] Osservatore Romano, Jan. 8, 1873.
[138] Rev. John Henry Newman.
[139] The opinions of the Abbé Gaume are generally regarded by
the most competent judges of matters pertaining to the higher
Catholic education as exaggerated. We concur in this judgment,
which is, moreover, in accordance with the instructions on this
subject emanating from the Holy See. At the same time, we are
strongly convinced that there is a very considerable amount of
truth in the criticisms of the Abbé Gaume on the actual method of
education even in strictly Catholic colleges, and that it needs to
be made more Christian.—Ed. C. W.
[140] It may well be doubted whether this was a real advantage.—
Ed. C. W.
[141] Hieronymus Savonarola und seine Zeit. Aus den Quellen
dargestellt. Von A. G. Rudelbach. Hamburg. 1835.
[142] Girolamo Savonarola, aus grösstentheils Handschriftlichen
Quelten dargestellt. Von Fr. Karl Meier. Berlin. 1836.
[143] This passage certainly does not prove Savonarola to have
been a great philosopher.—Ed. C. W.
[144] Translated in England more than two hundred years ago. The
Truth of the Christian Faith; or, The Triumph of the Cross of
Christ. By Hier. Savonarola. Done into English out of the Author’s
own Italian copy, etc. Cambridge John Field, Printer to the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-57-320.jpg)
![University. There is also a modern translation by O’Dell Travers
Hill, F.R.G.S., a handsome edition. Hodder & Stoughton, London.
1868.
[145] “Seeing the whole world in confusion; every virtue and every
noble habit disappeared; no shining light; none ashamed of their
vices.”
[146] A precisely similar vision is described by Christopher
Columbus as having appeared to him in America when he was
abandoned by all his companions. The letter in which he speaks
of this vision is given by the rationalist Libri in his Histoire des
Sciences Mathématiques, and he justly describes it as one of the
most eloquent in Italian literature.
[147] Cicero says: “Fuit jam a Platone accepta philosophandi ratio
triplex: una de vita et moribus; altera de natura et rebus occultis;
tertia de disserendo, et quid verum, quid falsum, quid rectum in
oratione, pravumque, quid consentiens, quid repugnans,
judicando” (Acad. lib. i. 6). This division is still recognizable in our
modern logic, metaphysics, and ethics.
[148] Ex. xviii. 25.
[149] London Times, April 19.
[150] London Spectator.
[151] Saturday Review.
[152] London Spectator, April 26.
[153] This sentence, we wish to have it distinctly understood, is one
which we approve only in the sense that loyalty to the church
takes precedence of patriotism, but not that it is indifferent
whether a man is a patriot or not, provided he be a good
Catholic.—Ed. C. W.
[154] “I sleep and my Heart watcheth.”
[155] “I say, my Jesus, thou art mad with love.”—S. Mary Magdalen
of Pazzi.
[156] See The Catholic World, December, 1868.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-58-320.jpg)
![[157] I.e., Ill-gotten gain never profits. “Pol” is a contemptuous
name in Brittany for Satan, who is said to have horned hoofs
shod with silver, but he has always lost one of his shoes.
[158] The head of Morvan, after the battle, was taken to the monk
Witchar, who held on the Breton frontier an abbey, by permission
of the Frankish king.
[159] Lez-Breiz was slain A.D. 818. In seven years after that date,
Guionfarc’h, another of his family, arose, as a second Lez-Breiz,
to resist the encroachments of France, and maintain the
independence of Brittany.
[160] Ermold Nigel.
[161] This mystical plant was only to be plucked by the hand: if cut
with any blade of steel, misfortune of some kind was always
supposed to follow.
[162] Ablutions were anciently made before a repast at the sound
of a horn; thus “korna ann dour”—to horn the water.
[163] The balls (six) in the arms of the Medici.
[164] Discorso circa il Reggimento i Governo degli Stati e
Specialmente sopra il Governo di Firenze.
[165] O’Dell Travers Hill, F.R.G.S., author of a biographical sketch of
Savonarola, and translator of The Triumph of the Cross. London:
Hodder and Stoughton. 1858.
[166] The most conclusive proof of the orthodoxy of Savonarola’s
doctrine is found in the fact that his works, after a rigorous
official scrutiny at Rome, were pronounced free from any error of
faith or morals deserving censure.—Ed. C. W.
[167] Song of Solomon, i. 6.
[168] This pillar was destined by the first Napoleon for the
decoration of the triumphal arch at Milan, the intended
monument of his Italian victories. His fall frustrated the design.
Many years later, Wordsworth, while descending into Italy by the
Simplon Pass, came upon the unfinished mass as it lay half raised
from the Alpine quarry, and addressed to it his sublime sonnet
beginning:](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-59-320.jpg)
![“Ambition, following down the far-famed slope,”
and proceeding:
“Rest where thy course was stayed by power Divine.”
[169] Ann. l. iv. ch. xlvi.
[170] This article and the one in our May number are from the pens
of two distinct writers.
[171] The Expressions, etc., p. 12.
[172] Expressions, etc., p. 30.
[173] Gen. i. 24.
[174] Gen. i. 26.
[175] Gen. ii. 7.
[176] Tongiorgi, pars. ii. l. ii. c. iii. p. 292.
[177] Balmes, Fund. Phil., v. ii. c. ii.
[178] Ibid., v. ii. c. ii. p. 9.
[179] Ibid., v. ii. c. iii.
[180] Tong., l. iii. c. i.
[181] S. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, xix. 13.
[182] Cic., De Offic., i. 40.
[183] Histoire du Canada. Par M. F. X. Garneau, ii. 23.
[184] Chimney-swallow.
[185] Fact.
[186] A fact. She was never heard of afterwards.
[187] Horrible as this scene is, it is nevertheless perfectly true, even
in minutest detail.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-60-320.jpg)
![[188] Persons familiar with the Indian character well know their
thieving propensities.
[189] These reptiles were still so numerous in this part of the
country not many years ago that it was extremely dangerous to
leave the windows open in the evening. My mother related that,
while she was living at Sandwich with her father, one of the
domestics was imprudent enough to leave a window open.
During the evening, they had occasion to move a sideboard
which stood against the wall, and a large snake was discovered
behind it fast asleep. Another day, when playing truant, a snake
sprang upon her, and tried to bite her waist; but happily her
clothes were so thick that its fangs could not penetrate them.
While she ran in great terror, her companions called to her to
untie her skirt. And that advice saved her life.—Author.
[190] “Weep not for me.”
[191] “For the law of his God strove even unto death, and took no
fear from the words of the impious; for he was founded upon a
firm rock.”
[192] “Behold, I am with you all days, even to the end of the
world.”
[193] “A man of sorrows, and acquainted with infirmity.”
[194] To save disappointment to those who may desire to possess a
copy of the Memoirs of Bp. Bruté, we deem it proper to state that
the work is out of print, but that the author has intimated his
intention to publish a revised edition at some future day—of
which the public will doubtless be duly informed.—Ed. C. W.
[195] A nickname for Spaniards.
[196] Do your duty, come what will!
[197] “Nature, when driven off, returns at a gallop.”
[198] These lectures are delivered in the chapel of Jésus-Ouvrier,
on Mont Sainte-Geneviève, every Monday and Thursday. They
were commenced by the Catholic Circle of Workingmen, and have
been eminently successful.
[199] Mgr. Mermillod, La Question Ouvrière, p. 25.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-61-320.jpg)
![[200] Mgr. Mermillod.
[201] M. Ch. de Beaurepaire, Histoire de l’Instruction publique en
Normandie.
[202] Ch. de Beaurepaire, l. i.
[203] A fact.
[204] The reader will find this subject amplified, under some of its
aspects, in The Catholic World for Aug., 1872, article “Symbolism
of the Church.”
[205] We should surmise the circular shape to be no less symbolical
than the other facts, and to denote the eternity of the church.
[206] F. Mullooly, S. Clement, Pope and Martyr, and his Basilica at
Rome.
[207] Cæs. Comm.
[208] Josephus.
[209] “This image of the Druids is of a Moorish color, as are nearly
all the others in the church of Chartres. We suppose this to have
been done by the Druids and others who followed them, on the
presumptive complexion of the oriental people, who are exposed
more than we to the heat of the sun; for which reason the
Spouse in the Canticle of Canticles says that the sun has
discolored her, and that, although she is dark, she does not cease
to be beautiful. Nevertheless, Nicephorus, who had seen several
pictures of the Virgin taken by S. Luke from life, says that the
color of her countenance was σιτοχρόε, or the color of wheat.
This seems to mean the brown or chestnut color of wheat when
ripe.”
[210] “The Virgin was of middle height.... Her hair bordered on
gold, her eyes were bright and sparkling, with the pupils of an
olive color; her eyebrows arched, and of a black tinge, very
pleasing. Her nose was long, her lips bright red, her face neither
round nor sharp, but somewhat long; her hands and fingers
equally so. She was in all things modest and grave, speaking but
seldom and to the purpose; ready to listen to every one, affable
to all, honoring each according to their quality. She used a](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-62-320.jpg)
![becoming freedom of speech, without laughter and without
perturbation, without being moved to anger. She was exempt
from all pride, without lowering her dignity, and without
fastidiousness, and showing in all her actions great humility.”
[211] “The church of Chartres is the most ancient in our kingdom,
having been founded by prophecy in honor of the glorious Virgin
Mother before the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in
which the same glorious Virgin was worshipped during her
lifetime.”
[212] All’s Well that Ends Well, act ii. sc. iii.
[213] The mention of the name of Montalembert by the writer of
the present article gives us the occasion to make an explanation
which we think it proper to make, on account of some criticisms
that have been called forth by the manner in which we have
spoken of him in former articles. The eulogium which we give or
permit others to give this illustrious man in our pages by no
means implies any approbation of any opinions or acts of his in
sympathy with the party known by the sobriquet of “Liberal
Catholics.” These were deflections from a course which was in the
main orthodox and loyal, and it is not for these deflections that
we honor his memory, but for his virtues, merits, and services,
and the cordial submission to the authority of the Holy See at the
close of life, by which he effaced the memory of his faults.—Ed.
C. W.
[214] These facts are chiefly gathered from an article on Hawthorne
by Mr. Stoddard; but this anecdote is from a weekly publication,
to which we are also indebted for the incident in the life of Edgar
A. Poe.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/37101-250306171551-792f48d8/85/ITIL-For-Beginners-The-Complete-Beginner-s-Guide-to-ITIL-Clydebank-Technology-63-320.jpg)
ITIL For Beginners The Complete Beginner s Guide to ITIL Clydebank Technology
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- 7. ITIL The Complete Beginer’s Guide to ITIL Second Edition ITIL® is a registered trademark of AXELOS Limited, used under permission of AXELOS Limited.All rights reserved
- 8. Contents ACCESS YOUR FREE DIGITAL ASSETS INTRODUCTION A Brief History of ITIL Axelos – The ITIL Game Maker | 1 | UNDERSTANDING SERVICE MANAGEMENT Understanding the Relationship Between ITSM & ITIL Acclimating to ITSM & ITIL Terminologies The Meaning of Service | 2 | The ITIL Service lifecycle Processes in the ITIL Service Lifecycle | 3 | Service strategy ITSM or Strategy Management for IT Services Service Portfolio Management Financial Management of IT Services Demand Management Business Relationship Management | 4 | SERVICE DESIGN Design Coordination Service Catalog Management Service Level Management Risk Management Capacity Management Availability Management IT Service Continuity Management Information Security Management Supplier Management
- 9. Compliance Management (not an ITIL process) Architectural Management (not an ITIL process) Application Development & Customization (not an ITIL process) | 5 | SERVICE TRANSITION Change Management Change Evaluation Transition Planning & Support Release Deployment Management Service Validation & Testing Service Asset & Configuration Management Knowledge Management The Difference Between Data, Info, Knowledge & Wisdom | 6 | SERVICE OPERATION Event Management Incident Management Request Fulfillment Access Management Problem Management IT Operations Control (ITIL function) IT Facilities Management (ITIL function) ITIL Application Management (ITIL function) ITIL Technical Management (ITIL function) | 7 | CONTINUAL SERVICE IMPROVEMENT Service Review Process Evaluation Definition of CSI Initiatives Monitoring of CSI Initiatives | 8 | ITIL IN ACTION | 9 | A CASE FOR ITIL Pink Elephant
- 10. A Global Energy Group A Major University CONCLUSION GLOSSARY ABOUT CLYDEBANK Terms displayed in bold italic can be found defined in the glossary
- 11. BEFORE YOU START READING, DOWNLOAD YOUR FREE DIGITAL ASSETS! Visit the URL below to access your free Digital Asset files that are included with the purchase of this book. DOWNLOAD YOURS HERE: www.clydebankmedia.com/itil-assets
- 12. Introduction ITIL® is a comprehensive collection of best practices for information technology service management. The goal of the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) is to optimally calibrate IT departments to function in accordance with the needs of business. Designing and managing IT solutions (the selection, planning, and delivery of IT services) involves many moving parts with a near- infinite number of pathways of varying expense and efficiency. While creativity and innovation remain valuable attributes in the world of IT, standardization is also extremely important. Consider, for instance, a corporate merger between banks. Troves and troves of sensitive data need to be consolidated. Design work will be required, along with validation and testing. The expense of the integration will need to be addressed and communicated effectively to those overseeing the larger business interests of the parties involved. When systems need to change, merge, uncouple, or transfer assets between themselves, a uniform and agreed-upon set of robust practices and methods can make these processes intelligible and accessible to all parties involved, on both the technical and the business side. Simply put, ITIL is a library of universally applicable guidelines and best practices for IT. ITIL is a descriptive framework, not a prescriptive one, which means that it doesn’t mandate adherence to particular technologies, hardware, software, or systems. ITIL provides more “what to do” guidance and less “how to do it” instruction. This descriptive approach allows many different varieties
- 13. of IT organizations to leverage the benefits of ITIL. Organizations domestic or global, public or private, for-profit or nonprofit, from Japan to Saudi Arabia to the United States, use ITIL to tailor IT campaigns to more macro-level organizational objectives and more seamless inter-organizational compatibilities. A Brief History of ITIL ITIL represents a community-codified baseline of IT service standards. Conceived in the early 1980s, ITIL came about in a time when data centers were beginning to decentralize. During this time many companies that maintained a multitude of data centers in several different locations found that each hub would, over time, organically develop IT standards and practices highly distinct from one another. This led to poorer and overall inconsistent performance. It was an arm of the government of the United Kingdom, specifically the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) that first recognized the need for corrective action. At that time varying government centers were running into the same problem. Different centers were creating wholly different IT practices distinct from one another and distinct from those that were found in the private sector. The CCTA began developing the formative tenets of ITIL in the early eighties. To catalog the newly standardized IT practices, a series of books was written, each covering a different dimension of IT management. ITIL’s first formal iteration, ITIL v1, was initially published in 1989, and successive volumes continued to be published through 1996, with more than thirty ITIL v1 volumes added to the library. Thirty volumes of best practice proved cumbersome, especially considering that the aim of the ITIL project was to simplify and standardize IT practices. Moreover, purchasing a thirty-volume library
- 14. is not cheap. In 2000/2001, ITIL v2 debuted with the aim of making ITIL more streamlined and less expensive to implement. ITIL v2 consisted of only nine volumes (called “sets”) grouped by different aspects of IT applications and services. The two sets that enjoyed the most widespread circulation and application were the Service Support and Service Delivery sets, also known collectively as the Service Management sets. In May of 2007, Great Britain’s Office of Government Commerce (OGC), which had absorbed the CCTA in 2001, issued Version 3 of ITIL, known as the ITIL Refresh Project. Version 3 is commonly known as ITIL 2007 Edition or ITIL v3. ITIL v3 condensed the total number of reference volume “sets” from nine to five. In 2011, an upgrade to ITIL was published, updating the 2007 version and its five volumes but retaining its fundamental infrastructure. This upgrade is often referred to as “the 2011 ITIL upgrade.” In addition to being upgraded, 2011 also saw ITIL come under new ownership as intellectual property. Previously owned by the OGC, a bureaucratic office that was absorbed into the British Cabinet Office’s Efficiency and Reform Group, ITIL 2011 is technically the property of Her Majesty’s Government. The Stationary Office (TSO), based in the UK, contracts with the Cabinet Office to print and publish the ITIL books, which can be purchased directly from TSO or from various other resellers. AXELOS—The ITIL Game Maker * In July 2013, ITIL ownership was transferred to AXELOS Ltd. AXELOS is a joint venture between Her Majesty’s (HM) Government and Capita Plc. AXELOS, which has licensed this title you’re currently reading and issues licensure to organizations, trainers, and publishers. These licensed organizations can consult, publish books,
- 15. administer exams and issue formal ITIL certifications. Moreover, AXELOS is charged with keeping ITIL relevant and useful by overseeing the ongoing evolution, modification, expansion, and simplifications of the ITIL framework. AXELOS accredits organizations such as Pink Elephant, which issue specific ITIL certifications. IT professionals from all over the world invest in these certifications in order to build their resumes and to ensure that they remain competitive in the world of modern IT. The most broadly scoped among the many ITIL certifications is the ITIL Foundation level certification, an enormously popular training that many IT professionals have come to regard as an essential resume component.1 Another institution that plays a major role in shaping the evolution of ITIL is the IT Service Management Forum, or ITSMF. ITSMF is a nonprofit membership-based community of IT professionals that meet to discuss and recommend updates and applications for ITIL. There are chapters of ITSMF in almost every country. In larger countries, ITSMF chapters can also be politically influential, as they pursue lobbying efforts to influence public policy. How to Use This Book There are no formal prerequisites for learning ITIL. You are not required to have any particular technological proficiency, education, or work experience, but if you’re reading this book then it can be safely assumed that you currently work in IT or at least have a serious interest in working in IT in the near future. This book is not designed to provide a singular reference for any specific ITIL certification. Its purpose is to provide readers with an expedient, broad view of the ITIL framework, its applications, and its component parts.
- 16. As with any text you’ll find on ITIL, including the official core and complementary ITIL publications, this text is not to be used as a “how-to” book for any particular IT system or software. Remember, ITIL is a descriptive, not a prescriptive, framework and its focus is on providing guidance on how to do things, not what to do. It is up to the organization to select specific technologies, hardware, software, apps, middleware, etc. When used as an instrument of guidance, ITIL can be an invaluable aid for effective IT decision making. Technology selection will be the first of many areas where ITIL will help your organization save money by providing services that tightly conform to business objectives. Regarding the official ITIL publications, ITIL 2007/2011 (v3) consists of five volumes, one for each phase of the ITIL service lifecycle (Chapter 2). In the following chapters we’ll explore each of these service management components as they are presented and regimented by ITIL.
- 17. 1 Liz Gallacher and Helen Morris, ITIL Foundation Exam Study Guide (Chichester, Sybex, 2012), xvii. *Copyright © AXELOS Limited 2016. Material is reproduced under licence from AXELOS Limited. All rights reserved.
- 18. | 1 | Understanding Service Management In This Chapter IT service management Key terminology and distinctions Types of service In order to better understand IT service management, it will help to reflect first on non-IT service management. Let’s consider a fictional service provider; we will call it The Postal Delivery Company (PDC). The PDC provides the logistical service of delivering packages from one point to another. PDC customers depend on the company to execute their deliveries accurately and within the agreed-upon time frames. In order for PDC to meet its customers’ expectations it must first possess some critical assets. There must be vans, trucks, planes, and railway cars available to carry the packages from one destination to another. There must be trained and competent personnel to operate the vehicles and package drop-off points. There must be facilities where the packages can be sorted by the bulk load and directed to their proper destinations. All of these assets are critical for PDC to be able to perform its job. But it takes more than just having these assets on hand. PDC must have systems in place that dictate how these assets are to be deployed. There must be schedules to which the drivers adhere. The package sorting centers must be scaled adequately with staff and resources so that all the incoming packages can be processed in a
- 19. timely manner. Drivers must know how to operate their vehicles safely. Delivery vehicles and sorting machines must be serviced on a regular basis. There must be procedures in place that offer a standard method for management personnel to evaluate efficiency and opportunities for operational process improvement. There must be a uniform system for training personnel in each of their functional areas. The fictional service management example of PDC makes the concept of “service” easy to convey, and, just like the fictional shipping company, real-world IT operations also benefit from service management principles. Information technology service management (ITSM) refers to the implementation and management of quality IT services that meet the needs of businesses. While an example of PDC’s general service would be moving a package from point A to point B, an example of an IT service would be establishing an organized online repository for job applications, or securing a server from unauthorized intrusion, or establishing a dynamic database that allows customers to identify the current locations and estimated arrival times of their packages in transit. ITSM offers a collection of specialized organizational capabilities that fall into technical, security-related, and other categories. A constant and evolving awareness of ITSM is necessary for any organization that uses IT and values customer service. This may sound like an exceptionally bold claim, but in truth it’s rather modest. Consider the following factors: The vast majority of businesses and even individuals residing in the first world are dependent on IT services to some extent. Your ability to check your email is an IT service. Your ability to access
- 20. the Internet is an IT service. Your ability to text-message your friends is an IT service. For the public at large, IT services are quick to become “IT expectations.” If a website that’s relied on for business is experiencing frequent downtime, or if emails aren’t being delivered, or if photos in cloud storage are stolen by hackers, the consumer does not forgive easily. Though an IT professional may appreciate the skill and complexity required for the upkeep of an IT service, the general consumer has little patience for “technical difficulties” and won’t hesitate to scout out competitors. ITSM exists to ensure that the quality of IT services delivered reliably adheres to the expectations of customers. The techniques of ITSM are enshrined by several bodies of professional practice standards that are codified via libraries and publications such as ITIL and taught to IT professionals via a variety of related certifications. Earning a certification in ITIL or in a related ITSM framework (such as COBIT or ISO/IEC 20000) attests to one’s ability to abide by standardized ITSM practices. This is why employers take comfort in hiring and promoting persons certified in ITIL and other ITSM disciplines. Understanding the Relationship between ITSM & ITIL In ClydeBank Technology’s ITSM QuickStart Guide, we delineate ITIL from ITSM in the following manner: “Not all ITSM is based in ITIL, but all ITIL is essentially ITSM.”2
- 21. ITSM simply refers to the application of IT toward service needs. Though ITIL is perhaps the most popular institutionalized application of ITSM, ITSM may encompass a multitude of other frameworks, each of them bringing unique strengths and weaknesses to the table. If you’re already a player in the world of IT, then some of these names may sound familiar to you: COBIT Project Portfolio Management (PPM) Business Process Framework (eTOM) ISO/IEC 20000 ITSM may also include project management systems that originated well outside of IT circles but have since been co-opted by the tech sector. A good example is Six Sigma, which originated as a production efficiency framework aimed at achieving well-defined results on a consistent basis, particularly in the manufacturing sector. Modern CIOs and IT directors have since leveraged Six Sigma to supplement their ITSM efforts, often by forging effective
- 22. permutations of Six Sigma and ITIL.3 Acclimating to ITSM & ITIL Terminologies Newcomers to ITSM and ITIL need not worry if they find themselves feeling overwhelmed by jargon. When it comes to terminology, ITSM is much like a cold swimming pool, one that you’ll eventually acclimate to if you spend enough time splashing around in it. It’s not that the terms used in ITSM and ITIL are complex. Quite the opposite, in fact; the terms are rather simple and may, at first, seem bereft of much-needed specificity. In order to master ITIL, however, or any other ITSM framework, it’s important that you strive to understand institutionalized definitions. Take, for example, the terms “functions” and “processes,” both of which are incredibly relevant to ITIL and also throughout the broader world of ITSM. The ITIL service lifecycle, introduced in Chapter 2 of this book, is composed of five broad categories called “lifecycle phases.” Each lifecycle phase consists of multiple formal “processes.” ITIL defines a process as follows: A process is a structured set of activities designed to accomplish a specific objective. A process takes one or more defined inputs and turns them into defined outputs. A function, according to ITIL, is more like an end product or a known capability that can be relied upon to support a process. A function may incorporate one or several databases (a collection of data stored and organized to support processes that require information). A function may incorporate a network (a group of two or more computer systems linked together), or it may incorporate a service desk (a Single Point of Contact or “SPOC” to meet the communication needs of both customers and employees). In ITIL, functions are defined as supporting elements of a process. In
- 23. addition to the technical elements of functions described above, functions may also include specific groups, teams, departments, and divisions that operate within an organization. Each process in a given ITIL service lifecycle phase depends on a collection of reliable functions. If ITIL processes are thought of as project blueprints, then functions may be thought of as tools at hand. A process may include, for example, ITIL-defined approaches to assessing and changing an IT service (known as change management in ITIL). Another example of a process is the ITIL- defined approach to analyzing and correcting errors while preventing their future reoccurrence (known in ITIL as incident management). A process may also be defined much more generally; for example, the application of methods, skills, and knowledge to arrive at a certain objective is known in ITIL as the project management process. We’ll explore these and other formal ITIL processes in more depth in the following chapters. A good real-world example of a function would be a customer feedback report that contains summarized bulk data about reported customer experiences. Another example of a function would be a call center that collects this feedback. You might also refer to these two elements together as a group and deem this group to be a “function” used to support, let’s say, the incident management process. You’ll find that in ITIL and throughout ITSM, certain terms are more fluid and others more rigid. In the “process” vs. “function” discussion, process would seem to be the more rigid term. As you acquaint yourself with the terms of ITIL, be patient—you’re not expected to have a full understanding of ITIL terminology right out of the gate. You can refer to the glossary in the back of this book for more formalized definitions, but the best way to build a concrete
- 24. understanding of ITIL terminology is to study examples and proactively put ITIL practices into action. The Meaning of “Service” Service is another example of an important, albeit fluid, term that’s central to both ITIL and ITSM. For the purposes of practicing ITSM and understanding ITIL, service, as defined by the current 2011 Edition of ITIL, is a means of providing value to customers by facilitating outcomes customers want to achieve without incurring ownership of particular costs and risks. The definitions used in the earlier versions of ITIL, v1 and v2, explicitly mention that the service must be perceived by the customer as a coherent whole, “a self- contained, single, coherent entity.” What’s interesting to note here, and certainly not obvious, is that both definitions are essentially articulating the same concept. When you’re receiving “service” at a nice restaurant you don’t want to concern yourself with the timing of the food preparation, the right quantity and mix of ingredients that go into your food, or the selection of the plate upon which your entrée will be served. You may even prefer to receive recommendations on appropriate wine pairings for certain entrées or desserts, as opposed to owning the risk of selecting the wine yourself. Service, as previously stated, may have a multifaceted definition, but it’s always built around the premise of reducing the burdens of the service recipient. Service means delivering some form of end-solution (a “self-contained, single, coherent entity” as ITIL puts it) without exposing the customer/end user to the problems that must be solved in order to arrive at said end-solution. The restaurant patron at the fine dining establishment obtains his desired outcome in the form of an expertly crafted meal, presented tastefully and in a timely manner. The only
- 25. cost the diner concerns himself with is his bill, which, if the service was delivered properly, he will find reflects a fair and agreeable sum requested in exchange for the total value he’s received in the form of “a self-contained, single, coherent entity.” The 2011 Edition of ITIL introduces additional layers of complexity when it ventures beyond “service” and attempts to give us its definition of “IT service”: A service provided by an IT service provider. An IT service is made up of a combination of information technology, people, and processes. A customer-facing IT service directly supports the business processes of one or more customers and its service level targets should be defined in a “service level agreement.” Other IT services, called supporting services, are not directly used by the business but are required by the service provider to deliver customer-facing services. Supporting services are monitored by “operational level agreements,” or, if supplied by a third party, “underpinning contracts.” The distinctions made here in the ITIL definition of IT service are noteworthy. IT will deliver either a “customer-facing IT service” (think email or cloud storage) or a supporting service (think directory naming, data security, defragmenting).
- 26. In the example depicted in Figure 3, cloud storage is the external customer-facing IT service being offered and data encryption is the supporting service. There is also a concept known as “internal customer-facing IT service.” An example would be the IT department producing a report used by a marketing executive to locate new customers and assess their shopping behaviors. Such a service would be used by an “internal customer,” a person operating within the organization who depends on services rendered by other persons within the organization. The difference between an internal customer-facing IT service and a supporting service is delineated on the basis of whether the IT service rendered is perceptible to the
- 27. larger business apparatus. If a company’s IT department regularly monitors company servers for unauthorized intrusion attempts, the service being rendered is not, in most cases, perceptible by the larger business apparatus. Even though the service is essential, no one is depending directly on this service to provide them with resources they require to conduct company business. There is no perceptible internal customer; therefore, the intrusion monitoring is a supporting service rather than an internal customer-facing service. Note: Supporting services are sometimes referred to as “infrastructure services.” The following graphic provides another example of an internal customer-facing IT service: In Figure 4, IT is providing a service to Customer Tech Support, an internal customer. The service being provided is an up-to-date listing
- 28. of protocols that the support team will use to assist customers, external customers. The IT service is considered an internal customer-facing service, not a supporting service, because the availability of current and accurate issue-resolution protocols is a perceptible business utility for the support team. Let’s use our fictitious shipping company, PDC, to review two examples of service. See if you can identify the type of service being explained: 1. PDC offers the ability to ship all packages weighing twenty pounds or less from Australia to England for only thirteen dollars. Describe the service being offered. Answer: This would constitute an external customer-facing service. As with any customer-facing service, internal or external, PDC presents its capability as a “self-contained, single, coherent entity.” The customer is not interested in knowing the details of every intermediary process and asset deployed by PDC to facilitate the delivery. The customer’s interest is solely in the delivery. 2. PDC’s IT department populates and updates a job applicant database containing rudimentary screening data to be used by HR when assessing potential new hires. Answer: IT is providing an internal customer-facing service. The customer (HR) does not want or need to know every step that was taken and every IT asset that was deployed in the creation of the database. Nevertheless, access to the database is immediately and perceptibly relevant to HR’s ability to conduct business; therefore, the service qualifies as “customer-facing” rather than “supporting.” 3. PDC’s IT department implements a sophisticated encryption
- 29. module to prevent unauthorized access to customer information. Answer: IT is providing a supporting infrastructure service. There is no direct delivery of a service to either an internal or external customer. The securing of sensitive information allows the company to support an infrastructure whereby data can be stored electronically without being accessed by competitors or other unauthorized parties. ITIL’s multifaceted definition of IT service allows IT to be appreciated as not merely a technical enterprise, but one capable of communicating and integrating seamlessly with a business’s immediate and intermediary needs. In ITSM, and for the purposes of comprehending ITIL, it’s important to understand that IT systems are distinct from IT services. IT systems refers to a collection of component parts that combine and work with one another to achieve an objective. An IT system or a collection of IT systems underpins every IT service. Systems can be swapped out or intermingled with one another in an effort to improve an IT service. IT system components can include software, servers, applications, or middleware. Email, for example, is a service powered by an IT system. Email uses a post-and-deliver method to transmit digital information and consists of two servers, a means for them to communicate and transfer information, and client software of some kind, like Microsoft Outlook or a web mail client, that orchestrates the transmitting and receiving process for the end user. This system may also include human resources as well, people who are integral to achieving the desired outcome. The role of IT on an historical scale has followed a progression from being almost purely technologically focused, driven by the
- 30. optimization of machine functionality, to being more focused on service and driven by the needs of a business. Guiding this evolution is ITIL. Many IT departments and companies continue to follow similar trajectories of growth. They often begin as a technologically focused enterprise that gradually becomes more service-focused as the organization begins to cultivate closer relationships with client companies or internal partners. Technologically focused IT implies an environment in which IT professionals concern themselves primarily with their particular technology domain and hold minimal concern for, or knowledge of, business service realities. Even today, trade schools can often competently prime students for working in the IT field but neglect to prepare them for the integration of IT and the fulfillment of general business needs. When an IT operation or an IT professional begins to focus on service, more opportunities for growth arise within the field as the role of the IT professional becomes ever more integrated with the objectives of his or her business. ITIL, by and large, is about teaching IT professionals how to think like businessmen and service providers. Liz Gallacher and Helen Morris, coauthors of the ITIL Foundation Exam Study Guide, make a very interesting analogy comparing IT service to utility service. “In much the same way you expect water to flow from a tap, your users expect their IT services to ‘flow’ from their screens and devices.”4 ITIL is a vast collection of best practices that, when followed, will help you and your team rise to the steep demands of the modern IT services consumer. To Recap Among the multitude of ITSM-related disciplines, ITIL is perhaps the most widely utilized.
- 31. The key terminologies used in ITSM and ITIL include “processes,” “functions,” and “service.” The concepts of service and IT service are at once central and heavily nuanced in ITIL and ITSM. 2 Marilyn Burkley and Patricia Guth, ed., ITSM QuickStart Guide: The Simplified Beginner’s Guide to IT Service Management, (Albany: ClydeBank Media LLC, 2016), 17. 3 Linh C. Ho, “How to Use Six Sigma to Complement ITIL v3,” eWeek (Jan 2008): http://www.eweek.com/c/a/IT-Management/How-to-Use-Six-Sigma-to-Complement-ITIL-v3 4 Gallacher and Morris, ITIL Foundation Exam Study Guide, 12.
- 32. | 2 | The ITIL Service Lifecycle In This Chapter The ITIL service lifecycle and its five phases The component parts of ITIL lifecycle phases The five main publications of ITIL are known as the ITIL core. Each of these publications corresponds to a phase of what’s known collectively as the ITIL service lifecycle, which is a five-phase approach to implementing new or improving existing IT services for
- 33. the purpose of business adaptation and growth. The ITIL service lifecycle is applicable to all types of organizations that provide service to a business. To supplement the ITIL core, a complementary set of publications, known as the ITIL complementary guidance, offers specialized instruction for specific sectors, industries, organization types, operating models, and technology architectures. The first phase of the ITIL service lifecycle is “service strategy,” in which ITSM assesses where and how to deploy resources to meet business needs. Considerations immediately align the ITSM approach with overall business objectives. Among these considerations are cost, efficiency, and desired performance. In the service strategy phase of the ITIL service lifecycle, ITSM is immediately propelled beyond the confines of technology and becomes connected with the objectives of the end user, the customer. The second phase of the ITIL service lifecycle is “service design.” In this phase ITSM begins to translate the customer needs identified in the service strategy phase into a sensible and effective approach using the various resources on hand. Service design aims at providing high-quality, cost-effective service along with effective and efficient service management processes, all conforming to relevant standards and regulations. The processes identified in the service design phase should be sustainable and should provide value to customers throughout the lifecycle. The third phase of the ITIL service lifecycle is “service transition.” This is the first hands-on, real-time application phase of the lifecycle, in which the objectives identified in the service strategy phase and subsequent approaches created in the service design phase are put into action. It’s called “service transition” because in most cases ITSM will not be creating a new service out of thin air, but will be
- 34. Other documents randomly have different content
- 35. All who love the mediæval saints, and particularly those of once Catholic England, will find a delicious treat in this simple story. Besides the life and death of S. Walburge, an account is given of the miraculous oil that “distils from the coffer in which her relics are enclosed in her church of Eichstadt.” Cures are wrought by this oil to-day. We happen to know personally of one—the instant and final cure of a case of S. Vitus’ dance by a drop of the oil received on the patient’s tongue, after a novena and communion in the saint’s honor. The “Journey of S. Willibald to the Holy Land,” which forms the second half of the little volume, was written at Heidenheim about the year 760. “It is interesting,” says F. Meyrick, “as confirming, by the testimony of an eye-witness a thousand years since, the Catholic traditions of some disputed localities, and as a specimen of a nun’s composition in the VIIIth century.” The Question of Anglican Ordinations Discussed. By E. E. Estcourt, M.A., F.S.A., Canon of S. Chad’s Cathedral, Birmingham. With an Appendix of Original Documents and Fac-similes. London: Burns & Oates. 1873. (New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society.) A controversial work written in a calm and mild tone is sure to claim attention and wise confidence, especially if that work deals with a difficult question, and one involved in much obscurity and uncertainty. Such is the style of the work before us, and such is the character of the question the Rev. Canon Estcourt treats—Anglican Ordinations. This is truly a masterly work, and the author exhibits throughout that modesty which is the mark of a true scholar. But he does not condescend to his antagonist; he is fully aware that he is at warfare, but at warfare pro causa veritatis. He is a brave warrior, and wields a heavy weapon; he studies his foe well before he strikes, but, when he strikes, he strikes in a vital part. We do not mean to say that he has finished the much-discussed question of Anglican ordinations, or that Anglicans will hereafter
- 36. have nothing to say. They will always have something to say so long as the Establishment lasts. But we believe there are a large number of Anglicans who are serious and in earnest, and who conscientiously believe they have a priesthood, and it is among them we hope to see this book produce some practical result. The present work starts out in the introduction with a “statement of the question” it is about to treat of, in which the author says he does not claim to bring forth much in the way of new facts or new principles, but aims rather at a more careful application of principles already laid down, and to show the real influence of the facts alleged by Anglicans (as, for instance, the consecration of Parker), even if true. It then states the Catholic doctrine on the question of holy orders, and finally lays down the principles of evidence to be followed in the investigation of historical facts. The author commences with the “Origin of the Controversy,” in which, after showing how the seeds of heresy were first planted by Wyckliffe, and spread by the Lollards, and that the heresies on the Continent and in England were all one and the same growth—which Anglicans have so strenuously tried to deny—he exhibits the manner in which the Anglican rite was compiled, and shows that the form of ordination in the Edwardine ordinal was not primitive, but a compilation from the ritual of the Roman Church of the middle ages, there being nothing in it earlier than the IXth century, and most from the XIIIth and XIVth. He then treats of the validity of the orders given in the new form, as tested by Queen Mary’s reign and the acts of Cardinal Pole, and shows by a number of cases, and a careful analysis of the different classes the Cardinal Legate had to deal with, that both “the Papal brief and the cardinal’s acts furnish the clearest possible evidence that the Holy See regarded the Edwardine ordinations as utterly worthless” (p. 40), and therefore that the Anglican claim of Catholics admitting these ordinations as valid is a false one. The second, third, and fourth chapters are devoted to the “History of the Controversy.”
- 37. First, the mere matter of fact, with regard to those much- contested consecrations, is discussed. As to Barlow, the author, while giving the Anglicans the full benefit of all their documents and proofs of this poor man so involved in mist, shows that his consecration at least cannot be proved. The author very justly concludes respecting Barlow that while we cannot come to any positive decision, yet, “with so many circumstances of suspicion arising from different quarters, yet pointing the same way, it is impossible to admit the fact of his consecration without more direct proof of it” (p. 81). Parker’s case is next taken up. Of course, the author discards the Nag’s Head story; and with regard to the mere fact of Parker’s consecration having taken place, he acknowledges it must be admitted. But he shows that such a consecration, from the grave doubts whether Barlow was ever consecrated, and the manner in which ordinations of the Book of Common Prayer of 1552 were treated, was utterly worthless. After giving the testimony of contemporary Catholics in the matter of Parker’s consecration, he says: “But taking them all together, it must be granted that they admit the fact of the consecration having taken place as alleged, but it is also evident that they imply some serious difficulty respecting it, and apparently touching the persons acting therein; and, further, that this difficulty extended so far as not merely to render the consecration uncanonical, unlawful, and irregular, but also to affect its validity” (p. 126). Then having shown the practice of the church with those who returned to the true faith, he gives a list of the Anglican ministers who became reconciled to the Catholic Church down to the year 1704, and thus answers by facts the claim set up by Dr. Lee, founded on the alleged refusal of twelve converts to be reordained because they claimed to be true priests. Next follows a short review of the controversy as carried on so far by both Anglicans and Catholics, after which commences what we consider as really the most important part of the book; for the
- 38. rest of the work deals entirely with the validity of Anglican ordinations. This second half of the work we look upon as instituting a new era in the controversy. Heretofore, writers have occupied themselves principally with trying to disprove the facts with regard to the Anglican consecrations, and have done very little to prove the invalidity of such consecrations, even if they took place. Canon Estcourt has entered into this very thoroughly, and made it clear. He commences by an examination of the most ancient forms of ordination, and coming down through the various rites, and giving the teaching of the fathers, shows what the matter and form of ordination most probably consists in. Having established this, he gives the practice of the church in her official decisions in two important cases. The author has devoted a chapter to the refutation of the story of Pius IV. and Queen Elizabeth, which is the Anglican Nag’s Head, and which we suppose is at least well to have repeated, as there may be some on whom this worn-out fable would still have an influence. In the concluding chapters, the argument is summed up, and “the inevitable conclusion follows that Anglican ordinations must be considered as altogether invalid, and that there is neither bishop, priest, nor deacon in the Anglican communion. And the reasons for this conclusion may be stated in a summary way as follows: “1. Because from the year 1554 it has been the unvarying practice of the Catholic Church so to consider and treat them. “2. Because there are grave doubts whether Barlow, the consecrator of Parker, had ever himself received episcopal consecration; and, in fact, the probabilities of the case incline more strongly against than in favor of it. “3. Because the Anglican forms of ordination have been altered from the ancient forms, both by way of mutilation and addition, in such a manner as to exclude, on the part of those participating in the acts enjoined, any intention of conferring or receiving a
- 39. sacrament, or sacramental grace, or a spiritual character, or any sacerdotal or episcopal power. “4. Because the same forms have been also altered purposely, with the view of excluding the idea of the priest at his ordination receiving power to offer sacrifice. “5. Because Anglican bishops and priests, at the time of ordination, join in a profession contrary to the Catholic faith in the holy sacrifice, thus assuming on themselves, by their own act, the spirit and erroneous intentions with which the alterations were made. “6. Because the meaning here attributed to the Anglican forms receives confirmation from the fact of its being doubtful whether the word ‘priest’ in the Anglican forms of ordination means a priest in the sense of the Catholic Church; that is to say, sacerdos, ‘a sacrificing priest.’ “7. Because the meaning of the same forms is further illustrated from the ‘Order of Administration of Holy Communion’ in the Book of Common Prayer, which is found to be contrary to the Catholic faith in the doctrines of the holy sacrifice of the Eucharist and the Real Presence” (pp. 373-4). Let us leave the author’s last words for those who are serious and in earnest, to meditate upon: “What, then, Anglicans have to consider, the questions they have to ask themselves, are these: What do they really believe about the grace of holy orders, and even about the grace of the sacraments in general? and next, What are the conditions on which that grace is ordinarily given? And then to look whether those conditions are fulfilled within the Anglican communion. If they would seriously, as in the sight of God, consider these points, we might hope to attain to truth, which is before all things, and after truth to see peace following in her train, and union, not based on vague terms and unharmonious professions, but in ‘one body and one spirit, as called
- 40. in one hope of our vocation, one Lord, one faith one baptism’” (p. 379). Lectures on Certain Portions of the Earlier Old Testament History. By Philip G. Munro, Priest of the Diocese of Nottingham, and Domestic Chaplain to the Earl of Gainsborough. Vol. I. London: Burns & Oates. 1873. (New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society.) This being but the first volume of a most valuable work, we shall wait for the whole to be completed before writing a lengthy notice. We will only say at present that the solidity of scholarship which the work displays, together with its entertaining style, make it a long- desired aid to the study of the Holy Scriptures on the part of our educated laity. What we have been most struck with in the present volume is the simple yet masterly proof of a visible church—i.e. a teaching authority—having always existed from the time of Adam; as also of the coeval use of place and ritual for the worship of God. The Prophet of Carmel. By the Rev. Chas. Garside. London: Burns & Oates. 1873. (New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society.) This is a peculiar work, hardly classifiable under any conventional head in religious literature. It has the charm of refined and elegant diction, joined to the weightier recommendation of practical usefulness. It is a history of the prophet Elias, following the startling yet meagre facts of his life as revealed in the Old Testament, and drawing from them analogies wonderfully suited to our own times, lives, temptations, and hopes. It is not one of the least perfections of that incomparable Book, the Holy Scriptures, that it should apply with such marvellous truth to any time, person, or circumstance; that it should offer as living a counsel, as efficacious a comfort, as dread a warning to every individual man in his own obscure orbit of to-day as it did thousands of years ago to exalted personages in unwonted trials. It is not only the political history of one people; it is the history of the human soul at all times and in all places. Thus, the
- 41. author has drawn from the mysterious records of Elias—who at first would seem but a colossal saint, utterly removed from any appreciation that would seek to go beyond admiration—parallels between human duties and human weaknesses under the reign of Achab, and the same duties and weaknesses under the rulers of our day. There is something in this book of the alluring style of F. Faber’s religious works, but without that floweriness of speech of which no one was a safe master but that prose-poet himself. The Valiant Woman. By Mgr. Landriot. Translated from the French by Helena Lyons. Boston: P. Donahoe. 1873. This collection of discourses, addressed to women on the duties of their daily life by the former Bishop of La Rochelle, now Archbishop of Rheims, is a most valuable work, and contains an epitome of everything woman should do, know, and teach. There can hardly be too much of the same tenor written on this subject, and all that is written should be sown broadcast over Christendom by the best translations. That before our notice seems a very terse one, faithful but not slavish. Indeed, a translator often has it in his power to mar the whole effect of a most important work by dressing it in such unmistakably foreign garb that it becomes unacceptable to the peculiar mind of this or that nationality. Mgr. Landriot’s discourses, though addressed to French women and to provinciales, are couched in such broad terms, and inspired by so comprehensive a spirit, that they are equally applicable to women of all nations, whether in populous cities or retired country towns. The conditions of all classes are also so delicately brought within the circle of his consideration that even poor and obscure women may find in them as effectual guidance as the wife of a cabinet minister or of a financial magnate. True Christianity alone can inspire true cosmopolitanism, and that without violating patriotism. The spirit of petty localism, or, in fact, of any narrow- mindedness on any subject, is foreign to the wise prelate’s mind, and nowhere defaces his writings; yet, at the same time, he knows
- 42. how to make skilful use of his surroundings, and take illustrations from objects constantly before the eyes of his immediate hearers. In the fourth discourse he expounds the text of Proverbs, “She is like the merchant’s ship, she bringeth her bread from afar” (xxxi. 14); and speaking as the bishop of a seaport town to a community whose interests were probably in many cases connected with the sea, he draws the most original comparisons between an ideal woman and a perfect ship. Masts, helm, rigging, cargo, ballast, compass, chart, crew, etc., nothing is forgotten, and every detail tallies with some spiritual attribute of the life of a holy and “valiant” woman. In another place he compares woman to a bridge, the support and link of many souls, and makes the bold simile very plausible by his well- chosen remarks on the united flexibility and strength required in woman’s character. There is not a point of domestic life which he does not touch upon fearlessly, not a duty he does not point out minutely. Sins of sloth, of vanity, of imprudent speech, of undue susceptibility, are all unmasked; the relations between woman and those who come in contact with her as wife, mother, mistress, or friend are all accurately sketched; her pursuits are regulated, but with no intolerant hand; her sphere mapped out, but with no niggardly restrictions. Country life and occupation are commended as healthful for the body, and leading to peace of mind and soul; good sayings, tersely expressed, are scattered here and there; as, for instance: “Virtue and vice are distinguished by the quantity of the dose; put the right quantity, and you have a virtue; take away that quantity, or exceed it, and you have a vice.” There is in the whole work a tone of moderation singularly adapted to the needs of the day, a shrinking from exaggeration in any form, and a hesitancy in condemning anything the excess of which only can be styled a sin. The lecturer leans for these moderate views on the writings of S. Francis of Sales, that rare director of virtuous women in the world. One very beautiful idea, with which we do not remember ever to have met before in any shape, is that of the “divine magnetism” exercised by Providence, and which turns the bitterest draught of human woe into a delicious nectar for those who trust in God, while “the cup of earthly happiness” held to the lips of the “spoiled child of
- 43. fortune ... has infused therein a poison to disturb and agitate the inmost depths of his being.” The picture of the valiant woman of the Proverbs is thus brought before the eyes of women of the XIXth century, not as something magnificently inimitable, as personated by a Judith, a Jael, or an Esther, but as a perfectly attainable state, as exemplified by S. Monica, S. Paula, S. Elizabeth of Hungary. Neither the heroic, the learned, nor the commercial side of life is shut out from them, although the domestic is specially inculcated; and in Mgr. Landriot woman will find a meeter and more dignified champion than in the prophetesses of “woman’s rights.” Our only regret is that such “valiant” and perfect women should be so rare among us. A few such Christian matrons would revolutionize their sex. Rupert Aubrey, of Aubrey Chase. By the Rev. Thos. Potter. Boston: Patrick Donahoe. 1873. This a short historical tale of the latter end of the XVIIth century, and is put together from various records of known details of the Titus Oates plot. It was quite another phase of religious persecution from that prevalent a hundred years before under Queen Elizabeth, and Titus Oates, in his hypocrisy and meanness, forms a contrast to the more open though not less cruel inquisitors of Tudor days. The incidents of the story are, as facts, quite imaginary, though fashioned in accordance with probability and the known incidents of similar real vicissitudes; the style is very clear and agreeable, and the personages attractive in character, especially the old soldier and royalist, Sir Aubrey Aubrey. The details of the martyrdom of the saintly Archbishop of Armagh, Oliver Plunket, are beautifully woven in with the lesser but hardly less touching sorrows of the young Rupert, the hero of the tale. The end is bright and hopeful, unlike many of those solemn tragedies in days of old, but just such as is fitted to encourage the minds of our day. There is in the beginning of the book a very pleasant description of an old English village of Yorkshire, and a hint to travellers who, in frantic pursuit of distant
- 44. pleasure, are whirled past such sylvan retreats on their way to fashionable places of “repose.” A Treatise on the Particular Examen of Conscience, according to the Method of S. Ignatius. By F. Luis de la Palma, S.J. With a Preface by F. George Porter, S.J. London: Burns & Oates. 1873. (New York: Sold by The Catholic Publication Society.) It would be almost equal to the attempt “to gild refined gold” to speak approvingly of a work gotten up under the auspices and derived from the sources above indicated. The Jesuits have always been accorded a practical eminence as father-confessors; and one who is familiar with the Spiritual Exercises of S. Ignatius and the History of the Sacred Passion of F. de la Palma will not doubt that he is, indeed, among the masters of the spiritual life while listening to the counsels contained in the present work. Sketches of Irish Soldiers in Every Land. By Col. James E. McGee. New York: James A. McGee. 1873. The half-historic, half-conversational style in which these sketches are written makes good display of the author’s undoubted powers; and this, too, in spite of some carelessness. With the exception of the unfortunate mention made of the share which Irish gentlemen took in the practice of duelling, the book is excellent reading. The subject is one invested with a sad charm for all who, by blood, or religion, or love of valor, can sympathize with a cruelly oppressed yet warlike and adventurous people. The author gives us only a small fragment of the history of Irish military exploits—“some flowers,” as the preface says, “culled from the immortal garlands with which modern history has enwreathed the brow of Irish valor.” Yet it suffices to produce a vivid impression of how Irishmen have done honor to their own race, and given generous and valuable service to the military enterprises of nearly every civilized nation. We hope that as good a pen and as appreciative a mind will some day
- 45. give a complete history of the Irishmen who figured conspicuously in our late war. The author, indeed, dedicates his book to the memory of his countrymen “who fought and fell” in that great struggle, and refers specially to some few of them, while turning over to the future historian the task of doing them all full justice. Meditations on the Most Blessed Virgin. By Most Hon. Brother Philippe, Superior General of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Translated from the French. Baltimore: Kelly, Piet & Co. 1874. This substantial volume bears the imprimatur of His Grace the Archbishop of Baltimore. And the other approbation, by the Vicar- General of the Right Rev. Bishop of Versailles, says that the writer is officially assured that the work “will prove a new and most precious fountain from which pious souls may be abundantly supplied with the healing waters of devotion to the Mother of God.” From what we have had time to see of the book, we also are convinced that it is a most solid and valuable addition to the best manuals of a devotion which can never be exhausted, but, on the contrary, is destined to increase till He who first came into the world by Mary shall in some sense come again by her. We therefore welcome this volume very gratefully, and recommend it to our Catholic readers. Announcements.—The Catholic Publication Society has in press, and will publish this fall, The Life of the Most Rev. M. J. Spalding, D.D., Archbishop of Baltimore, by Rev. J. L. Spalding, S.T.L. It will make a large 8vo volume of over 500 pages, and will be brought out in good style. Also in press, The Life and Doctrine of S. Catharine of Genoa; The Illustrated Catholic Family Almanac for 1874; and Good Things, a compilation from the Almanac for the last five years, making a handsomely illustrated presentation volume.
- 46. FOOTNOTES: [1] 1 Cor. xiii. 1-3. [2] We had intended to give a brief outline of what the church has done from time to time for the various forms of human want, but found we could not do so in the present article without departing from the diversified character essential to a magazine. Such a sketch of the efforts made by the church, during her long history, to alleviate physical suffering, and for the moral elevation of the race, would almost be a history of the church itself, inasmuch as the poor have always been her heritage, in accordance with our Lord’s words. To the Catholic reader this would have been unnecessary; and if this reference serves the purpose of inducing the candid non-Catholic to look into the record, a desirable end will have been accomplished. [3] Constitution of U. S., Art. 1, of Amendments. [4] Kent, ii. 24. [5] Story on the Constitution, ii. 661. [6] Report of Special Committee, p. 17. [7] Monthly Record, p. 285. [8] Catholic Review, January 11, 1873. [9] Twelfth Annual Report, p. 12. [10] See Half a Century with Juvenile Delinquents. By the Chaplain of the House of Refuge, Rev Mr. Pierce.
- 47. [11] Nineteenth Annual Report, p. 12. [12] Blackstone’s Com., part. i, p. 137. [13] Sunday Mercury, June 23, 1872. [14] Investigation into the Management of the Providence Reform School, made by the Board of Aldermen, under the direction of the City Council of the City of Providence, 1869. [15] “Indico legno, lucido e sereno:” Whatever kind of richly tinted wood is referred to in this passage, lucid and serene do not seem very descriptive epithets, applied to wood, and it is not much after the manner of Dante to qualify any object with two vague adjectives. As he is presenting an assemblage of the most beautiful and striking colors, and since we do not imagine (as Mr. Ruskin suggests) that by “Indico legno” he could have meant indigo, it seems most natural that he should have mentioned blue. We have therefore ventured to translate as if the verse were written, “Indico legno, lucido sereno.” In a preceding Canto (V.) the poet has used sereno in the same way, without the article—“fender sereno” also in Canto XXIX., v. 53: “Più chiaro assai che Luna per sereno.” —Trans. [16] A name given in derision to the German nation. [17] One of the martyrs omitted by Foxe. [18] The Fuller Worthies’ Library. The Complete Poems of Robert Southwell, S.J., for the first time fully collected, and collated with the original and early editions and MSS., and enlarged with hitherto unprinted and inedited poems from MSS. at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire. Edited, with Memorial Introduction and Notes, by the Rev. Alexander H. Grosart, St. George’s, Blackburn, Lancashire. London: Printed for private circulation (156 copies only). 1872. [19] Turnbull, p. xvi.
- 48. [20] The Condition of Catholics under James I. Father Gerard’s narrative. London. 1872. [21] So printed in Strype. [22] Topcliffe here describes what he facetiously likens to a Tremshemarn trick with great delicacy. It was, in fact, a piece of horrible torture, by which the prisoner was hung up for whole days by the hands so that he could just touch the ground with the tips of his toes. [23] See Annals of the Reformation, Strype, Oxford, 1824 ed., vol. vii. p. 185. If the reader has any curiosity to see more remarkable proof of the infamy of this man, Topcliffe, he may peruse another letter in Strype, vol. vii. p. 53. [24] He was afterwards condemned and executed as a traitor. [25] For this and many other cases see, Martyrs Omitted by Foxe. London. 1872. Compiled by a member of the English Church. With a preface by the Rev. Frederick George Lee, D.C.L., F.S.A., Vicar of All Saints’, Lambeth. [26] Retrospective Review, vol. iv., 1821, p. 270. [27] Specimens of the Early English Poets, first edition, vol. ii. p. 166. [28] Vol. i. p. 644, fourth edition. [29] Notes of Ben Jonson’s Conversations with William Drummond of Hawthornden, p. 13. [30] Here are seven of its seventeen stanzas: Enough, I reckon wealth; A mean the surest lot, That lies too high for base contempt, Too low for envy’s shot. My wishes are but few, All easy to fulfil, I make the limits of my power The bounds unto my will.
- 49. I feel no care of coyne, Well-doing is my wealth; My mind to me an empire is, While grace affordeth health. I clip high-climbing thoughts, The wings of swelling pride; Their fall is worst, that from the height Of greatest honors slide. Spare diet is my fare, My clothes more fit than fine; I know I feed and clothe a foe That, pampered, would repine. To rise by others’ fall I deem a losing gain; All states with others’ ruins built, To ruin run amain. No change of Fortune’s calms Can cast my comforts down; When Fortune smiles, I smile to think How quickly she will frown. [31] This was a German Reformer who died in 1551. His name was Kuhhorn (Cowshorn), but, after the fashion of that day, he Greekified it into Bous (ox) and Keras (horn): the same as Melanchthon, another German Reformer, changed his name from Schwarzed (black earth). [32] Abbots were then, as Bishops are now, Members of the House of Lords. [33] Some of these “foundations” were made up with Secular Priests, who had pensions to say Masses for the souls of the founders. [34] “Premunire” is a punishment inflicted by Statute, and consists of the offender’s being out of the Queen’s protection, forfeiting his lands and goods, and imprisoned during the pleasure of the Monarch.
- 50. [35] “That which is most divine in the heart of man never finds utterance for want of words to express it. The soul is infinite [this is saying too much: it is one thing to be infinite, and another to have a sense of the infinite], and language consists only of a limited number of signs perfected by use as a means of communication among the vulgar.”—Lamartine, Preface des Premières Meditations. [36] As we are not without experience in the management of children, we cannot agree with our contributor in the proposed banishment of the rod from the nursery, however much we may prefer moral suasion when found effectual.—Ed. C. W. [37] Canadian snow-shoes. [38] Breviary. [39] The ex-voto spoken of in the beginning of our story represents this scene. [40] Cap worn by the peasantry. [41] Luke xvi. 9. [42] “A great politician is dead!” [43] “This will be a dangerous spirit.” [44] Land of the Veda. By Rev. Dr. Butler. [45] Papers relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, transmitted to Congress with the Annual Message of the President, December 4, 1871. [46] British Blue-Book. China, No. 3, 1871. [47] Evolution of Life. By Henry C. Chapman, M.D. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1873. [48] See Dublin Review, July, 1871. [49] Hugonis Floriacensis de Regia Potestate lib. i. 4 ap. Baluze Miscell. ii. [50] Petr. Blesens, Epist. lxxxvi.
- 51. [51] S. Francis de Sales, Bishop and Prince of Geneva. Rivingtons: London, Oxford, and Cambridge. [52] “Drink water out of thy own cistern, and the streams of thy own well; let thy fountains be conveyed abroad, and in the streets divide thy waters.”—Proverbs v. 15,16. [53] The title of his bishopric, by which Francis de Sales was then generally known in Paris. [54] “J’ai ajouté beaucoup de petites chosettes,” he said. “Petites chosettes” is almost untranslatable in its deprecating modesty. [55] In 1656, forty editions had already appeared. [56] “Il met force sucre et force miel au bord du vase.” [57] See Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française. Préface de M. Villemain. He says: “En 1637, l’Académie avait discuté longtemps sur la méthode à suivre pour dresser un Dictionnaire qui fût comme le trésor et le magasin des termes simples et des phrases reçues. Puis, elle s’était occupée du choix des auteurs qui avaient écrit le plus purement notre langue, et dont les passages seraient insérés dans le Dictionnaire. C’étaient pour la prose”—and he then gives a list of authors, as above indicated. [58] A translator—a traitor. [59] Pallavicini, History of the Council of Trent, b. vi. ch. xi. No. 4. [60] See Renan’s Vie de Jésus, Introduction; also, Albert Réville, Revue des Deux Mondes, for May and June, 1866. [61] Pallavicini, History of the Council of Trent, b. vi. ch. xi. Leplat, Monum. Conc. Trid., vol. iii. p. 386 et seq. [62] M. de Pressensé means the deutero-canonical books of the Old Testament. Deutero-canonical and apocryphal are by no means synonymous. The authenticity of the deutero-canonical books has been demonstrated sufficiently often within three centuries to prevent a writer, with any respect for himself, from alluding to them as apocryphal. [63] We wish M. de Pressensé would be kind enough to inform us what Fathers of the IId and IIId centuries have questioned the
- 52. origin of the Gospel according to S. Matthew. We are well aware that French rationalists have borrowed the German idea of a primitive Gospel, which, perhaps, served as a basis for the other abridgments. The promoters of this system are Eichorn, Eckermann, Gieseler, Credner, and Ewald, in Germany; in France, Messrs. Réville and Renan have lent to it the support of their names. They have endeavored to support it by one or two words of Papias, which by no means prove so strange an assertion. Where are the Fathers of the IId and IIId centuries who had any doubt as to the authenticity of the first Gospel? As to the Epistle to the Hebrews, we wish M. de Pressensé would read a few pages on this question by the Rev. Père Franzelin, in his able treatise, De Traditione et Scriptura. He would see how little doubt the Fathers of the first ages had respecting this epistle. Some, on account of the absence of S. Paul’s name, and the difference of style, have doubted it was by the doctor of nations, but all the Fathers, unless we except two or three of the least known, invariably asserted its canonicity. For it is one thing to doubt whether S. Paul was the author of this epistle and another that it is of the number of inspired books. [64] Histoire du Concile du Vatican, p. 283. [65] Pressensé, Histoire du Concile du Vatican, ch. xi. [66] Hist. Revelat. Bibl., Auct. D. Haneberg, p. 774. [67] Sess. XIV. De Extr. Unct., c. i. can. i. [68] Défense de la Tradition des SS. Pères.—Instruction sur la Version de Trévoux. [69] Myths and Myth-Makers: Old Tales and Superstitions Interpreted by Comparative Mythology. By John Fiske, M.A., LL.B., Assistant Librarian and Late Lecturer on Philosophy at Harvard University. [70] Page 122. [71] Tob. ii. 19. [72] Eccl. xvii. 5. [73] Ibid. xxvi. 3, 16.
- 53. [74] Prov. xix. 15. [75] Levit. xxv. 39, 40, 53. [76] Numb. xxx. 10. [77] Deut. xv. 12-14. [78] Acts. xvi. 14, 15. [79] Ibid. xvi. 40. [80] Rom. xvi. 1, 2. [81] Judith viii. 7. [82] Prov. xxxi. 10-31. [83] “Young Adam Cupid, he that shot so trim.”—Modern editions of Romeo and Juliet. [84] White’s Shakespeare’s Scholar, 371, 372. [85] See note 2, as to “Abraham-men,” in King Lear, Singer’s Edition, act ii. sc. iii. [86] Satires, b. iii. sat. 5. [87] Perusing, while this article is in the press, Thackeray’s ingenious story of Catherine, we observe that he describes one of his characters (in the year 1705) as wearing “an enormous full- bottomed periwig that cost him sixty pounds.” [88] Cook’s Voyages, vi. 61. [89] Browne’s British Pastorals, b i. s. v. [90] Hamlet (song), act iv. sc. v. [91] Fawkes, Apollonius Rhodius. The Argonautics, b. iii. [92] Sir M. Sandys’ Essays (1634), p 16. [93] Anthon’s Classical Dictionary. [94] Keightley’s Mythology, 112.
- 54. [95] Redgauntlet, i., pp. 219, 220. Ticknor & Co.’s edition. [96] Spectator, 129. [97] Notes to Dunciad, b. i. p. 260. British Poets, Little & Brown’s ed. [98] “The Fair One with the Golden Locks” was a Christmas piece produced on the stage in London, in 1843. See Planché’s Recollections, etc., ii. 67. [99] In Thackeray’s Catherine, already quoted, a character appears with “a little shabby beaver cocked over a large tow-periwig.” Still further on he tells us that one of his principal personages “mounted a large chestnut-colored orange-scented pyramid of horse-hair.” Indeed, we have reason to believe that the judges and the bar in England still wear wigs manufactured out of the latter article. [100] To show, by a further instance, the employment of another article than hair for the manufacture in question some time ago. Thackeray, in his Book of Snobs, chapter xxxiv., tells us of a London “coachman in a tight silk-floss wig.” [101] 2 Henry VI., iv. 8. [102] A sum estimated at about seven million francs of modern money. [103] Fearless and stainless. [104] Gilt door. [105] “A guarded prisoner is not bound by any oath, nor can he be held to any vow made under compulsion.” [106] For the preceding articles of this series, the reader is referred to The Catholic World for December, 1868, and June, 1870. [107] See Myvyrian, vol. i. p. 150. [108] Trioed inis Prydain, vol. iii. s. 1. [109] Myvyrian.
- 55. [110] De Schismate Donatistarum, lib. iii. c. 2. [111] De Civ. Dei, lib. xviii. c. 23. [112] “We read everywhere that this world is a sea.” [113] Gal. iii.; John xv. 16. [114] Minucius Felix, Octav., c. 9.; Justin, Dialogicum Tryph., c. 10; Athenagoras, Legatio, c. 3. etc. [115] In ancient usage, the Holy Eucharist was put into the hands of the Christians. [116] Maurus Wolter, The Roman Catacombs, and the Sacraments of the Catholic Church, p. 28. [117] Overbeck, History of Greek Plastic Art, ii. 29. [118] “Nihil præter Catholicam fidem, et quidquid Sancta Romana Ecclesia approbat, a me unquam prolatum est, cujus castigationi semper me subjeci, et quoties oportuerit iterum atque iterum me subjicio.... Manifeste apparebit, an ego hæresium, quod absit, an Catholicæ veritatis sim disseminator.” “No word of mine can be produced against Catholic faith or against whatever is approved by the Catholic Church, to whose correction I have always submitted, and, if need be, again and for ever submit myself.... It will be made manifest whether I have disseminated heresy—far be it from me—or Catholic truth.” [119] La Storia di Girolamo Savonarola e de’ suoi Tempi, Narrata da Pasquale Villari con l’Aiuto di Nuovi Documenti. Firenze. 1859. [120] The original is very picturesque: “A ciò ch’el diavolo non mi salti sopra le spalle.” [121] He ruled from 1469 to 1492. [122] “Egli secondò il secolo in tutte le sue tendenze: di corrotto che era, lo fece corrottissimo.” “He helped forward the period in all its tendencies,” says Villari. “From corrupt he made it most corrupt.” [123] M. Perrens and Dean Milman both express some doubt as to this fact, but we prefer to follow Villari, whose explanation of the
- 56. matter is satisfactory. [124] Here are his own words: “E mi rammento come predicando nel Duomo l’anno 1491, ed avendo già composto il mio sermone sopra questi visioni, deliberai di sopprimerle e nell’avvenire astenerme affatto. Iddio mi è testimonio, che tutto il giorno di sabato e l’intera notte sino alla nuove luce, io vegliai; ed ogni altra via, ogni dottrina fuori di quella, mi fu tolta. In sull’alba, essendo per la lunga vigilia stanco ed abbattuto, udii, mentre io pregava, una voce che mi disse: Stolto, non vedi che Iddio vuole che tu sequiti la medesima via? Perchè io feci quel giorno una predica tremenda.” [125] The original is, “Avendo perduto ogni fiducia degli uomini,” which the English Protestant translator (London, 1871) renders, “He had lost all confidence in the priests.” [126] We have followed Villari in the account of this interview. M. Perrens questions its authenticity for several very good reasons. If it was a confession, no one would know anything about it. But it is claimed by some that it was merely a consultation on a case of conscience, and that Politian was an ocular though not an auricular witness. If such an interview took place, we should be inclined to admit Villari’s account of it only on the latter hypothesis. [127] Master of the Hounds. [128] Pavilion of Stoves. [129] Comedian. [130] Tragedian. [131] 2 Thess. ii. 4. [132] Job. x. 22. [133] No. 360 of the journal Il Precursore, of Palermo, dared lately to apply to the Sovereign Pontiff Pius IX. the names sacristan- pontiff, blockhead, dullard, swindler, huckster, dotard, and other epithets so coarse that the pen refuses to transcribe them. But the Italian Exchequer, notwithstanding the law which declares the Pope to be as inviolable as the king, found nothing to say against
- 57. this foul sheet. And the government pretends that the so-called law of guarantees is scrupulously observed by it. We appeal to the common sense, not of Christians, but of persons simply not barbarians like the Hottentots. [134] Apoc. ii. 16. [135] “Sunt quatuor persecutiones principales: prima tyrannorum, secunda hæreticorum, tertia falsorum Christianorum, quarta erit ex omnibus conflata, quæ erit Antichristi et suorum complicium. Et hæ designatæ sunt in quatuor bestiis quas vidit Daniel.”—S. Bonav. in cap. xvii. Lucæ. Again, see Ugone card. sup. Psal. liv. [136] 2 Timothy iii. 1-4. [137] Osservatore Romano, Jan. 8, 1873. [138] Rev. John Henry Newman. [139] The opinions of the Abbé Gaume are generally regarded by the most competent judges of matters pertaining to the higher Catholic education as exaggerated. We concur in this judgment, which is, moreover, in accordance with the instructions on this subject emanating from the Holy See. At the same time, we are strongly convinced that there is a very considerable amount of truth in the criticisms of the Abbé Gaume on the actual method of education even in strictly Catholic colleges, and that it needs to be made more Christian.—Ed. C. W. [140] It may well be doubted whether this was a real advantage.— Ed. C. W. [141] Hieronymus Savonarola und seine Zeit. Aus den Quellen dargestellt. Von A. G. Rudelbach. Hamburg. 1835. [142] Girolamo Savonarola, aus grösstentheils Handschriftlichen Quelten dargestellt. Von Fr. Karl Meier. Berlin. 1836. [143] This passage certainly does not prove Savonarola to have been a great philosopher.—Ed. C. W. [144] Translated in England more than two hundred years ago. The Truth of the Christian Faith; or, The Triumph of the Cross of Christ. By Hier. Savonarola. Done into English out of the Author’s own Italian copy, etc. Cambridge John Field, Printer to the
- 58. University. There is also a modern translation by O’Dell Travers Hill, F.R.G.S., a handsome edition. Hodder & Stoughton, London. 1868. [145] “Seeing the whole world in confusion; every virtue and every noble habit disappeared; no shining light; none ashamed of their vices.” [146] A precisely similar vision is described by Christopher Columbus as having appeared to him in America when he was abandoned by all his companions. The letter in which he speaks of this vision is given by the rationalist Libri in his Histoire des Sciences Mathématiques, and he justly describes it as one of the most eloquent in Italian literature. [147] Cicero says: “Fuit jam a Platone accepta philosophandi ratio triplex: una de vita et moribus; altera de natura et rebus occultis; tertia de disserendo, et quid verum, quid falsum, quid rectum in oratione, pravumque, quid consentiens, quid repugnans, judicando” (Acad. lib. i. 6). This division is still recognizable in our modern logic, metaphysics, and ethics. [148] Ex. xviii. 25. [149] London Times, April 19. [150] London Spectator. [151] Saturday Review. [152] London Spectator, April 26. [153] This sentence, we wish to have it distinctly understood, is one which we approve only in the sense that loyalty to the church takes precedence of patriotism, but not that it is indifferent whether a man is a patriot or not, provided he be a good Catholic.—Ed. C. W. [154] “I sleep and my Heart watcheth.” [155] “I say, my Jesus, thou art mad with love.”—S. Mary Magdalen of Pazzi. [156] See The Catholic World, December, 1868.
- 59. [157] I.e., Ill-gotten gain never profits. “Pol” is a contemptuous name in Brittany for Satan, who is said to have horned hoofs shod with silver, but he has always lost one of his shoes. [158] The head of Morvan, after the battle, was taken to the monk Witchar, who held on the Breton frontier an abbey, by permission of the Frankish king. [159] Lez-Breiz was slain A.D. 818. In seven years after that date, Guionfarc’h, another of his family, arose, as a second Lez-Breiz, to resist the encroachments of France, and maintain the independence of Brittany. [160] Ermold Nigel. [161] This mystical plant was only to be plucked by the hand: if cut with any blade of steel, misfortune of some kind was always supposed to follow. [162] Ablutions were anciently made before a repast at the sound of a horn; thus “korna ann dour”—to horn the water. [163] The balls (six) in the arms of the Medici. [164] Discorso circa il Reggimento i Governo degli Stati e Specialmente sopra il Governo di Firenze. [165] O’Dell Travers Hill, F.R.G.S., author of a biographical sketch of Savonarola, and translator of The Triumph of the Cross. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 1858. [166] The most conclusive proof of the orthodoxy of Savonarola’s doctrine is found in the fact that his works, after a rigorous official scrutiny at Rome, were pronounced free from any error of faith or morals deserving censure.—Ed. C. W. [167] Song of Solomon, i. 6. [168] This pillar was destined by the first Napoleon for the decoration of the triumphal arch at Milan, the intended monument of his Italian victories. His fall frustrated the design. Many years later, Wordsworth, while descending into Italy by the Simplon Pass, came upon the unfinished mass as it lay half raised from the Alpine quarry, and addressed to it his sublime sonnet beginning:
- 60. “Ambition, following down the far-famed slope,” and proceeding: “Rest where thy course was stayed by power Divine.” [169] Ann. l. iv. ch. xlvi. [170] This article and the one in our May number are from the pens of two distinct writers. [171] The Expressions, etc., p. 12. [172] Expressions, etc., p. 30. [173] Gen. i. 24. [174] Gen. i. 26. [175] Gen. ii. 7. [176] Tongiorgi, pars. ii. l. ii. c. iii. p. 292. [177] Balmes, Fund. Phil., v. ii. c. ii. [178] Ibid., v. ii. c. ii. p. 9. [179] Ibid., v. ii. c. iii. [180] Tong., l. iii. c. i. [181] S. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, xix. 13. [182] Cic., De Offic., i. 40. [183] Histoire du Canada. Par M. F. X. Garneau, ii. 23. [184] Chimney-swallow. [185] Fact. [186] A fact. She was never heard of afterwards. [187] Horrible as this scene is, it is nevertheless perfectly true, even in minutest detail.
- 61. [188] Persons familiar with the Indian character well know their thieving propensities. [189] These reptiles were still so numerous in this part of the country not many years ago that it was extremely dangerous to leave the windows open in the evening. My mother related that, while she was living at Sandwich with her father, one of the domestics was imprudent enough to leave a window open. During the evening, they had occasion to move a sideboard which stood against the wall, and a large snake was discovered behind it fast asleep. Another day, when playing truant, a snake sprang upon her, and tried to bite her waist; but happily her clothes were so thick that its fangs could not penetrate them. While she ran in great terror, her companions called to her to untie her skirt. And that advice saved her life.—Author. [190] “Weep not for me.” [191] “For the law of his God strove even unto death, and took no fear from the words of the impious; for he was founded upon a firm rock.” [192] “Behold, I am with you all days, even to the end of the world.” [193] “A man of sorrows, and acquainted with infirmity.” [194] To save disappointment to those who may desire to possess a copy of the Memoirs of Bp. Bruté, we deem it proper to state that the work is out of print, but that the author has intimated his intention to publish a revised edition at some future day—of which the public will doubtless be duly informed.—Ed. C. W. [195] A nickname for Spaniards. [196] Do your duty, come what will! [197] “Nature, when driven off, returns at a gallop.” [198] These lectures are delivered in the chapel of Jésus-Ouvrier, on Mont Sainte-Geneviève, every Monday and Thursday. They were commenced by the Catholic Circle of Workingmen, and have been eminently successful. [199] Mgr. Mermillod, La Question Ouvrière, p. 25.
- 62. [200] Mgr. Mermillod. [201] M. Ch. de Beaurepaire, Histoire de l’Instruction publique en Normandie. [202] Ch. de Beaurepaire, l. i. [203] A fact. [204] The reader will find this subject amplified, under some of its aspects, in The Catholic World for Aug., 1872, article “Symbolism of the Church.” [205] We should surmise the circular shape to be no less symbolical than the other facts, and to denote the eternity of the church. [206] F. Mullooly, S. Clement, Pope and Martyr, and his Basilica at Rome. [207] Cæs. Comm. [208] Josephus. [209] “This image of the Druids is of a Moorish color, as are nearly all the others in the church of Chartres. We suppose this to have been done by the Druids and others who followed them, on the presumptive complexion of the oriental people, who are exposed more than we to the heat of the sun; for which reason the Spouse in the Canticle of Canticles says that the sun has discolored her, and that, although she is dark, she does not cease to be beautiful. Nevertheless, Nicephorus, who had seen several pictures of the Virgin taken by S. Luke from life, says that the color of her countenance was σιτοχρόε, or the color of wheat. This seems to mean the brown or chestnut color of wheat when ripe.” [210] “The Virgin was of middle height.... Her hair bordered on gold, her eyes were bright and sparkling, with the pupils of an olive color; her eyebrows arched, and of a black tinge, very pleasing. Her nose was long, her lips bright red, her face neither round nor sharp, but somewhat long; her hands and fingers equally so. She was in all things modest and grave, speaking but seldom and to the purpose; ready to listen to every one, affable to all, honoring each according to their quality. She used a
- 63. becoming freedom of speech, without laughter and without perturbation, without being moved to anger. She was exempt from all pride, without lowering her dignity, and without fastidiousness, and showing in all her actions great humility.” [211] “The church of Chartres is the most ancient in our kingdom, having been founded by prophecy in honor of the glorious Virgin Mother before the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, and in which the same glorious Virgin was worshipped during her lifetime.” [212] All’s Well that Ends Well, act ii. sc. iii. [213] The mention of the name of Montalembert by the writer of the present article gives us the occasion to make an explanation which we think it proper to make, on account of some criticisms that have been called forth by the manner in which we have spoken of him in former articles. The eulogium which we give or permit others to give this illustrious man in our pages by no means implies any approbation of any opinions or acts of his in sympathy with the party known by the sobriquet of “Liberal Catholics.” These were deflections from a course which was in the main orthodox and loyal, and it is not for these deflections that we honor his memory, but for his virtues, merits, and services, and the cordial submission to the authority of the Holy See at the close of life, by which he effaced the memory of his faults.—Ed. C. W. [214] These facts are chiefly gathered from an article on Hawthorne by Mr. Stoddard; but this anecdote is from a weekly publication, to which we are also indebted for the incident in the life of Edgar A. Poe.
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