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Jahangir
Jahangir ruled from 1605 to 1627 as the emperor of the Mughal Empire after his father Akbar. His son Khushrau rebelled against him but was defeated and imprisoned. Jahangir conquered territories like Mewar, Kangra, Avadh, and Bengal. Initially he had liberal relations with European traders like the Portuguese and English, but tensions arose and permissions were revoked at times. Nur Jahan, his wife, became an influential figure during his later years as his health declined. Shah Jahan later ascended the throne in 1628 and oversaw a golden age of art and architecture, building the Taj Mahal and Red Fort, though excessive spending weakened the empire's finances. Conflict arose
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Jahangir
- 1. JAHANGIR THE SON OFAKBAR
- 2. A.D 1605 TO1627(22 yrs) Real name :- Mohammed Sultan Salim He took the title Nuruddin Jahangir. He was well educated ,fond of literature and paintings. He cared about the welfare of his subjects.
- 3. KHUSHRAU’S REBELLION Jahangir’sson Khushrau revolted against his father in alliance with his uncle Man Singh. Khushrau was defeated and was imprisoned by his father. Many of his followers were put to death. Sikh Guru , Arjun who had supported the prince (Khushrau) , was imposed a heavy fine.
- 4. CONQUESTS AND CAMPAIGNS In A.D 1613 Jahangir marched against Rana Amar Singh(son of Rana Pratap) of Mewar. Amar Singh refused suzerainty and therefore, was defeated. He remained loyal to the Mughal Empire throughout his life. Jahangir also conquered Kangra, Avadh and Bengal.
- 5. RELATIONS WITH THE EUROPEANS Before Jahangir took the throne the Europeans had already arrived India. Initially Jahangir was liberal with the Portuguese and granted them trade concessions. But the Portuguese indulged in piracy and attacked Mughal ships. Jahangir, then, refused the permission on trade with them.
- 6. The EnglishEast India(British traders) Company succeeded in obtaining trade concessions. They also got permission to set up factory at Surat.
- 7. Nur Jahan Realname : Meherunnisa Her first marriage was with a governor of Burdwan . After her husband’s death she returned back to her father Mirza Gias Beg. Jahangir married Nur Jahan because of her intelligence and abilities. She would advice him on state matters and admisitration.
- 8. When Jahangirfell ill and later became addicted to wine, she got her family members appointed for higher posts. Prince Khurram rose in revolt against Nur Jahan and Jahangir. The last sixteen years of Jahangir’s administration was in Nur Jahan’s hand . After jahangir’s death Khurram took over the thrown, while Nur Jahan retired from court life.
- 9. Shah Jahan (Khurram) SHAHJAHAN The AGE OF MAGNIFICIENCE
- 10. (A.D 1628-1658, 30yrs) Kurram was Jahangir’s third son. He managed to remove all this rivals and ascend the Mughal throne. Art and architecture flourished during his period.
- 11. CONQUESTS 1. Jujhar Singhrose in revolt in Bundelkhand and was defeated. 2. Khan Jahan Lodi of Deccan in alliance with the ruler of Ahmadnagar revolted and he too was defeated. 3. Ahmendnagar, Bijapur and Golconda were creating trouble.
- 12. to bring thesestates under his control , he appointed Aurangzeb(his son) as the subedar of the Deccan. Shah Jahan conquered Ahmednagar while, Bijapur and Golconda accepted the suzerainty of the Mughals.
- 13. Relations with EUROPEANTraders During the reign of Akbar the Portuguese had established factories in Hugli and Bengal They imposed heavy duty on Indian traders and began slave trade. Shah Jahan’s army defeated the Portuguese and seized Hugli. The Dutch East India Company willingly submitted to the Mughals.
- 14. ART The painters who camefrom far and wide were lavishly rewarded.
- 15. Architecture He built TajMahal for his beloved wife. The walls were covered with pietra dura designs. It took 20 yrs and 3 crore rupees to complete it.
- 16. He constructed MotiMasjid in Agra
- 17. and Jama Masjidin Delhi
- 18. Red Fort hadbeautiful building the Diwan-i-Khas and Diwan-i-Aam and Rang Mahal.
- 19.
- 20. Underlying the glitterof the court, there were signs of bankruptcy, why? Huge sums of money was spent in construction of tombs palaces, mosques and unsuccessful military expeditions
- 21. War for theThrone Shah Jahah had 4 sons :- Dara, Shuja , Aurangzeb and Murad Shah Jahan was in favour of Dara becoming the emperor as he was the eldest. But when Shah Jahan got ill, Shuja declared himself as the king and marched to Agra. Dara and his son along with Raja Jaswant Singh defeated Murad easily
- 22. Aurangzeb knewthat it would be difficult to defeat Dara. Therefore, in alliance with his younger brother Murad marched to Agra to defeat Dara. After Dara’s defeat Aurangzeb occupied Agra and kept his father under house arrest. Shah Jahan died a broken man and was burried next to his wife.