JavaScript uses objects to organize data. There are primitive values like numbers and strings, as well as object values like arrays, functions, regular expressions, and dates. Objects are collections of key-value pairs and can be created using object or constructor notation. Arrays are objects that hold multiple values and functions can be used as objects by invoking them with the new keyword. Prototypes allow objects to inherit properties from parent objects and form prototype chains. Frameworks like MooTools use classes and inheritance to organize code into reusable objects.