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Jordan morocco sept by Hichem Bn SAlem2014
This document summarizes a meeting between ICARDA and NCARE to discuss the CRP Dryland Systems program. It outlines the program objectives of improving livelihoods in marginal and intensifiable dryland areas. It evaluates the first phase and identifies challenges like lack of integration. It discusses the major agricultural livelihood systems in North Africa and West Asia and challenges they face. It introduces the interdisciplinary research team and their roles. It also includes questions from ISAC about achieving integrated systems approaches across sites and regions through innovative science.
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Jordan morocco sept by Hichem Bn SAlem2014
- 1. CRP Dryland Systems Updating notes & Action points Hichem Ben Salem ICARDA’s Focal Point - CRP-DS ICARDA – NCARE Technical Meeting for Tafilah-Salamieh Action Site (Jordan sites) 21 - 22 September, 2014 Amman, Jordan 1
- 2. Title Outline 2 1. Dynamic building of CRP DS 2. Performance evaluation .. us and them 3. Requested changes 4. Activities clustering 5. Concluding remarks
- 3. TitleStrategic and ResultsFramework (SRF) 3 1. The SRF (CGIAR 2011) advocates new areas of core competency to achieve impact in four SLOs 2. One is development of core competency in the area of “production systems” 3. This will test the ability of the system to undertake inter-center research 4. Systems research will integrate commodity, natural resource management and policy research to improve productivity and livelihoods in a sustainable manner at the national and regional level
- 4. Learning, growing, spiralimpact pathway 1. Traditional research-for-development impact pathway includes four steps: research, outputs, outcomes and impact. 2. CRP1.1 views these steps not as a linear sequence, but as an upward spiral of learning and growing. 3. This results in an iterative research cycle, with continuous improvement in technologies.
- 5. Strategic Research Themesand their outputs SRT1: Approaches and models for strengthening innovation systems, building stakeholder innovation capacity, and linking knowledge to policy action SRT2: Reducing vulnerability and managing risk SRT3: Sustainable intensification for more productive, profitable and diversified dryland agriculture with well-established linkages to markets SRT4: Measuring impacts and cross-regional synthesis
- 6. 6 IDOs IDO1. More resilient livelihoods for vulnerable households in marginal areas IDO 2. More stable and higher per capita income for intensifiable households IDO 3. Women and children in vulnerable households have year round access to greater quantity and diversity of food sources IDO 4. More sustainable and equitable management of land and water resources in pastoral and agropastoral IDO 5. Better functioning markets underpinning intensification of rural livelihoods IDO 6. More integrated, effective and connected service delivery institutions underpinning resilience and system intensification IDO 7. Policy reform removing constraints and creating incentives for rural households to engage in more sustainable practices that improve resilience and intensify production
- 7. Title Program Objectivesand Flagships Target Regions 7 Program objectives Dryland Systems aims to improve livelihoods in two distinct drylands agro-ecosystem types: • Marginal, low-productivity areas: where people need support to mitigate vulnerability and solutions for resilience for food production. • Areas that have the potential to improve productivity: where people need support to engage in the sustainable intensification of their agricultural production. Program research-for- development architecture: Flagship Target Regions 1. West African Sahel & Dry Savannas 2. North Africa & West Asia 3. East & Southern Africa 4. Central Asia 5. South Asia
- 8. The inception phase Bringing together the foremost scientists from a multitude of disciplines in order to assess needs and formulate hypothesis, outcomes and activities Inception Regional Workshops Regional Launch Meeting & Kick-off meetings by site Plan of Work and Budget 8 2011 2013 ICARDA scientists & management NARS scientists & decision makers Assumption: Communities/farmers “opinion” is reflected through ICARDA and NARS scientists and other resource persons
- 9. The implementation phase MoAs preparation Implementation of activities Workshop Extension proposal Science & Implemen tation Meeting Evaluati on Task Force 9 Late 2013 2014 ICARDA scientists & management NARS scientists & decision makers Assumption: Task force to improve CRP DS performance
- 10. Crosscutting themes andlinkages of CGIAR Research Programs* (CRPs) CRP DS CRP PIM Policies, Institutions, and Markets Integrated pests and diseases management CRP CRP GL Enhancing productivity and managing risks through diversification, sustainable intensification, and integrated agro-ecosystem approaches CRP DC CRP L&F CRP N&H Gene Banks Managing biodiversity in agro-systems. Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy. Characterization of genetic resources at landscape level. Hyper and ultra spectral mapping of genotypic and phenotypic variability CRP CCAFS CRP WLE GB Wheat Improving productivity and profitability of wheat, improved resistance to pests and diseases, climate resilient, and increasing yield while reducing inputs Grain Legumes Sustainable intensification-challenges and constraints, integrated crop and pest management practices, and value chain linkages Dryland Cereals Validating high yielding varieties with better pest and disease resistance, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and improved crop management technologies Livestock and Fish Resilience and vulnerability of livestock production under changing climate, land use and markets, identify and address key constraints and opportunities Sustainable intensification, challenges and constraints, integrated crop and pest management practices, and value chain linkages Climate Change Eco-friendly climate change adoption - strengthening approaches for better management of agricultural risks associated with increased climate variability and extreme events Water, Land and Ecosystems Improving land and water, productivity, and ecosystem services. Assessment of land degradation, soil health and nutrition, and climate change impact Nutrition and Health Improving synergies between agriculture, nutrition, and health. Location base services-distribution, access pattern, value chain, and control of zoonotic diseases/pests and risks Bio-physical-spectral libraries for mapping agricultural productivity Mapping inter and intra variability at species, field, and farm scales Geo-referenced in situ/field photo and data collection Innovative tools and techniques for improved agronomic practices and management Quantification of trends and status of soil fertility, salinity, and degradation, Location based services in natural resource management Dryland Systems Crop spectra WHEAT *ICARDA Led/Involved Linkages and Activities Established in 2013
- 11. Major Agricultural LivelihoodSystems in NA&WA ALS Brief description Major constraints Sites Agropastoral Systems Agricultural livelihood based on small ruminants, barley crop, small scale irrigation Overgrazing, feed imbalances, land degradation, water scarcity, climate variability, conflicts over resources, youth unemployment Tafilah-Salamya, Beni Khedache- Sidi Bouzid, Karkheh River Basin Intensive rainfed Systems Wheat-based cropping system, land fragmentation, horticulture is intensifiable and market-oriented including for export, intensive dairy cattle production Land degradation, nutrient deficiencies, water scarcity, climate variability, youth unemploymeent Meknes-Saies, Karkheh River Basin 11
- 12. ALS Brief descriptionMajor constraints Sites Tree-based Systems Mixed tree-crop-livestock, variant of agropastoral (Jordan & Tunisia: olive-figs - almonds-barley - sheep) & intensive rainfed; rainfed (Meknes: wheat-fruit trees-dairy cattle) Fast degradation of natural resources, overgrazing, land degradation, climate variability, youth unemployment Tafilah- Salamya, Beni Khedache-Sidi Bouzid, Meknes-Saies Irrigated Crop Systems Market-oriented vegetable and fruit; high yielding wheat and forage crops, dairy cattle. Land constrained by groundwater depletion, salinization, heat stress, youth unemployment Nile Delta 12 Major Agricultural Livelihood Systems in NA&WA
- 13. 13 NA&WA InterdisciplinaryResearch Team http://drylandsystems.cgiar.org/people TORs (in progress): 1. To identify research needs 2. Science quality control 3. Engage partner at field level 4. Support the FC for planning and reporting 5. Etc.
- 14. Self-evaluation – amongthe drawbacks of Phase 1 1. Lack of integration across activities, NARS of the same country, regions and CRPs 2. Different methodological approaches and tools are used across action sites, regions and CRPs 3. NARS still not familiar with CRP DS 4. Timely delivering and reporting 5. Heavy management of funds 6. Under-spending 7. Continuous change of CRP DS approach 14
- 15. 1. What doyou really want to achieve in your Target Region through the CRP, and HOW? 2. What are your main research questions (the science), and what methods and tools have you been using to address those? 3. What scale have you been working so far, and what is envisaged? 4. What collaboration frameworks and partnerships are you using, and how do they work in practice (within and across regions)? 5. What have you achieved so far: concrete activities and results so far? 6. What was successful; what did not work well, and why? 7. What are your biggest implementation challenges now and in the next 2- 3 years? 8. If you had to start again, what would you do differently now? 15 ISAC’s Questions
- 16. CO/CRP DS Office… 33 points 1. An integrated systems approach at all sites that uses innovative 16 science. New science: eg. How to handle/manage megadata sets, data fusion and modeling using remote sensing/GIS for integration of land use, ecosystem services; how to cope with stochasticity, non linearity, feedbacks, spatial and temporal dynamics of new components/systems; risk management approaches; trade-off-analysis; knowledge systems sciences; trans-disciplinarily how to achieve it especially economics and ecosystems; use of modern ICT to engage youth in agricultural employment; use of the Focused Identification of Germplasm Strategy (FIGS) for targeting interventions and matching genotypes to environment and management options
- 17. 17 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 2. Well defined inter-disciplinary teams (these can change in composition over the lifetime of an activity depending on what is identified as the main barriers to uptake of research for example) 3. Clear linkages of research hypotheses to outputs, outcomes and IDO’s that could be a mixture of outputs and outcomes 4. Plausible outcomes identified including the identification of the barriers to outscaling of research outputs
- 18. 18 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 5. Inclusive partnerships including more than 1 CGIAR center, development of innovation platforms 6. Explicit linkages to other CRP’s and especially those that link germplasm development to NRM within a production systems context. Shift from descriptive to systems analysis & modeling 7. Increasing inclusiveness in partnerships 8. Value chain focus complements on-farm focus
- 19. 19 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 9. Increasing recognition of need for and attention to, enabling institutions & governance 10. Contested paradigms hard vs soft sciences; researcher vs farmer knowledge, what is the balance? 11. Greater social equity and gender considerations 12. Primary focus on agricultural livelihood system (pastoral, agro-pastoral, irrigated crop, intensive rain-fed and tree-based) 13. Fit for purpose participatory approaches
- 20. 20 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 14. Options x context approach in research sites, research at scale of impact (see report of the S&I meeting) 15. Much more emphasis on SRT 1 & 4 (better functioning innovation systems, measuring impacts and cross-regional synthesis) 16. Capacity development needs to be built in and made explicit with perhaps as much as 10-15% of the budget for identified capacity development needs (some of these were also recommended at the S&I meeting). CD strategy under definition.
- 21. CO/CRP DS Office… 33 points 17. Decreasing budget 18. Activities clustering 19. W1&W2 funds to complement and integrate results (outputs, 21 outcomes) from completed, ongoing and expected bilateral projects. 20. W1 & W2 funds could be used to fund new activities in case a specific gap is identify. 21. Mapping W3/Bilateral results 22. All results should be pointed to field sites or to global scale (dryland Systems) where the field sites are not applicable.
- 22. 22 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 23. Clear reporting structure for Bilateral project in order to integrate the developed science. 24. At least 10% of the budget should be allocated to Gender (Integration). 25. At least 1% should be used for M&E activities. ICARDA as all other centers should have staff checking results at action site level. 26. At least 1% should be used for Risk management. ICARDA as all other centers should implement procedure for assessing possible risk for the program implementation.
- 23. 23 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 27. All scientists are familiar with the S&IM recommendations (http://drylandsystems.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/DS_CRP_ science_and_implementation_meeting.pdf). 28. Include in each activity a budget allocation for communication (i.e. for their brochure, media events, etc). 29. Include in each activity a budget allocation for CDU support (i.e. for collecting CD data, support in the organization). 30. Include in each activity a budget allocation for GU (i.e. for maps, GIS support etc).
- 24. 24 CO/CRP DSOffice … 33 points 31. ICARDA should support the flagship coordination of NAWA and CA. 32. Activity description should clearly state how there will be a cross fertilization among scientists working in different regions and action sites. 33. Organize a priority list for the activity and phase those who do not achieve the system approach. The integrated approach should be clearly stated in each activity and those ones involving interdisciplinary research team should be as first priority.
- 25. 25 To considerfor year 2015 1. Clustering and developing an impact pathway for each cluster in relation with the targeted IDO(s) with clear cause/effect for outputs/outcomes 2. Phasing 3. Harmonize 4. Mapping W3/bilateral projects
- 26. CRP-DS revised IDOs SLOs IDO1 Resilience IDO2 Wealth & Wellbeing IDO3 Food access IDO4 NRM IDO5 Gender empowermt IDO6 Capacity to innovate More resilient livelihoods for vulnerable HH in marginal areas More sustainable & higher income & well-being for sustainable HH Women & children have access to greater quantity & diversity of food More sustainable & equitable mgt of land, water, energy & biodiversity Women & youth have better access to and control over resources & market and more equitable share of income & food .. Increased & sustainable capacity to innovate allowing to seize new opportunities ..
- 27. 27 IDO 1 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 1 RESILIENCE: More resilient livelihoods for vulnerable households in marginal areas 25%; Baseline survey (BLS), follow-up surveys Household food security Number (or %) of HH food insecure before and after dissemination and adoption of program outputs. % of HHs with more secure food (with increased and more stable per capita food access from farm sources and local markets). 30% decrease avoided; BLS, follow-up surveys Herd stability Control livestock survival & destocking rate & replacement rate and the relevant reasons. (Livestock survival = ratio of adult survival at the end of the year to adult survival at the beginning of the year; Destocking rate = ratio of number of animals sold or slaughtered to total number of animals; replacement rate = number of yearling animals to total number of animals). 20%; BLS and follow-up Tree density and resilience benefits Through remote sensing the change in density of trees attributable to program outputs and estimate the number of settled drylands HH who benefit from these program outputs through a higher and more even supply throughout the year and particularly during the dry season of tree based foods, goods and energy and incomes derived from this.
- 28. 28 IDOs 2-3 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 2 WEALTH AND WELLBEING: More sustainable and higher income and well-being of per capita for intensifiable households 20%; BLS, follow-up surveys Income Number (and %) of all HH who increased their income by at least 20% after dissemination and adoption of program outputs. Estimate % of low income HH who increased their income by at least 20%. IDO 3 FOOD ACCESS: Women and children in households have year-round access to greater quantity and diversity of food sources 30%; BLS, follow-up surveys Women and children dietary improvement Estimate number (and %) of HH who improved their dietary scores after dissemination and adoption of program outputs.
- 29. 29 IDO 4 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 4 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: More sustainable and equitable management of land, water resources, energy and biodiversity 25%; Assessment and modeling at field and watershed levels Reduced land degradati on Amount of carbon sequestered will be increased by 20% over the baseline survey estimates. NARS would adopt improved management of PSs with the demonstrations at action sites. Soil erosion reduced by 25% as measured through sediment load in runoff measured. Sediment yield and runoff losses reduced as a result of implementing soil and water conservation interventions. 20%; BLS, follow-up surveys Increased water productivi ty of crops, trees and livestock Economic, livelihood and/or biophysical outputs derived from use of a unit of water (e.g. $/cubic meter); $ return from marketable crops and tree and animal products per unit of water transpired or used to produce these products (e.g. total water consumed by the crop, tree or animal).Trade-offs between land and water productivity (Maximum water productivity, Optimum land productivity). Levels of natural resources (water and land), as compared to the initial situations, when best-bet management techniques/technologies are applied.
- 30. 30 IDO 4 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 4 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEME NT: More sustainable and equitable management of land, water resources, energy and biodiversity 25%; BLS and follow-up % of reduction in ABD decrease over time Change in levels of agricultural biodiversity (ABD) maintained by households and uses derived from it. It takes into consideration the number of crop species grown by households during the year (crop species richness at the household level) 1-2% increase in soils with low or average OC contents Enhanced soil fertility Increased soil organic matter content that improves soil nutrient and water dynamics, soil structure and productivity. Measured as organic carbon (OC) content of soil (%).
- 31. 31 IDO 4 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 4 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEME NT: More sustainable and equitable management of land, water resources, energy and biodiversity 50% farmers using BMP Best Managemen t Practices adopted Soil nutrient status and productivity improved through use of fertilizer and nutrient best management practices (BMP) 25%; BLS and follow-up surveys Use or adoption of sustainable agro-ecosystem managemen t Change in number of land-users applying sustainable agro-ecosystem management, and effects on natural resources; Number of land-users applying sustainable agro-ecosystem management with measurable reduction of land & water degradation, reduced depletion of soil, water & biodiversity, or increased efficiency.
- 32. 32 IDO 4 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 4 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEME NT: More sustainable and equitable management of land, water resources, energy and biodiversity 30%; BLS, recording by the project team Increased livestock performance Live weight gain (LWG), score of body condition, lambing rate, milk yield and litter survival (LWG = difference between final live weight (i.e. end of the control period) and initial live weight (start of the control period); Score of body condition is assessed by class using the PET method; Lambing rate = number of females giving birth to total number of females, Milk yield = amount milk produced by animal during milking period; Litter survival = ratio of litter size at weaning to litter size at birth).
- 33. 33 IDO 5 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 5 GENDER EMPOWERMENT: Women and youth have better access to and control over productive assets, inputs, information, market opportunities and capture a more equitable share of increased income, food and other benefits 30% of the countries; BLS and follow-up workshops Out-scaling gender equitable development interventions by NARS and partners Changes based on initial assessments of level of gender-sensitive options promoted by partners and methods used, determine changes; Number of NARS and other partners adopting procedures for institutionalizing out-scaling gender-equitable development interventions 30% of the countries; BLS and follow-up workshops NARS and development partners adoption of guidelines for empowering rural women and increased gender equity Change in uptake of women-empowering actions; Number of development organizations (national, International, NGOs, etc.) applying DS guidelines for empowering rural women and gender equity.
- 34. 34 IDO 6 Newly-focused Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs) Target (2025) & Data source Indicator Name Explanation/Metric IDO 6 CAPACITY TO INNOVATE - Increased and sustainable capacity to innovate within and among low income and vulnerable rural community systems, allowing them to seize new opportunities and meet challenges to improve livelihoods, and bring solutions to scale. 20% of the organizatio ns involved; BLS assessment and follow-up workshops Organizational innovation by local communities Change in uptake of organizational innovations; Number of community organizations or CBOs adopting innovative organizational approaches promoted.
- 35. TPithleased Activities, ALS,Flagships, IDOs 35 Dryland Systems Results & Management Framework 1. Framework integrates Activities, Outputs and Outcomes 2. Follows 4-phased research pathway 3. Leads to 6 intermediate development outcomes (IDOs) 4. Delivers on 4 SLOs 5. Entry points at activity level with other CRPs 6. Donors can target investments on activities at specific phases
- 36. Current activities forNA&WA Flagship 36 1. Conservation agriculture 2. Small ruminant productivity 3. Water & land productivity in irrigated systems 4. Policies on water resources 5. System vulnerability 6. Bio-economic farm 7. Innovation platforms &scenarios 8. High value chain clusters 9. In situ biodiversity 10.Water harvesting & soil conservation 11.Water & land productivity in rainfed systems 12.Managing salinity 13.Seed system & dissemination 14.Cereal & legume species adaptation 15.Cereal and legume system IPM 16.Managing agropastoral rangelands 17.Post-harvest & market access 18.Cereal aggregation approach 19. Gender in drylands
- 37. 37 Clustering -NA&WA Flagship Recommended Clusters Activities under each cluster Cluster 1 – Sustainable management of marginal ecosystems 1.1. Conservation agriculture 1.2. Livestock productivity and Health 1.3. Water and land management 1.9. In situ biodiversity 1.10. Water harvesting and soil conservation 1.16. Managing rangelands Cluster 2 – Sustainable intensification in favorable ecosystems 1.2. Livestock productivity and Health 1.11. and 1.12. Sustainable water and land productivity in irrigated systems 1.13. Seed system & dissemination 1.14 Cereal & legume species adaptation 1.15. Cereal and legume system IPM New. Improving agronomic practices
- 38. 38 Clustering -NA&WA Flagship Recommended Clusters Activities under each cluster Cluster 3 – Developing and scaling innovation capacity 1.5. Reducing system vulnerability and improving resilience (or System analysis) 1.6. Bio-economic modeling 1.7. Innovation platforms Cluster 4 - Markets and Policies 1.4. Policies 1.8. High value chains 1.17. Post-harvest & market access 1.18. Cereal aggregation approach Cluster 5 – Gender in Drylands 1.19. Gender in drylands
- 39. 39 Coming ..Move to Flagship by ALS instead of by region 1. Pastoral ALS 2. Agropastoral ALS 3. Intensive rain-fed ALS 4. Irrigation-based ALS 5. Tree-Cropping ALS • Better integration among regions • Better collaboration between CG centers • Better linkage with other CRPs
- 40. 40 Concluding remarks… 1. Integration 2. Harmonization 3. New science 4. Clustering 5. Partnership 6. Bring other CG-centers in the NA&WA flagship 7. Linkage with other CRPs 8. Mapping W3
- 41.