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Jose Rizal's Exile, Trial, and Execution
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- 2. RIZAL’S EXILE • JoseRizal's arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become very sensational among the Filipinos. His popularity feared the Spaniards, and such paid careful attention to his every move all houses where he had been were searched and the Filipinos seen in his company were suspected • As he had planned, on July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga Filipina in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.
- 3. RIZAL’S EXILE • Fourdays after the civic organization's foundation, Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four grounds: • For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles; • For having in possession, a bundle of handbills, the Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of the Spanish orders; • For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three "traitors" (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora) and for emphasizing on the novel's title page that "the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from the mother country (referring to Spain)"; and • For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture.
- 5. RIZAL’S EXILE • July17, 1892 - Rizal, together with his guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, arrived in Dapitan. • Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of the parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at Carnicero's house • He could live in the priest's quarters only if: ✓ He publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs ✓He regularly participate in church rites ✓He conduct himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of religion • Rizal made him a bust and composed a poem in his honor A Don Ricardo Carnicero on his birthday on August 26, 1892
- 6. Life in Talisay •Both men betted on the lottery and won 20,000 pesos • Lottery Ticket Number: 9736 • He used his money to build an octagonal house made up of bamboo and nipa in Talisay • Rizal built a school and accepted students with no tuition • The other part was used for his eye clinic • He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were free to visit him in Dapitan • Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow his mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan.
- 7. • May 4,1893 - Carnicero was replaced by Captain Juan Sitges. • He did not want living with a deportee • He assigned Rizal to live in a house near the headquarters • The Jesuits sent is old professor at the Ateneo, Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - to entice him back to the Church. • He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up at night with coconut oil lamps. • Rizal fell in love with the eighteen-year old Josephine Bracken. Life in Talisay
- 8. Life in Talisay CAPTAINJUAN SITGES FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SACNHEZ JOSEPHINE BRACKEN
- 9. • Rizal andJosephine tried to have themselves married in Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required that Rizal retract his beliefs. • Rizal's relatives and friends looked at Josephine with suspicion and condescension • Pablo Mercado - a spy of the friars who posed as Rizal's relative (Florencio Namaan - his true name) • Pio Valenzuela - an emissary of Andres Bonifacio, he was asking for advice on how to launch a revolution. He offered to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping from Dapitan • Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the revolutionaries must have enough arms and weapons Life in Talisay
- 10. • When Cubawas under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco offering his service as a military doctor. • Governor General Ramon Blanco - he approved the request of Rizal on July 1, 1896 • At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer España • The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor • He stayed in Dapitan for four years, thirteen days and a few hours. The End of the Dapitan Exile
- 11. • August 6,1896 - upon arriving in Manila Bay, Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain since the vessel Isla de Luzon already left • He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed there for a month from August 6 to September 2, 1896 • August 19, 1896 - the Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by means of revolution, it was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino's disclosure of organization's secrets • At that time, Katipunan was already discovered and the Philippine Revolution was already raging The End of the Dapitan Exile
- 12. • August 26,1896 - Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution (Sigaw sa Pugadlawin) in the hills of Balintawak, a few miles North of Manila. • In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces for rising arms against Spain • Manila, Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and Tarlac • He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing for Barcelona, Spain • Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection of British Law The End of the Dapitan Exile
- 13. • September 30- the Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and was now sailing in the Mediterranean • A telegraphic message was received ordering that Rizal be placed under arrest • Bernardino Nozaleda - Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of Philippine Revolution • October 3 - the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle • Rizal's interview with Despujol he would be shipped back to Manila • On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was taken aboard the Colon which was loaded with Spanish troops sailed for Manila TRIAL ( ARREST)
- 14. • Dr. AntonioMa. Regidor and Sixto Lopez - they exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore who could aid their friend • Attorney Hugh Fort - an English lawyer in Singapore • Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Singapore denied the request • November 3, 1896- the Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort Santiago • November 20, 1896 - Rizal was brought before a Spanish military tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive • Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution • Governor General appointed Captain Rafael Dominquez to institute charges against Rizal TRIAL ( ARREST)
- 15. • Lt. LuisTaviel de Andrade - the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard Jose Taviel de Andrade • December 13 - the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja - replacement of Governor Blanco • Rizal's actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago • Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations • In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments . • The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty . TRIAL ( ARREST)
- 16. • Lt. LuisTaviel de Andrade - the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard Jose Taviel de Andrade • December 13 - the case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja - replacement of Governor Blanco • Rizal's actual trial began on December 26, 1896 and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago • Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition and formation of illegal associations • In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments . • The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty . TRIAL ( ARREST)
- 17. • December 28,1896 - Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal's death warrant ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o'clock in the morning at Bagumbayan . • Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent TRIAL ( ARREST)
- 18. • Rizal wastransferred to the prison chape • Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and • Fr. Luis Viza Fr. Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus • Fr. Antonio Rosell - he ate breakfast with Rizal • Lt. Taviel de Andrade - also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services • Fr. Balaguer - he remained with Rizal around noon • At the three o'clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and tried to persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm • After he left, Rizal's mother and sisters arrived execution ( rizal’s final days)
- 19. • Rizal gavean alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift from Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her in English "There is something inside” • He also told her to look inside his shoes after he is executed • After his family left, Fathers Vilaclara and Balaguer again arrived to convince Rizal to retract . • By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza and again talked with Rizal on religious matters. At this point, they were joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia • At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda • Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi - the superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines execution ( rizal’s final days)
- 20. • At 11:30,Rizal signed his retraction from the Freemasonry and it was witnessed by Juan del Fresno - the Chief of the guard detail and the Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure • After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr. Vilaclara and rested afterwards • At 5:00 am, Rizal had his last breakfast, autographed his remaining books which became his last souvenirs • Fr. Balaguer - he performed the marriage rites of Rizal and Josephine • Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo by Thomas Kempis which he autographed execution ( rizal’s final days)
- 21. • Afterwards, hewrote three farewell letters: to Parents, Dr. Blumentritt and Paciano • At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to Bagumbayan began • A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution • Rizal had requested the firing squad to spare his head which was granted • He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied • Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal's pulse and found that it was normal • The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means of his saber and there was a simultaneous crack of gunfire and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with his face facing the sun execution ( rizal’s final days)
- 22. • The Spanishspectators shouted Viva España! • The military band played Marcha de Cadiz • Rizal's body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery where later it was traced by his sister • The remains of Rizal's were cleaned in Higino Mercado's house in Binondo and were given to Doña Teodora • His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in Luneta • On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the greatest man of the Malayan race, was shot to death at Bagumbayan (present day Luneta or Rizal park), Manila, by a firing squad of native soldiers, on the accusation of political conspiracy and sedition, and rebellion against the Spanish government in the Philippines. execution ( rizal’s final days)